Römische Kurie und Karriere

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-290
Author(s):  
Jörg Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Young Age ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Papal Court ◽  
Santa Maria

AbstractThis paper discusses the cleric Nikolaus Graurock († 1493), who came to Rome at a young age to embark upon a remarkable career. His connection to the Hospital and Fraternity of Santa Maria dellʼAnima was the first important support used by this man of legal and diplomatic talents, who thus became acquainted with the customs of the Curia and of Rome and was able to quickly build up a personal network. His membership of the familia of cardinal Latinus Orsini, who came from a family of the high nobility with influence in Rome and Italy, was also fundamental. In the 1450 s, Graurock was one of the key figures – especially in the „Lüneburg Prelate War“ – in the exchange between the Curia and representatives from northern Germany. Thanks to his position, however, Nikolaus Graurock also promoted the careers of others, including relatives. During his long stay in Rome he came into closer contact with those humanists who played an increasingly important role at the papal court from the second half of the 15th century onwards and whose works he later disseminated in Germany. This example of a mid-level cleric thus offers fundamental insights into the career opportunities that Rome and the Curia offered in the 15th century.

scholarly journals Przekład eklogi pierwszej, O szlachetnej miłości i szczęśliwym jej zakończeniu (De honesto amore et felici eius exitu), ze zbioru Adolescentia Baptysty Mantuana

Terminus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1 (58)) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Górka
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Critical Editions ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Catholic Church

A Translation of the First Eclogue “Honorable love and its happy outcome” (De honesto amore et felici eius exitu) from the Adolescentia by Battista the Mantuan The article presents a translation of the first eclogue from the 15th-century collection of bucolics Adolescentia by Battista the Mantuan (1447–1516). The eclogue, entitled De honesto amore et felici eius exitu, is supplemented by an introduction and commentary. To this day, two critical editions of the work have been published: by Wilfred Mustard (1911) in English, and by Andrea Severi (2010) in Italian. The introduction presents the author’s biography and gives a brief description of the whole collection, in particular the eclogue under discussion. The Italian poet Battista the Mantuan was a Carmelite and became Blessed of the Catholic Church. A prolific writer, he is best known for his Adolescentia, a collection of bucolics created at a young age, edited and expanded later. Published originally in 1498, Adolescentia quickly gained popularity among readers and were established as school reading. Other issues discussed in the introduction include the sources of Mantuan’s inspiration, the role of the collection in education and in the Reformation, as well as the reception of Adolescentia. It is also pointed out that the first eclogue should be seen in a wider context of Renaissance eclogues exploring the theme of marriage. The interpretation of the eclogue offered in the article draws on its biblical and ancient sources, i.e. the Book of Ruth and Virgil’s eclogues, respectively, as well as the conventions of the genre, especially of elegy, that affected its form.

scholarly journals Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini and the Development of Cardinal Protectors of Nations

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Von Cotta-Schönberg
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Papal Court ◽  
Formal Arrangement

This article deals with the development of Cardinal Protectors of Nations in the 15th century. It is based partly on texts examined by Josef Wodka (1938), partly on the correspondence of Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini published in the Opera Omnia edition of 1571 and the correpondence of King Christian 1. with the Papal Court.The author’s interpretation of the development differs somewhat from Josef Wodka’s in that it recognizes the decisive role of the Council of Basle in creating a legal base for cardinals representing royal interests at the Apostolic Sea. The Council agreed with the stance of Pope Martin V that cardinals should act as impartial and independent advisors of popes, but – reaching back to Avignonese precedents – it accepted a form of representation termed “promotorship” rather than “protectorship” of royal affairs. It did not indicate any difference of content between the two concepts, but only addressed the modalities of partiality and payment.This interpretation is based on the Conciliar Decree itself and on the Cardinal’s correspondence which documents the practice at the Papal Court in the 1450’s, including a formal arrangement of promotorship between the Cardinal and the Emperor, and negotiations concerning such a promotorship between the Cardinal and the King of Denmark.

A Project by Michelangelo for the Ambo(s) of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence

1981 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Piero Morselli
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church

A group of Michelangelo's architectural drawings preserved in the Ashmolean and in the British Museum contains several detailed studies for a tall, semi-octagonal structure. Whereas the sketches have been dated ca. 1518, the nature of the building and its intended location are still a matter of debate. Recently, Wilde argued that the drawings show the ground plan and elevation of an ambo. This identification has been challenged on the basis that ambos had disappeared from liturgical use and had been replaced by pulpits centuries before Michelangelo. An examination of documents and sources reveals, however, that single and paired ambos had been built in the 15th century and that the 16th century marked a renewed liturgical interest in the Early Christian amboni tradition. Michelangelo's sketches in all probability reflect a project intended as part of the program for the embellishment of S. Maria del Fiore. This assumption is strengthened by the date of the drawings, executed after Michelangelo's return to Florence, by the contemporary decision of the operai to remodel the old choir of the church, and by the general architectural scheme of Michelangelo's ambo, which seems to have been conceived with the interior of this church in mind.

