Research on the Allocation Method of Regional Science and Technology Resources from the Perspective of Rationality

At present, the allocation efficiency of regional scientific and technological resources is low, and there are few research studies on social equity and economic efficiency. Therefore, this paper puts forward the allocation method of regional scientific and technological resources based on rationality. With the support of rationality perspective, the evaluation model of reform path of regional scientific and technological resource allocation is constructed to analyze the economic benefits and equity benefits of regional scientific and technological resource allocation. According to the principle of optimum allocation of regional science and technology resources, three-dimensional structure is constructed to maximize national investment and benefit and determine the optimal Pareto of resource allocation to measure the efficiency of resource allocation. The evaluation index system of the reform path of resource allocation is constructed by selecting the evaluation index of the reform path of resource allocation. The benchmark platform of big data was selected to generate data sets to be processed, and the spark on yam platform was used to submit jobs and generate spark job running data sets. The operation performance prediction model was established to optimize the configuration parameters of regional science and technology resources. The analysis results show that the designed method has high configuration capability and good effectiveness.

Spatial machine learning: new opportunities for regional science

This paper is a methodological guide to using machine learning in the spatial context. It provides an overview of the existing spatial toolbox proposed in the literature: unsupervised learning, which deals with clustering of spatial data, and supervised learning, which displaces classical spatial econometrics. It shows the potential of using this developing methodology, as well as its pitfalls. It catalogues and comments on the usage of spatial clustering methods (for locations and values, both separately and jointly) for mapping, bootstrapping, cross-validation, GWR modelling and density indicators. It provides details of spatial machine learning models, which are combined with spatial data integration, modelling, model fine-tuning and predictions to deal with spatial autocorrelation and big data. The paper delineates “already available” and “forthcoming” methods and gives inspiration for transplanting modern quantitative methods from other thematic areas to research in regional science.

КОНКУРЕНЦІЯ ЗА КУРНО ТА БЕРТРАНОМ В УМОВАХ ПРОСТОРОВОЇ ДУОПОЛІЇ З АСИМЕТРИЧНИМИ РИНКАМИ

Вступ. Після появи знаменитих робіт Курно і Бертрана економісти ось уже більше ста років порівнюють між собою переваги кількісної (за Курно) та ціно- вої (за Бертраном) конкуренції. У класичній моделі дуополії цінова конкурен- ція знижає ціни до рівня граничних витрат (парадокс Бертрана). Споживачі від цього виграють, а фірми отримують мінімальний прибуток. Тому в рамках класичної моделі фірми вважають за краще кількісну конкуренцію. Подолати парадокс Бертрана можливо за умови введення в модель інших характеристик реальних ринків, а саме: продуктової диференціації, динамічної взаємодії фірм, обмеження виробничих потужностей, просторового розташування фірм, тощо. Метою роботи є аналіз моделі просторової дуополії [Liang, W.J., Hwang, H., & Mai, C.C., (2006). Spatial discrimination: Bertrand vs. Cournot with asymmetric demands. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 36, 790–802] в умовах однорідної продукції, асиметрії розмірів ринків та транспортної монопо- лії. З метою максимізації прибутку фірми спочатку вибирають місце розташуван- ня, а потім вид конкуренції – за Курно або Бертраном. У роботі проведено порів- няльний аналіз місць розташування, прибутків, споживчих надлишків і суспільного добробуту в залежності від асиметрії ринків і видів конкуренції. Результати. Отримано, що в стані рівноваги фірми завжди будуть вибирати різні ринки, неза- лежно від виду конкуренції і рівня асиметрії ринків. При відносно малій асиметрії ринків фірми виберуть конкуренцію за Курно. З ростом асиметрії ринків між фір- мами виникне конкуренція за Бертраном-Курно, коли одна фірма оголошує ціну, а інша – обсяг постачань. Конкуренція за Бертраном-Курно призведе до результату конкуренції за Бертраном. Висновки. У роботі показано, що споживчі надлишки і суспільний добробут завжди вище при конкуренції за Бертраном, незалежно від асиметрії ринків. Це означає, що інтереси фірм і споживачів збігаються у виборі оптимальних місць розташування фірм. Проте вибір виду конкуренції при відносно низькому рівні асиметрії розмірів ринків може відрізнятися.

