Phytochemical Examination of Oils Obtained from the Fruit of Mille Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner) by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Szentmihályi ◽  
Mária Then ◽  
Vendel Illés ◽  
Sándor Perneczky ◽  
Zoltán Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Significant Difference

Supercritical fluid extraction (solvent: CO2 and propane) was used for mild recovery of fatty oil of mille thistle fruit (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner). Fatty acid compounds (palmic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid), coloring content (expressed in pheophytin and carotene), tocopherol content and concentrations of some metals (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd,Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Ti, V, Zn), boron and sulfur were determined from oils and compared with oil obtained by Soxhlet extraction. There is significant difference between supercritical oil and traditional oil in the quantity of bioactive compounds and elements. The ratio of bioactive components and elements of oils changed during the extraction. Supercritical oils have higher concentration of C18:1 oleic acid, C18:3 linolenic acid, C20:0 and C22:0 behenic acid than the oil gained by Soxhlet extraction. The oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction at 80 bar and 25 °C with propane has the highest coloring content. Our paper is the first report to be published on element concentrations of mille thistle oils. Accumulation of some heavy metals can be observed in almost each oil sample.

scholarly journals Optimization of co-solvent addition in supercritical fluid extraction of fat with carbon dioxide

2011 ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Ivanov ◽  
Radmilo Colovic ◽  
Bojana Beljkas ◽  
Jovanka Levic ◽  
Slavica Sredanovic
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Total Fat

This investigation is concerned with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2, as an analytical technique for total fat extraction from food and feed samples. Its most significant advantages are safety, cleanness, and shorter extraction time. The main limitation of this technique includes the difficulty of extracting polar lipids due to the non-polar character of the solvent (CO2) used for the extraction. The influence of ethanol as a co-solvent on the SFE of mash pig feed was investigated in this paper. Total fat content was determined by SFE and Soxhlet method for ten commercially available mesh pig feeds. Yields of the fat extracted by both methods were plotted one against the other and compared. Statistically significant difference (p ? 0.05) has been found only between the total fat obtained by the Soxhlet extraction and SFE by pure CO2. Based on the mathematical model, maximum yield of the extracted fat is achieved at an ethanol addition of 0.67 ml/g of sample, when the other parameters are the same as recommended by the producer?s procedure.

scholarly journals Isolation of Chloramphenicol from Whole Eggs by Supercritical Fluid Extraction with In-Line Collection

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Pensabene ◽  
Walter Fiddler ◽  
Dan J Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Egg consumption, at more than 65 billion per year in the United States, represents a potentially significant source of exposure to drug residues, particularly if the laying hens are treated with antimicrobial compounds or fed a diet containing medicated feed. Residues resulting from the use of chloramphenicol (CAP) is especially problematic if this compound is not used in accordance with national registration, e.g., for the control of Salmonella microorganisms in poultry. The most commonly used methods for the determination of CAP in biological samples require the use of large amounts of organic solvent. As a result, a less solvent intensive supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for CAP in whole chicken eggs, and the results were compared with those for a solvent extraction procedure. In the SFE method, the egg sample is extracted with supercritical CO2 (without a modifier) at 10 000 psi (680 bar), 80°C, and an expanded gas flow rate of 3.0 L/min to a total volume of 150 L. The CAP is trapped in-line on a Florisil sorbent bed. The CAP is eluted post-SFE by using the liquid chromatographic mobile phase solvent (water-methanol), and determined on a C8 column with ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. Recovery from eggs fortified at the 10 ppb level (n = 6) was 81.2 ± 4.3%. To obtain eggs containing incurred CAP, hens were given a single daily dose of 75 mg CAP (orally by gelatin capsule) for 2 consecutive days, and the eggs were collected over a 12-day period. The mean value for “normally incurred” CAP in the eggs (n = 17) analyzed by SFE ranged from none detected to 174.5 ppb, with an overall mean of 60.5 ppb, compared with a mean of 60.4 ppb for the solvent extraction method. No significant difference in results was found between methods. However, the SFE method is more rapid, uses less solvent, and gives recoveries similar to those for the solvent extraction method, making it ideal for regulatory monitoring.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Extraction as an Alternative to Soxhlet, Sonication, and Supercritical Fluid Extraction

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Lopez-A Vila ◽  
Richard Young ◽  
Nataly Teplitsky
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), Soxhlet, soni cation, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were compared in their ability to extract 95 compounds listed in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 8250. Freshly spiked soil samples and 2 standard reference materials were extracted with hexane-acetone (1 + 1) by MAE and Soxhlet extraction, with methylene chloride-acetone (1 + 1) by sonication extraction, and with supercritical carbondioxide modified with 10% methanol by SFE. Results indicate that MAE is a promising extraction technique. Of 94 compounds for which we are reporting data, 51 compounds gave MAE recoveries of >80%; 33,50-79%; 8,20-49%; and 2, <19%. Soxhlet extraction gave very similar results: 50 recoveries were >80%; 32,50-79%; 8,20-49%; and 4, <19%. Sonica tion recoveries were slightly higher: 63 values were >80%; 25,50-79%; 4,20-49%; and 2, <19%. SFE recoveries were the lowest: 37 values were >80%; 37, 50-79%; 12,20-49%, and 8, <19%. MAE gave the best precision: relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <10% for 90 of 94 compounds. Soxhlet extraction gave the worst precision: only 52 of 94 samples gave RSDs ≤10%. Although MAE looks promising, 15 polar basic compounds extracted at 115°C with hexane acetone for 10 min (1000 W power) gave poor recoveries. Because no technique gave acceptable recoveries for these polar compounds, we investigated their extraction with MAE using acetonitrile at 50° and 115°C. Ten of the 15 compounds were quantitatively recovered (>70%) with acetonitrile at 115°C.

scholarly journals Effect of Supercritical Fluid Extraction on the Reduction of Toxic Elements in Fish Oil Compared with Other Extraction Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
PARVANEH HAJEB ◽  
JINAP SELAMAT ◽  
LEILI AFSAH-HEJRI ◽  
NOR AINY MAHYUDIN ◽  
SHAHRAM SHAKIBAZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Low Levels

High-quality fish oil for human consumption requires low levels of toxic elements. The aim of this study was to compare different oil extraction methods to identify the most efficient method for extracting fish oil of high quality with the least contamination. The methods used in this study were Soxhlet extraction, enzymatic extraction, wet reduction, and supercritical fluid extraction. The results showed that toxic elements in fish oil could be reduced using supercritical CO2 at a modest temperature (60°C) and pressure (35 MPa) with little reduction in the oil yield. There were significant reductions in mercury (85 to 100%), cadmium (97 to 100%), and lead (100%) content of the fish oil extracted using the supercritical fluid extraction method. The fish oil extracted using conventional methods contained toxic elements at levels much higher than the accepted limits of 0.1 μg/g.

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