scholarly journals Emissivity measurements on reflective insulation materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Adibekyan ◽  
Elena Kononogova ◽  
Jacques Hameury ◽  
Marcus Lauenstein ◽  
Christian Monte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Absolute Measurement ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Satellite Applications ◽  
Total Hemispherical Emissivity ◽  
Emissivity Measurements

Abstract The development and use of new thermal insulation products in many industrial sectors, ranging from building insulations to power generation or satellite applications, requires the accurate knowledge of the radiative properties of the investigated material, i. e. its emissivity. A major objective of the research project “Improvement of emissivity measurements on reflective insulation materials” within the framework of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research was to improve and validate reference techniques for the measurement of the total hemispherical emissivity of low emissivity foils with an absolute measurement uncertainty below 0.03. The calibration and measurement procedures developed within this project shall lead to a significant benefit for industrial manufacturers of reflective foils as well as for the end-users of the industrial instruments used to characterize them.

Emerging Energy Development Demands on Water

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Hightower
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Nuclear Power Development ◽  
Future Demands

Currently, electric power generation is one of the largest water withdrawal and use sectors in the U.S. Additionally, future energy development such as biofuels production, hydrogen fuel or synthetic fuels production, oil shale development, carbon sequestration, or nuclear power development could significantly increase water use and consumption. On the other hand, water resource development — distribution, treatment, and transmission — is one of the largest energy use sectors. As future demands for energy and water continue to increase, competition for water between the energy, domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors, could significantly impact the availability of water supplies for energy development, thus impacting reliability and security of future energy production and electric power generation. Therefore, it is critical that water and energy resources planning and development be integrated and coordinated across state and regional boundaries. This paper provides a short overview of the emerging energy-water challenges and issues identified in a recent series of national workshops on energy and water related issues as well as summarizing the research and development needs to address these emerging energy and water challenges.

Apparent Emissivity of Combustion Soot Aggregate Coating at High Temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai Ran Fu ◽  
Ji Bin Tian ◽  
Hua Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Spectral Emissivity ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Nickel Substrate ◽  
Soot Aggregate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Total Hemispherical Emissivity

Soot aggregates frequently occur during combustion or pyrolysis of fuels. The radiative properties of soot aggregates at high temperature are important for understanding soot characteristics and evaluating heat transfer in combustion systems. However, few data for soot radiative properties at high temperature were available. This work experimentally investigated the apparent emissivity of the soot aggregate coating at high temperature using spectral and total hemispherical measurements. The soot aggregate coatings were formed on nickel substrates by a paraffin flame. The surface and inner morphology of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thickness of the coating was 30.16 μm so the contribution of the smooth nickel substrate to the apparent radiation from the coating could be neglected. The total hemispherical emissivity of the coating on the nickel substrate was measured using the steady-state calorimetric method at different temperatures. The spectral directional emissivity of the coating was measured for the wavelength of 0.38–16.0 μm at the room temperature. The measurements show that the total hemispherical emissivity decreases from 0.895 to 0.746 as the temperature increases from 438 K to 1052 K. The total hemispherical emissivity of the coating deposited on the nickel substrate is much larger than those of the nickel substrate and a nickel oxidization film. The measured spectral emissivity of the coating at the room temperature was used to theoretically calculate the total hemispherical emissivity at different temperatures by integration with respect to wavelength. The measured and calculated total hemispherical emissivities were similar, but their changes relative to temperature were completely opposite. This difference is due to the fact that the spectral emissivity of the coating is a function of temperature. The present results provide useful reference data for analyzing radiative heat transfer at high temperature of soot aggregates in combustion processes.

scholarly journals c-Si PV cells emissivity characterization at low operating temperatures for efficiency management

2020 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 01044
Author(s):  
Raquel Fuente ◽  
Telmo Echániz ◽  
Iñigo González de Arrieta ◽  
Irene Urcelay-Olabarria ◽  
Manuel J. Tello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Infrared Emissivity ◽  
Thermal Radiative Properties ◽  
Si Solar Cells ◽  
Directional Emissivity ◽  
The University ◽  
Emissivity Measurements