Digital Environment for Regional Science Development: New Possibilities

The paper is about regional science as a special research area which contributes into the explanation of large-scale processes, on the one hand, and promotes the development of the certain region, on the other. Although the division of science according to the territorial criterion is still being neglected but some researchers, the present-day regional science now remains a significant and multi-dimensional subsystem of science. This paper deals with the empirical segment of regional science which differs from both theoretical and applied research the latter being inaccessible for common public. The article proposes the way to digitalize the empirical regional science by designing the special search and analytic system which mightsubsequently become incorporated into the interface of scientific electronic libraries. The shell of the system is seen as an interactive map representing Russian regions (and in perspective also macro-regions and municipal entities), to which relevant scientific publications will be assigned. The system could be used to define the degree, to which some research theme is developed on the example of certain regions. Hence the analysis of the research background should be most precise and meaningful. Besides, the search of scientific information concerning the certain region seems to be useful not only for researchers but also for those whogovern science. It will be possible for the powerholders to match regional problems with the ways to their solving proposed by the regional science. Also, the state and regional authorities will be able to declare the prioritized research themes on the basis of its true background and relevance. In the long run, the proposed search and analytic system could become the basis for the choice of a research theme – especially by the beginners – in a more fundamental fashion. This enables the science not only to remain a means of self-fulfillment for individual researchers but also become an effective tool for overwhelming interregional inequalities and improving the socioeconomic situation in regions.

Macroeconomics Meets regional science: How national economic activity is Related to regional economic activity

Macroeconomics and regional science have developed as separate disciplines. However, the fact that the gross domestic product is the sum of gross regional products suggests that the two disciplines are related. The present study considers the implications of regional science and economic geography for macroeconomics. Specifically, a spatial econometric model for Israel is simulated to explore the implications of regional productivity and amenity shocks for gross regional products and the gross domestic product. We show that the effects of productivity shocks on the gross domestic product depend on where they occur and may even be negative. These results question estimates of the effect of productivity shocks in macroeconomic models in terms of spatial aggregation bias. They also provide empirical evidence rejecting the spatial granularity hypothesis regarding the secular relation between macroeconomic economic activity and regional economic activity. The study concludes with speculations about the implications of macroeconomics for regional science.

THE EMERGENCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL ECONOMICS: AT THE CONTESTED BOUNDARIES OF ECONOMICS, GEOGRAPHY, AND REGIONAL SCIENCE

We explore disciplinary boundary-making in geographical economics or “the new economic geography” with attention to the approaches taken by, and attempts at communication among, scholars with primary affiliations in economics, geography, and regional science. The Dixit-Stiglitz general equilibrium approach to monopolistic competition and increasing returns was applied to agglomeration and location by Paul Krugman, who had previously pioneered the “new trade theory” building on the Dixit-Stiglitz model, and, independently and slightly earlier, by Masahisa Fujita and his student Heshem Abdel-Rahman, starting from regional science, a tradition with its own departments, doctorates, conferences, and journals distinct from economics and geography. Economic geography, as studied by geographers, had already taken a quantitative and theoretical turn in the 1960s, reviving an earlier tradition of German location theory overshadowed within geography after World War II by areal differentiation. Another strand of economic geography pursued by geographers was influenced by economic theory but by non-neoclassical Marxian and Sraffian economics. Debates between these scholars raised questions whether these analyses were multidisciplinary, drawing on distinct disciplines, or crossed disciplinary boundaries (as when geographical economics in the style of economists is undertaken in geography departments) or transcends disciplinary boundaries, or involved the emergence of a new discipline.

Collapsing landscapes? The regional science contribution to spatial understanding

Collapsing landscapes? The regional science contribution to spatial understanding