Input-Output Analysis

This essential reference for students and scholars in the input-output research and applications community has been fully revised and updated to reflect important developments in the field. Expanded coverage includes construction and application of multiregional and interregional models, including international models and their application to global economic issues such as climate change and international trade; structural decomposition and path analysis; linkages and key sector identification and hypothetical extraction analysis; the connection of national income and product accounts to input-output accounts; supply and use tables for commodity-by-industry accounting and models; social accounting matrices; non-survey estimation techniques; and energy and environmental applications. Input-Output Analysis is an ideal introduction to the subject for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in many scholarly fields, including economics, regional science, regional economics, city, regional and urban planning, environmental planning, public policy analysis and public management.

Strategic diagnostics at the at the Russian Far East gas industry

World and regional economics are nonstationary, and due to this it becomes a strategically important task to ensure social and economic development of the regions which considers the existing tendencies and the arising opportunities. The task can be fulfilled by means of uncovering the accumulated scientific-technical and industrial-production potentials of the industries. The Far Eastern Federal district possesses such a strategic opportunity, and gas industry can become such a driver. Therefore, the purpose of the study is performing strategic diagnostics of the Far Eastern gas industry in order to determine the position of the object of strategizing within the global and regional economic system, to form the information basis for further strategic analysis and to define the type of the potential industrial strategy. To this end the authors carried out analysis and presented the main results of strategic diagnostics of the Far Eastern gas industry as the object of strategizing including the key historical aspects and the dynamics of development of the gas industry of the Far East, assessment of the resource base and human resources potential, technological potential of the industry, analysis of the major industrial indicators and structure, assessment of the export potential and market positioning, analysis of the regulatory environment for operation and development of the gas industry in the Far East. For each direction of strategic diagnostics the authors have detected the specificity, features and factors which influence or are able to influence the Far Eastern gas industry in a long-term perspective. The results of the analysis revealed high concentration of national, public, regional, industrial, commercial interests, high level of technological potential of gas industry of the Far East, its deep integration into international economic relations and favorable regulatory environment encouraging effective operation and development. The study made it possible to conclude that the strategy of the gas industry of the Far East ought to be that of the innovative type and ought to be aimed at realization of all groups of interests and at involvement and efficient employment of all existing regional resources and competitive advantages.

Unemployment and new firm formation: evidence from Polish industries at the regional level

Research background: The present study takes the regional economics perspective to explaining new firm registrations. It focuses on the driving role of unemployment rate in the process of new business formation. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the study is to investigate the effect of regional unemployment (next to other regional characteristics) on subsequent new business formation in Polish regions for the period 2003?2018. The research hypothesis assumes that a rise in unemployment rate has a positive effect on subsequent new business formation. The positive unemployment push effect is expected to be stronger in operational services. Methods: In order to verify the links between unemployment rates and entrepreneurship, panel data methods (fixed effect Driscoll-Kraay and p-VAR estimators) were applied. The analyses were performed at the industry level (manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, hotels and restaurants, and financial services) using regional annual data for the period 2003?2018. Findings & value added: This study provides further insight into the unemployment push hypothesis by distinguishing between industry sectors and by considering regional specificities in post-communist economies (e.g. Poland). The findings provide value for policy-makers regarding the selection of policy instruments intended to stimulate regional development through entrepreneurship in lagged areas.