Efficiency is a critical parameter for a solar cell to be successful and is closely related to the working temperature of the cell. In turn, the temperature can be related to the infrared emissivity, the parameter that governs the thermal radiative properties of a body. In particular, the importance of infrared emissivity in a solar cell is essential in passive cooling applications, where controlled radiative thermal losses could let the cell operate at lower temperatures, the range where they present higher efficiency. In this presentation, the emissivity of c-Si solar cells in the low temperature range (around 50 ºC) is discussed. Traditionally, it has been determined by indirect reflectivity measurements at ambient temperature and extrapolated to working temperatures, but here, a direct measurement is proposed. For an accurate value the measurements are performed in the high accuracy radiometer of the University of the Basque Country, which allows spectral directional emissivity measurements as a function of temperature.

Comparative study of radiometric and calorimetric methods for total hemispherical emissivity measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Monchau ◽  
Jacques Hameury ◽  
Patrick Ausset ◽  
Bruno Hay ◽  
Laurent Ibos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Calorimetric Methods ◽  
Total Hemispherical Emissivity ◽  
Emissivity Measurements

scholarly journals Characterization, calibration and validation of an industrial emissometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kononogova ◽  
Albert Adibekyan ◽  
Christian Monte ◽  
Jörg Hollandt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Hemispherical Total Emissivity ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Emissivity Measurement ◽  
Directional Total Emissivity ◽  
Emissivity Measurements ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Total Emissivity

Abstract. We report on the radiometric characterization and calibration of the TIR 100-2 (INGLAS Produktions GmbH, 2019) industrial emissometer. This instrument is used for handheld, on-site directional total emissivity measurements in industrial applications, e.g., the measurement of the emissivity of highly reflective thermal insulation materials. The diameter of the measurement field is determined by two different methods. The emissometer is calibrated with three different sets of low- and high-emissivity reference samples. Each calibration is validated by comparing the results of the TIR 100-2 to directional total emissivity results of the Emissivity Measurement in Air Facility (EMAF) at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin. Finally, the hemispherical total emissivity of highly reflective thermal insulation materials is determined using the TIR 100-2 according to the European Standard EN 12898, and, again, the results are validated with results obtained at the EMAF.

scholarly journals Power Generation Possibilities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Llagostera
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Economic Production

São Paulo is the Brazilian state with the largest economic production, the largest population and the largest industrial park of the country, with a participation in GDP of 36.6% (population: 34 million; area: 248,600 km2; urbane population: 92,8%; illiteracy: 10%; infantile mortality: 26.2/1000). Great part of the industry from São Paulo concentrates in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Nevertheless, in the interior several cities are becoming important in many industrial sectors. After 1930 São Paulo became the vanguard of the Brazilian modernization. Concurrently with the agricultural expansion the state had an extraordinary industrial development. Channeling the great flows of investments of the American and European multinationals and the great internal migratory currents, São Paulo increased its population vastly, it diversified its social structure and it consolidated its economic power. However, the poverty of a great part of its population is a severe social problem. The State of São Paulo, in 1995, consumed 82.9 TWh of electricity, with the consumption of the industrial sector of 39.6 TWh. In that same year Brazil consumed a total of 249.9 TWh, and of this total value, 118.0 TWh was consumed by the industrial sector. By analyzing the evolution tendencies of energy consumption in São Paulo in the last years, it is possible to identify important aspects of the energetic development of this State, particularly in relation to the perspectives of natural gas utilization in gas turbines for power generation.

scholarly journals Software solution for control and data acquisition in the pulse calorimetry method

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Babic ◽  
Nenad Milosevic ◽  
Nenad Stepanic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Spectral Emissivity ◽  
Normal Spectral Emissivity ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Labview Platform ◽  
Total Hemispherical Emissivity ◽  
Emissivity Measurements

This work presents a software solution for adjusting, controlling, displaying, and acquiring parameters and data in the pulse calorimetry experimental technique for specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, total hemispherical emissivity, and normal spectral emissivity measurements. The software has been developed under the LabVIEW platform, V.7.11, and an example of its application with measurement results is presented in a separate section. The total expanded uncertainty of obtained results for the specific heat capacity and electrical resistivity of palladium was 5% and 1 - 2%, respectively.

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