Hydroxamic Acids in Secale cereale L. and the Relationship with their Antifeedant and Allelopathic Properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia V. Copaja ◽  
Elisa Villarroel ◽  
Héctor R. Bravo ◽  
Lorena Pizarro ◽  
Víctor H. Argandoñ
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cyclic Hydroxamic Acid

AbstractContents of the hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA), and 2,4- dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) in leaves and roots of 14 cultivars of rye, Secale cereale L., were determined. Dynamics of accumulation in three cultivars were evaluated. DIBOA was the main cyclic hydroxamic acid in leaves but the contents differed significantly between the cultivars. Both DIBOA and DIMBOA were present in the roots. Maximum concentration of DIBOA in leaves and DIMBOA in roots was reached between 48-54 h and 54-72 h after germination, respectively. Antifeedant activity of DIBOA towards the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi and the feeding behavior were studied by electronic recording in barley leaves treated with different contents of DIBOA. The deleterious activity of DIBOA could arise by starvation and/or a toxic effect. Additionally, allelopathic potential of pure DIBOA and aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of rye (Tetra-Baer) on the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and rye (Tetra-Baer) seeds was evaluated. A high percentage of germination inhibition of pure DIBOA and the extracts of leaves and roots was observed. The activity is in agreement with the contents of hydroxamic acids in the plants. The substrates had no allelopathic effect on rye seeds.

Relationship between extract viscosity and kernel size in winter rye

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
G. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Kernel Width ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Rye (Secale cereale L.) grain with low extract viscosity (EV) and superior kernel characteristics is desired when used in diets of monogastric animals. Knowledge of the relationship between EV and kernel characteristics is needed to develop an efficient selection strategy for breeding cultivars that meet the two criteria. Grains of 11 open-pollinated population varieties/lines grown in 21 environments were studied to determine the relationship between EV and kernel weight (KWT) among genotypes and environmental effects. Grains of eight out of the eleven varieties/lines were screened into five kernel-size categories, <2.0, 2.0–2.4, 2.4–2.8, 2.8–3.2, >3.2 mm in kernel width, to determine the relationship between EV and kernel width within a genotype. EV was a linear function of KWT; high KWT is indicative of low EV. The degree of the relationship was affected by environment. For example, grains grown at Swift Current had a stronger relationship between EV and KWT than those from Lacombe (b = −1.67 vs. −0.31). For the grain from Swift Current, 60% of variability in EV was attributable to KWT, while for the grain from Lacombe only ≈ 20% of variability in EV was explainable by KWT. Among the various kernel-width categories within a genotype, 60 to 98% of variability in EV was attributable to kernel width, with some genotypes responding to a greater degree than others. In development of winter rye cultivars low in extract viscosity, breeders could combine kernel weight/width into the selection strategy to enhance the selection progress or use kernel weight/width as a reference in selection of extract viscosity trait. Key words: Pentosans, arabinoxylans, kernel weight, Secale cereale

scholarly journals Erratum to: Structural characteristics of ScBx genes controlling the biosynthesis of hydroxamic acids in rye (Secale cereale L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
Beata Bakera ◽  
Bogna Makowska ◽  
Jolanta Groszyk ◽  
Michał Niziołek ◽  
Wacław Orczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Secale Cereale L

scholarly journals Structural characteristics of ScBx genes controlling the biosynthesis of hydroxamic acids in rye (Secale cereale L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bakera ◽  
Bogna Makowska ◽  
Jolanta Groszyk ◽  
Michał Niziołek ◽  
Wacław Orczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Secale Cereale L

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds with Allelopathic Potential of Secale cereale L. and Raphanus sativus L. Grown Under an Agroecological No-Tillage System

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SOUZA ◽  
J.J. COMIN ◽  
C. KURTZ ◽  
P.E. LOVATO ◽  
A.P. LIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: The identification of compounds with allelopathic potential produced by cover crops can assist in selecting species for weed management purposes in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to identify the main phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential in the shoot of rye (Secale cereale L.) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crops, as well as evaluate whether the cultivation system and phenological stage may influence secondary metabolite production and weed emergence. Samples of the shoot of these cover crops were collected at 60, 80, and 100 days after sowing (DAS) and 15 and 30 days after lodging (DAL) under field conditions. Weed emergence was evaluated at 45, 75, and 100 DAL of cover crops. The main compounds in rye were 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) under monocropping and intercropping, while flavonoid quercetin was found in oilseed radish at all evaluated times. During the growing cycle, the highest contents of phenolic compounds were found at the elongation stage (60 DAS) of rye under monocropping and intercropping systems (9.33 and 8.22 mg g-1 DM, respectively) and at grain filling stage (100 DAS) for oilseed radish intercropped with rye and black oat (3.24 and 3.83 mg g-1 DM, respectively). No differences were found in the contents of the main compounds when the species was grown under monocropping or intercropping systems. A reduction in the contents of MBOA, BOA, and quercetin was observed after lodging. Weed dry matter production was lower at 45 DAL in all treatments with rye and oilseed radish residues when compared to the control. The intercropping of rye with oilseed radish is an alternative management for weed control in agroecological systems due to the physical barrier created by these species and the presence of phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential.