Essays on human capital and regional economics

Οι εμπειρικές μελέτες για το ανθρώπινο κεφάλαιο και την περιφερειακή οικονομία προσπαθούν να ελέγξουν εμπειρικά τους καθοριστικούς παράγοντες και τις επιπτώσεις του ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου στα οικονομικά αποτελέσματα σε συγκεκριμένες περιοχές. Παλαιότερες μελέτες προσπάθησαν να εξηγήσουν τους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τη διαμόρφωση του ανθρώπινου κεφαλαίου. Η αναγκαστική μετανάστευση, η ιδιοκτησία γης, η θρησκεία, ο πολιτισμός, η αστικοποίηση, οι κλιματικοί παράγοντες και οι γεωγραφικοί παράγοντες έχουν σημαντικές επιπτώσεις στη δημιουργία ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου, ενώ με τη σειρά του ο σχηματισμός ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου επηρεάζει την οικονομική ανάπτυξη συγκεκριμένων περιοχών. Η παρούσα διατριβή σχετίζεται με την ανάλυση του ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου και της περιφερειακής οικονομίας, καθώς εξετάζει με ποιον τρόπο οι πτυχές της αναγκαστικής μετανάστευσης, της ιδιοκτησίας γης, της αστικοποίησης, του πολιτισμού και της γεωγραφίας καθορίζουν την ποσότητα και την ποιότητα του σχηματισμού ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου σε μια συγκεκριμένη γεωγραφικά καθορισμένη περιοχή. Επιπλέον, διερευνά πώς ο σχηματισμός ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου επηρεάζει την οικονομική ανάπτυξη όσον αφορά την έναρξη νέων επιχειρήσεων. Συνολικά, η παρούσα διατριβή σχετίζεται με τη βιβλιογραφία που εξετάζει τους ιστορικούς καθοριστικούς παράγοντες του ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου και παρέχει στοιχεία για την αιτιώδη σχέση μεταξύ ανθρωπίνου κεφαλαίου και οικονομικής ανάπτυξης.

On Ensuring the Quality of Life in the Innovative Economy of St. Petersburg from the Strategic Perspective

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze quality-of-life estimates obtained for St. Petersburg using a theoretical and methodological approach developed based on the concept of the qualitydriven economy.Tasks. The authors consider the concept of the quality of life in the context of the Strategy of socio-economic development of St. Petersburg until 2035; measure and analyze quality-of-life indicators based on the concept of the quality-driven economy.Methods. A major part of this study is based on the methodology of the general scientific philosophical approach and uses such methods of interdisciplinary research as modeling, system analysis, and others. The quality of life is measured on the theoretical and methodological basis of the quality-driven economy using the methodology developed at the Institute of Problems of Regional Economics (IPRE) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.Results. Ensuring a high quality of life for the population of the region is a priority goal of the functioning and development of the economy of St. Petersburg. To this end, it is crucial to use strategic opportunities for economic growth and regional development in achieving the social well-being of the region’s population. Different views on the understanding of the quality of life as the main strategic priority of the innovative development of St. Petersburg are analyzed, and quality-of-life estimates are obtained for St. Petersburg, the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD), and the Russian Federation as a whole. The role of St. Petersburg in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of the Northwestern Federal District and Russia in the context of innovative development is shown.Conclusions. Quality of life is an integral part of the strategic planning system in the innovative economy of St. Petersburg. The quality-driven economy provides a reliable theoretical and methodological basis for making allowance for the quality of life at the highest levels of regional government. The analysis based on the results of calculations shows a correlation between the system of quality indicators of the methodology for measuring the quality of life to increase regional management efficiency developed at the IPRE RAS and several indicators of the strategic planning system of socioeconomic development in St. Petersburg. Thus, the application of quality-driven economy principles in the innovative economy of St. Petersburg makes it possible not only to set the initial conditions for achieving the necessary quality of life, but also to develop a mechanism that would ensure the achievement of this goal in the future.

Digital Transformation in the Agrarian and Industrial Sectors of the Russian Regional Economics

The article displays the results of comparing the digitalization process in agrarian and industrial production. The objects of study are the companies of the eighty-two Russian regions. The information was obtained from open-access resources of the Russian State Statistics Bureau. The research aims at revealing the differentiation and the specific interconnection of digital transformation in agriculture and industrial production at the regional level. The observations prove the idea that the digitalization path and tempo depend on the unique regional conditions and the accumulated level of scientific and innovative potential. A controversy is revealed in the methodology of evaluating the digital maturity rate which was proposed by the Russian regulators for assessments at the federal and regional scale. The methodology implies equal weights of significance attributed to various sectors when measuring the regional level of digital transformation. Consequently, the socioeconomic context of the diverse regional systems is treated as a barrier to digitalization and an obstacle to intensive development. At the same time, it is a question of open discussion if digitalization of such peculiar sectors as agriculture and industrial production should be measured with similar methods.

