The Results of Exit Polls in Kansas to Verify Voting Machine Counts in the November 2016 Election

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Clarkson

Abstract Citizens’ exit polls are performed by local voters to verify the official reported election results. Five citizens’ exit polls were run in southeast Kansas during the Nov 8th 2016 election. These exit polls were designed specifically to verify computer generated vote counts and run solely by volunteer labor, all local citizens who were willing to put in the necessary hours on Election Day to conduct the poll and later, to count the results by hand. These exit polls were able to obtain high participation rates resulting in the ability to detect small yet statistically significant differences. All five polling stations surveyed show evidence of multiple statistical anomalies in both the pattern and size of the errors between the official results and exit poll results although biases were not uniformly oriented across sites. The small discrepancies found in the studied races were insufficient to alter the outcomes. Non-response bias and unintentional errors were evaluated as potential causes; those explanations were plausible in some but not all cases. These results show a pattern of discrepancies between the exit polls and computer counted results displaying consistent bias within sites. This would be an expected outcome of a deliberate manipulation of the computer results. While this data doesn’t conclusively prove election interference and manipulation of votes counts, it should be taken seriously as a sign of such interference. Doubts about the accuracy of the reported results are appropriate unless other plausible explanations for the discrepancies can be found.

Author(s):  
Daria Kozlova

This article discusses the general characteristics of the electoral system of Kazakhstan by the example of elections of the President of the Republic, the Senate of the Parliament of Kazakhstan and deputies of the Mazhilis. The features of dividing this system into majority and proportional are also disclosed. The article analyzes the features of the appointment and conduct of elections and the principles on which they are based. It is also shown how the active activity of the state in the field of legal education of young people and their familiarization with the electoral system affects the high participation rates of citizens in elections.


2016 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Bruun ◽  
Niels Wedderkopp ◽  
Christian Mølgaard ◽  
Henriette B Kyhl ◽  
Gitte Zachariassen ◽  
...  

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Marcos Chena Sinovas ◽  
María Luisa Rodríguez Hernández ◽  
Antonio Bores Cerezal

Abstract. Soccer is a complex sport that involves relatively high risks of injury. The high participation rates in soccer has increased the soccer-related injuries among the youth population. There are different physiological demands between playing positions, however a limited amount of studies about the incidence of injuries in soccer players of differing ages and playing position has been published. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, type, location and severity of injuries in young Spanish soccer players according to playing position in different age groups. There were 431 participants who were male soccer players between the ages of 7 and 23 and they were studied for a full season. All players were classified according to individual playing position: goalkeepers, external defenders, central defenders, central midfielders, external midfielders and forwards; and according to age groups: younger than or equal to 9 years, younger than or equal to 11 years, younger than or equal to 13 years, younger than or equal to 15 years, younger than or equal to 18 years, and younger than or equal to 23 years. Incidence of the typology, location and severity of injuries according to playing position for each to the age groups was different. Injury incidence demonstrated a growth trend according to age. Forwards sustained an incidence of injuries significantly greater compared with goalkeepers, central defenders, external defenders and external midfielders. In conclusion, injuries constitute a health threat. Knowledge of the epidemiology of injuries in young soccer players is very important in order to be able to develop appropriate preventive measures according to age groups and playing positions. Resumen. El fútbol es un deporte complejo que implica relativamente un alto riesgo de lesión. La alta tasa de participación en el fútbol ha aumentado el número de lesiones entre la población juvenil. Existen diferencias en las demandas fisiológicas según la demarcación de los jugadores sobre el terreno de juego, sin embargo, se ha publicado una cantidad limitada de estudios sobre la incidencia de lesiones en jugadores de fútbol de diferentes edades y la demarcación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la incidencia, la tipología, la localización y la severidad de las lesiones en futbolistas españoles jóvenes atendiendo a la demarcación sobre el terreno de juego en los diferentes grupos de edad. Participaron 431 futbolistas masculinos entre las edades de 7 y 23 años, los cuales fueron estudiados durante una temporada completa. Todos los jugadores fueron clasificados según su demarcación sobre el juego: porteros, defensas laterales, defensas centrales, mediocentros, centrocampistas externos y delanteros; y según grupos de edad: menores de 9 años, menores de 11 años, menores de 13 años, menores de 15 años, menores de 18 años, y menor de 23 años. La incidencia de la tipología, localización y severidad de las lesiones según la demarcación de los jugadores en cada grupo de edad fue diferente. Los delanteros sufrieron una incidencia de lesiones significativamente mayor en comparación con los porteros, defensas centrales, defensas laterales y centrocampistas externos. En conclusión, las lesiones constituyen una amenaza para la salud. El conocimiento de la epidemiología de las lesiones en futbolistas jóvenes es muy importante para poder desarrollar medidas preventivas apropiadas de acuerdo con las diferentes edades y según la demarcación sobre el terreno de juego.