The effect of telomeric heterochromatin on the frequency of aneuploids in triticale (× Triticosecale)

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dillé ◽  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
M. D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the frequency of aneuploids and blocks of telomeric heterochromatin on rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes in a triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) background was investigated. Lines with or without blocks of telomeric heterochromatin were examined to determine the percentage of aneuploid progeny. The results showed that the amount of telomeric heterochromatin present on rye chromosomes 4R and 6R had little effect (2%) on lowering the proportion of aneuploids. When rye chromosome pair 2R was replaced by wheat chromosome 2D in the presence of chromosomes 4R and 6R lacking heterochromatin, the percentage of aneuploids increased slightly (2.7%) over that found in the control population.

N-banding analysis of rye chromosomes and the relationship between N-banded and C-banded heterochromatin

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schlegel ◽  
B. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Identification ◽  
Nonhistone Proteins ◽  
Banding Analysis ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
C And N ◽  
The Relationship

Three of the seven chromosomes of rye (Secale cereale L.) 2R, 3R, and 6R have been identified individually by their N-banding pattern. Each of the N-banded chromosomes possesses a single band which is seen as one dot on each chromatid. Although the bands correspond with particular intercalary C-bands, they were found to be different from the remaining C-bands by sequential C- and N-banding analysis and thus reveal the heterogeneity of rye heterochromatin. It is described as C-banding and N-banding positive heterochromatin (C+N+). Similar to wheat and barley, the N-bands in rye appear to correspond to sites of (GAA)m (GAG)n sequence satellite DNA. In chromosome identification, the N-bands can be used as additional markers for the long arm of chromosome 2R (2RL), the short arm of chromosome 3R (3RS), and the long arm of chromosome 6R (6RL).Key words: heterochromatin, nonhistone proteins, banding, wheat–rye addition lines, rye.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Secale Cereale Cultivars and Its Relationship with Seeding Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Eun Soo Seong ◽  
Ill Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effect of Secale cereale cultivars on different weeds that grow in the cultivated fields of Perilla frutescens. Two S. cereale cultivars, Paldong and Singhi, were used to test the allelopathic effect on in vitro grown Digitaria ciliaris, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, Pinellia ternata and Commelina communis. The results indicated that S. cereale extracts affect callus growth of weeds in terms of fresh weight and percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibitory effects of both S. cereale cultivars combined with grass cover extracts were higher than using grass weeds alone. Concentrations of all identified phenolic compounds were significantly higher in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Particularly, syringic acid in leaves extract of the Paldong cultivar were 12.87-fold higher than in the Singhi cultivar. The other predominant phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were 3.30, 4.63, 3.11, and 1.28 times higher, respectively, in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that the composition of phenolic compounds was significantly related to cultivar types and plant parts used. In addition, biomass increase caused increased weed inhibitory capacity of S. cereale both in tillage and no-tillage regimes. These results suggest that the biomass of cover crops negatively influenced weed density.

Crop infestation by aphids is related to flight activity detected with 75 metre high suction traps

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens ◽  
J.D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Suction

The flight activity of aphid pests of wheat potato lettuce and squash is currently monitored in New Zealand using 75 m suction traps However there has been little research comparing aphid suction trap catches with crop infestation levels The relationship between the average number of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled from wheat plants and the average number of aphids caught in weekly 75 m suction trap samples was examined A significant positive relationship indicated that numbers of aphids caught in suction traps reflected the numbers of aphids infesting wheat fields In another experiment potato aphid flights (mostly Myzus persicae) caught in a 75 m suction trap were compared with a nearby windvane trap Aphid numbers in both traps reflected similar trends However the suction trap caught approximately 10 times more aphids than the windvane trap Thus 75 m suction traps provide a useful tool for assessing aphid infestation levels in crops

Effet antioxydant et antihyperglycémiant du seigle (Secale cereale L.) et du sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) chez le rat Wistar rendu diabétique

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S273-S283
Author(s):  
Z. Mami-Soualem ◽  
N. Brixi ◽  
C. Beghdad ◽  
M. Belarbi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Stress Oxydant ◽  
Habitudes Alimentaires ◽  
Diabète Sucré ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Vitamine C ◽  
Fibres Alimentaires ◽  
Peroxydation Lipidique ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Le changement des habitudes alimentaires au cours de ces dernières années a abouti à l’apparition des maladies dites de civilisation, parmi elles le diabète sucré. Des approches diétothérapeutiques privilégient la consommation des produits céréaliers sous la forme la plus complète possible. Ce travail a pour but de tester l’efficacité des régimes expérimentaux préparés à base des grains complets des deux céréales, le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) et le seigle (Secale cereale L.), sur la correction de l’hyperglycémie et des marqueurs du stress oxydant associés au diabète chez le rat mâle Wistar. Les résultats montrent que les rats diabétiques, soumis au régime seigle pendant quatre semaines, présentent une diminution significative de la glycémie qui atteint les 53,95 % à la fin de l’expérimentation, ce qui fait que leur taux en glycémie se rapproche de celui des normoglycémiques. Le sorgho blanc présente, d’une part, une diminution significative de la peroxydation lipidique intracellulaire et, d’autre part, une augmentation de l’activité de la glutathion peroxydase, la glutathion réductase ainsi que la vitamine C. Ces approches méthodologiques peuvent, en améliorant la connaissance de l’importance des céréales (fibres alimentaires solubles et des polyphénols) dans l’évolution du diabète, aboutir à des recommandations et à une éducation nutritionnelle du diabétique.

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