Knowledge Economy in Brazil: Analysis of Sectoral Concentration and Production by Region

The research presented in this article investigates and analyzes the concentration of knowledge production in Brazil, in the context of a public policy, at postgraduate level, by using the spectral methods grounded on the LQ (location quotient) and CI (concentration index) indicators, in three dimensions, from 2013 to 2018. The dimensions are economics, geography, and time. Economics is represented by Fields and Major Fields of knowledge production. Geography corresponds to the regions identified by each Federation unit (FU). Time is a chronological unit of the timeline in which knowledge is produced. The research then evaluates knowledge concentration in the income performance of the families by FU. The results are robust and indicate significant evidence that sectorial knowledge production in Brazil is regionally unequal and impacts on family incomes, but those family incomes evolve regardless of the knowledge concentration level produced. The research contributions are relevant to assist public policy regulators and monitoring managers, as well as to encourage future discoveries in regional economics applications.

Knowledge Economy in Brazil: Analysis of Sectoral Concentration and Production by Region

The research presented in this article investigates and analyzes the concentration of knowledge production in Brazil, in the context of a public policy, at postgraduate level, by using the spectral methods grounded on the LQ (location quotient) and CI (concentration index) indicators, in three dimensions, from 2013 to 2018. The dimensions are economics, geography, and time. Economics is represented by Fields and Major Fields of knowledge production. Geography corresponds to the regions identified by each Federation unit (FU). Time is a chronological unit of the timeline in which knowledge is produced. The research then evaluates knowledge concentration in the income performance of the families by FU. The results are robust and indicate significant evidence that sectorial knowledge production in Brazil is regionally unequal and impacts on family incomes, but those family incomes evolve regardless of the knowledge concentration level produced. The research contributions are relevant to assist public policy regulators and monitoring managers, as well as to encourage future discoveries in regional economics applications.

Econophysics and the Entropic Foundations of Economics

This paper examines relations between econophysics and the law of entropy as foundations of economic phenomena. Ontological entropy, where actual thermodynamic processes are involved in the flow of energy from the Sun through the biosphere and economy, is distinguished from metaphorical entropy, where similar mathematics used for modeling entropy is employed to model economic phenomena. Areas considered include general equilibrium theory, growth theory, business cycles, ecological economics, urban–regional economics, income and wealth distribution, and financial market dynamics. The power-law distributions studied by econophysicists can reflect anti-entropic forces is emphasized to show how entropic and anti-entropic forces can interact to drive economic dynamics, such as in the interaction between business cycles, financial markets, and income distributions.

OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS IN FRUITS OF Caryocar brasiliense (CARYOCARACEAE) IN THE NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS

ABSTRACT Caryocar brasiliense Camb. is a typical species from the Cerrado that represents a relevant income for the population where the fruit is produced. The ocorrence of insect pests provokes damage in the fruit and making its commercialization unfeasible. Then, this study aimed to identify the pest insect the fruit and the pit; to compare the morphological features of the fruit and pit and the damage caused by insects among mother plants and their origins and correlate the fruit and pit morphological features with the damage caused by the insects. Three different origins were evaluated, 12 mother plants by origin and ten fruit by mother plant. All the fruit were opened, checked for the insect damage and the fruit and pit morphological variables were determined. The insects that caused damage to the pequi embryo were identified as Carmenta sp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Amblycerus sp (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The probability analysis showed significant effect on the mother plants and origins for the percentage of fruit and pit attacked where the location of Laje Velha obtained the lowest rates of the insect attack. The fruit and pit of the Fruta de Leite were bigger and heavier than the others, while the correlations among the predation rate and the other morphological variables of the fruit and pit were not significant. Amblycerus sp. and Carmenta sp. may be considered potential pests of pequi, with the risk of compromising the pequizeiro populations and the regional economics.