scholarly journals Efficacy of two intensive decontamination protocols and their effects after 30 days on environmental contamination by cyclophosphamide

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Delafoy ◽  
Claire Chabut ◽  
Cynthia Tanguay ◽  
Jean-François Bussières
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Regular Surface ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Lasting Effect ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Working Day

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of two decontamination protocols on cyclophosphamide surface contamination and to explore its lasting effect 30 days later. Methods All sampling sites that were systematically contaminated with cyclophosphamide in 2017–2020 were included, from a convenience sample of centers. The first decontamination protocol consisted of four steps, each with 20 mL and a Wypall® wipe: detergent, sodium hypochlorite 2%, isopropyl alcohol 70% and water. The second decontamination protocol consisted of eight steps, each with 15 mL and a Micronsolo® microfibre wipe: detergent, sodium hypochlorite 2%, isopropyl alcohol 70%, water and then a second round with each of the four products. A first sampling was done at the end of a regular working day (T0), a second immediately following decontamination (T1) and a third 30 days later (T2) after regular operations. Cyclophosphamide was quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (limit of detection 0.001 ng/cm2). Results Seventeen sampling sites were included: six biological safety cabinet (BSC) front grilles, eight floors in front of BSCs and three cyclophosphamide storage shelves. The second protocol was more effective; however they both failed to completely remove all cyclophosphamide traces. BSCs and floors were found to be contaminated again 30 days later, at similar concentrations than at T0. A lasting effect was observed on the cyclophosphamide storage shelves that were less prone to be contaminated again. Conclusions Periodic decontamination with many cleaning steps is necessary on all surfaces, including those less frequently contaminated. Regular surface monitoring identifies systematically contaminated areas.

scholarly journals Development and Interlaboratory Validation of Two Fast UPLC–MS-MS Methods Determining Urinary Bisphenols, Parabens and Phthalates

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P van der Meer ◽  
Martijn van Faassen ◽  
Hanne Frederiksen ◽  
André P van Beek ◽  
Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Interlaboratory Validation ◽  
Set Up

Abstract People are constantly exposed to a wide variety of chemicals. Some of these compounds, such as parabens, bisphenols and phthalates, are known to have endocrine disrupting potencies. Over the years, these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been a rising cause for concern. In this study, we describe setup and validation of two methods to measure EDCs in human urine, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The phenol method determines methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, n-butyl- and benzylparaben and bisphenol A, F and S. The phthalate method determines in total 13 metabolites of dimethyl, diethyl, diisobutyl, di-n-butyl, di(2-ethylhexyl), butylbenzyl, diiso-nonyl and diisodecyl phthalate. Runtime was 7 and 8 min per sample for phenols and phthalates, respectively. The methods were validated by the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) for 13 compounds. In addition, EDCs were measured in forty 24-h urine samples, of which 12 EDCs were compared with the same samples measured in an established facility (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). The intra-assay coefficient of variability (CV) was highest at 10% and inter-assay CV was highest at 12%. Recoveries ranged from 86 to 115%. The limit of detection ranged from 0.06 to 0.43 ng/mL. Of 21 compounds, 10 were detected above limit of detection in ≥93% of the samples. Eight compounds were in accordance to NIST reference concentrations. Differences in intercept were found for two compounds whereas slope differed for six compounds between our method and that used in the Danish facility. In conclusion, we set up and validated two high-throughput methods with very short runtime capable of measuring 5 parabens, 3 bisphenols and 13 different metabolites of 8 phthalates. Sensitivity of the phenol method was increased by using ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase.

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