2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Tolonen ◽  
Päivikki Koponen ◽  
Katja Borodulin ◽  
Satu Männistö ◽  
Markku Peltonen ◽  
...  

Aim: A high participation rate is considered as a prerequisite for representative survey results, especially when it is known that non-participation is selective. In many countries migration is increasing and the proportion of people speaking other language(s) than the official language(s) of the country is also increasing. How does this affect survey participation rates? Methods: Data from four cross-sectional health examination surveys (the FINRISK Study) were used to evaluate the effect of the registered mother tongue to participation in the survey. Results: Finland has two official languages (Finnish and Swedish). Between 1997 and 2012, the proportion of the population with some other language as their registered mother tongue has increased significantly. Participation rates in the health surveys have been highest among the Finnish language group (68% in men in 1997 and 76% in women in 1997), while lowest among the foreign language group (43% in men in 1997 and 57% in women in 1997). In 2012, the participation rates had declined in all language groups: for men, 58%, 62% and 41% for Finnish, Swedish and foreign groups respectively, and for women 68%, 75% and 56%. Conclusions: The participation rate for the foreign language group was significantly lower than for the Finnish and Swedish groups. In future surveys it will be important to include actions to promote participation, e.g. providing survey material in several languages. These actions will increase costs but will be essential to ensure high participation rates and reliable results for the total population.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stershic ◽  
Kritee Gujral

Online prediction markets are a powerful tool for aggregating information and show promise as predictive tools for uncertain outcomes, from sporting events to election results. However, these markets only serve as effective prediction tools so long as the market pricing remains efficient. We analyze the potential arbitrage profits derived from such mispricings in two leading American political prediction markets, PredictIt (for the 2016 and 2020 elections) and the Iowa Electronic Markets (for the 2016 election), to quantify the degree of mispricing and to show how market design can contribute to price distortion. We show that contracts hosted by PredictIt, compared to the IEM, are chronically mispriced, with large arbitrage profits in the 2016 election markets and non-negligible profits for the 2020 markets. We discuss the role of profit fees and contract limits, the primary differences between the PredictIt and IEM, in distorting pricing on PredictIt by limiting the ability of traders to capture arbitrage profits. Additionally, we examine the association between arbitrage and margin-linking, increased liquidity, and the number of unique contracts PredictIt's markets. This research provides cautionary evidence of potential inefficiencies in prediction markets with the intention of improving market implementation and enhancing market predictiveness.


Author(s):  
Alan J. Silman ◽  
Gary J. Macfarlane ◽  
Tatiana Macfarlane

There are two major reasons to maximize participation in an epidemiological study. Firstly, low participation can lead to bias and secondly, inadequate numbers recruited can limit the power of the study. All other things being equal, lower participation will increase the influence of non-response bias in a study. However, it should be noted that even in studies with high participation there exists a possibility of selection bias if non-participants are markedly different from participants in aspects that are key to the conditions being studied. There are several ways of boosting participation which should be embedded into the study design from the start, since chasing up to increase participation is resource-expensive.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document