scholarly journals Prilog poznavanju kasnogotičke skulpture u Rijeci: prijedlog za Leonarda Thannera i nepoznata grupa Oplakivanje Krista

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Mario Pintarić ◽  
Damir Tulić
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church

The article discusses a late Gothic statue of Pietà in the permanent collection of the Maritime and Historical Museum of the Croatian Littoral in Rijeka. It is a wooden statue with poorly preserved traces of polychrome painting and gilding, discovered in 1920 in the attic of the parish church of Mary’s Assumption in Rijeka. Vanda Ekl dated it to the end of the third quarter of the 15th century without specifying its circle of origin or its history. Based on a stylistic analysis, as well as a series of typological and formal analogies, the Pietà of Rijeka can now be brought into connection with the woodcarver Leonardo Thannner from Bavarian Landshut, active in Friuli during the second half of the 15th century. A crucial comparative example can be found in Thanner’s polychromatic wooden group of The Lamentation of Christ from the church of Santa Maria della Fratta in San Daniele del Friuli (1488). Rijeka Lamentation, a hitherto unknown and here for the first time published statue, can be linked with a workshop or a circle of the Friulian sculptor Giovanni Martini and approximately dated to the first quarter of the 16th century.

scholarly journals Why was astrology criticised in the Middle Ages? Contribution to further research (on the basis of selected treaties of professors of the University of Krakow in the 15th century).

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Sylwia Konarska-Zimnicka
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Papal Court ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Middle Ages

People have always been interested in distant, mysterious celestial bodies. Astrologers who explored the mysteries of the study of the stars and planets wanted to read them as predictions of future events. Astrological practices were often seen as bordering of magic, whichto a large extent influenced the negative perception of this area of study and its supporters, even though astrologers were employed at the kings’ and bishops’ courts, and even at the papal court. The relationship of astrology with occult sciences, which were regarded as sinful and heretical, led to the situation when its proponents were subject to accusations. Particular attention was paid to the fact that the belief in the influence of heavenly bodies on the events taking place in the sublunary world undermines the foundation of the  Christian religion, i.e. the dogma of the free will of man. This and other charges constituted a kind of a “catalogue of allegations” that were made against astrology and astrologers throughout the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals “Ynclinando la oreja del mi entendimiento”. Simbología mística en Arboleda de los enfermos de Teresa de Cartagena

Medievalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Ilse Díaz Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Literature ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Teresa De Cartagena ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Comprehension Process ◽  
Arboleda De Los Enfermos ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Hebrew Tradition

Arboleda de los enfermos is a religious treaty written in the middle of 15th century by Teresa de Cartagena, a nun from Burgos, after her hearing loss. In her treaty, Teresa de Cartagena attemps to show to those who also suffer from an illnes a way to heal their souls. The text presents some characteristics of mystic Spanish literature, as it exposes the comprehension process of an inner reality in wich the soul needs to follow a crucial path of suffering. This paper analizes the symbolism in the treaty, from the Scholem and Lotman’s perspectives about the symbol as a vehicle of tradition and mystical experience, to later explain the relationship between symbols of the Christian and Jewish traditions presented on the text. Teresa de Cartagena could have known this second tradition due to the Jewish converso origins of her family, in wich her grandfather, the ex rabine Pablo de Santa María, and her uncle Alfonso de Cartagena were counted, both prominet humanist and educated in Hebrew tradition.

scholarly journals During Credo He Shouted "Blessed be […]; now I can hear": Nordic Child Miraculees Interacting with Liturgy

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Rakel Igland Diesen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Image ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Miracle Narratives ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
General Collection

This article focuses on miracle narratives associated with saints originating in the Nordic region, written from the 12th to the 15th century, where a rich collection of images of children present around and inside of churches and at shrines can be found. Many of the tales portray children in devotional activities, giving an indication of how children moved and acted in these spaces. The events described often transpire during prayers and services, and show how children were seen and heard in spaces where liturgical activity shaped the rhythms of the day and the year. By examining how children are presented, as present and participating in these spaces, and by noting the bits of sensory information given in the narratives, this article adds to our mental image of the religious practices as well as sensory experiences of medieval children. Keywords: Medieval children, miracles, Nordic saints, hagiography, sensory experience.  On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

A Roman tercentenary

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-273
Author(s):  
A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
January Issue ◽  
Queen Christina Of Sweden ◽  
Papal Court ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church

Three hundred years ago, on 6 October 1702, the Pope, Clement XI, inaugurated a new meridian line in the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Rome, a line that had been set out by a Fellow of The Royal Society, Francesco Bianchini. In my foreword to our January issue I wrote something of his career at the papal court in Rome, of his activities as an astronomer and his membership of the Accademia Fisicamathematica associated with Queen Christina of Sweden (who then lived in Rome). The portrait shows Ada, Countess of Lovelace (1815–1852). (Reproduced courtesy of the Science and Society Library.)

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