scholarly journals Ersetzt die Neue Ökonomische Geographie Außenwirtschaftstheorie und Raumwirtschaftstheorie?

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schöler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Heterogeneous Goods ◽  
The One

SummaryThe New Economic Geography has two advantages in comparison with the traditional Theory of International Trade. On the one hand, the transport costs are included into the respective models. On the other hand, the factor endowment in the regions or countries is not given in the same way as in the traditional Trade Theory, but it is a result of different transport costs. The New Economic Geography has also great advantages in the field of Regional Economics. It is possible to explain the phenomenon of agglomerations by means of a total microeconomic model with economies of scale in one industry, monopolistic competition and heterogeneous goods. The New Economic Geography completes the traditional theories - Trade Theory and Regional Economics - in important aspects, but does not yet replace these approaches.

scholarly journals THE EMERGENCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL ECONOMICS: AT THE CONTESTED BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS, GEOGRAPHY AND REGIONAL SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmeen Rahman ◽  
Robert Dimand
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Location Theory ◽  
Regional Science ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Disciplinary Boundary ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
The 1960S

We explore disciplinary boundary-making in geographical economics or “the new economic geography” with attention to the approaches taken by, and attempts at communication between, scholars with primary affiliations in economics, geography and regional science. The Dixit-Stiglitz general equilibrium approach to monopolistic competition and increasing returns was applied to agglomeration and location by Paul Krugman, who had previously pioneered the “new trade theory” building on the Dixit-Stiglitz model, and, independently and slightly earlier, by Masahisa Fujita and his student Heshem Abdel-Rahman starting from regional science, a tradition with its own departments, doctorates, conferences and journals distinct from economics and geography. Economic geography, as studied by geographers, had already taken a quantitative and theoretical turn in the 1960s, reviving an earlier tradition of German location theory overshadowed within geography after World War II by areal differentiation. Another strand of economic geography pursued by geographers was influenced by economic theory, but by non-neoclassical Marxian and Sraffian economics. Debates between these scholars raised questions whether these analyses were multidisciplinary, drawing on distinct disciplines, or crossed disciplinary boundaries (as when geographical economics in the style of economists is undertaken in geography departments) or transcends disciplinary boundaries, or involved the emergence of a new discipline.

The Economic Geography of Cyberspace

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Bruce Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Web Traffic ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Media Preferences ◽  
Face Search ◽  
Simple Economic

This chapter is about building simple economic models of online content production. The style of these models owes much to the so-called “increasing returns revolution” that began in the industrial organization literature, and then found expression in the “new trade theory” and in the “new economic geography” scholarship. The simple web traffic model this chapter shows is built upon the assumption that there are strong economies of scale online, both for content production and advertising revenue; that users have at least modest preferences for diversity; and that it takes time and effort for users to seek out online content—that users face search costs or switching costs in navigating the Web. Aside from model building, this chapter also touches upon several other topics, including online aggregation and the economics of bundling. It then lays out what we know about media preferences, and why larger sites now get more money per visitor than small local producers.

Regional economics: A new economic geography perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Behrens ◽  
Jacques-François Thisse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
New Economic Geography

The Contribution of New Economic Geography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Mossay ◽  
Pierre M. Picard
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Activities

New Economic Geography (NEG) provides microeconomic foundations for explaining the spatial concentration of economic activities across regions, cities, and urban areas. The origins of the NEG literature trace back to trade, location, and urbans economics theories. In NEG, agglomeration and dispersion forces explain the existence of spatial agglomerations. A NEG model usually incorporates a combination of such forces. In particular, firm proximity to large markets and the importance of linkages along a supply chain are typical agglomeration forces. Equilibria properties derived from NEG models are very specific to NEG as they involve multiple equilibria and have a very high dependence on changes in parameters. This phenomenon has important implications for the emergence of nations, regions, and cities. In particular, high transport costs imply the dispersion of economic activities, while low transport costs lead to their spatial concentration. The same forces that shape inequalities and disparities between regions also shape the internal structure of cities. Firms concentrate in urban centers to gain greater access to larger demand. The empirical literature has developed several approaches that shed light on spatial agglomeration and estimate the role and impact of transport costs on market access. A key empirical research question is whether observed patterns could be explained by location amenities or agglomeration forces as put forward by NEG. Quasi-experimental methodology is frequently used for such a purpose. NEG theory is supported by empirical evidence, demonstrating the role of market access.

Standort und Raumstruktur

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henner Kleinewefers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Set Up

SummaryThe paper surveys traditional and more recent contributions to the Theory of Regional Economics. It starts by introducing the basic research questions in this field. Then the contributions of von Thünen, Weber and Christaller, explaining the regional distribution of economic activity in agriculture and industry are presented and put in perspective, together with the generalizations of Lösch and von Böventer. Center-periphery issues, agglomeration-deglomeration forces and the relations between Regional and International Economics are discussed. Finally the paper shifts to the new set up oft the field, called New Economic Geography. The revitalization of the program owns much to Krugman, whose basic model is outlined as a starting point. The paper hints to several attractive extensions of this basic model. The paper, acknowledging the model’s simple and elegant structure, raises however some doubts on its empirical relevance and its value for policy makers. In addition it seems quite poor in institutional detail, compared to the earlier literature.

scholarly journals THE EMERGENCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL ECONOMICS: AT THE CONTESTED BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS, GEOGRAPHY, AND REGIONAL SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-261
Author(s):  
Jasmeen Rahman ◽  
Robert W. Dimand
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Location Theory ◽  
Regional Science ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Disciplinary Boundary ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
The 1960S

We explore disciplinary boundary-making in geographical economics or “the new economic geography” with attention to the approaches taken by, and attempts at communication among, scholars with primary affiliations in economics, geography, and regional science. The Dixit-Stiglitz general equilibrium approach to monopolistic competition and increasing returns was applied to agglomeration and location by Paul Krugman, who had previously pioneered the “new trade theory” building on the Dixit-Stiglitz model, and, independently and slightly earlier, by Masahisa Fujita and his student Heshem Abdel-Rahman, starting from regional science, a tradition with its own departments, doctorates, conferences, and journals distinct from economics and geography. Economic geography, as studied by geographers, had already taken a quantitative and theoretical turn in the 1960s, reviving an earlier tradition of German location theory overshadowed within geography after World War II by areal differentiation. Another strand of economic geography pursued by geographers was influenced by economic theory but by non-neoclassical Marxian and Sraffian economics. Debates between these scholars raised questions whether these analyses were multidisciplinary, drawing on distinct disciplines, or crossed disciplinary boundaries (as when geographical economics in the style of economists is undertaken in geography departments) or transcends disciplinary boundaries, or involved the emergence of a new discipline.

scholarly journals Local Productive Arrangements and their influences in regional economics development

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Demeure Adolfo Menezes Pessoa ◽  
Vandre Alex da Silva ◽  
Fabiano Palhares Galão ◽  
José Carlos Rogel ◽  
Cláudio Luiz Chiusoli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Economic Trend ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Economical Development ◽  
The Moment

The article possesses the mark of demonstrating the paper of the clusters in the regional economical development by the actors' cooperation in the productive chain. By this way was used a bibliographical review and descriptive-exploratory as methodology to realize this work. The article shows as it results the substation of the companies agglomerateds formation in several region, do they belongs at the same business or of the existing companies suppliers, like a alternative way to search of the competitive advantadge.  That can be deserved yet like a new economic trend in Brazil and in the other wolrd region, that do the companies adopt a different way in front of the new challenges. By the way it´s generator of a new economic geography of development, therefore to start from the moment that occurs this corporate cohesion, whose purpose is the seek of the competitive advantadge, that can be used to put down the production costs, to promote the exportation and permit the technological innovations.

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