scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds with Allelopathic Potential of Secale cereale L. and Raphanus sativus L. Grown Under an Agroecological No-Tillage System

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SOUZA ◽  
J.J. COMIN ◽  
C. KURTZ ◽  
P.E. LOVATO ◽  
A.P. LIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: The identification of compounds with allelopathic potential produced by cover crops can assist in selecting species for weed management purposes in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to identify the main phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential in the shoot of rye (Secale cereale L.) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crops, as well as evaluate whether the cultivation system and phenological stage may influence secondary metabolite production and weed emergence. Samples of the shoot of these cover crops were collected at 60, 80, and 100 days after sowing (DAS) and 15 and 30 days after lodging (DAL) under field conditions. Weed emergence was evaluated at 45, 75, and 100 DAL of cover crops. The main compounds in rye were 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) under monocropping and intercropping, while flavonoid quercetin was found in oilseed radish at all evaluated times. During the growing cycle, the highest contents of phenolic compounds were found at the elongation stage (60 DAS) of rye under monocropping and intercropping systems (9.33 and 8.22 mg g-1 DM, respectively) and at grain filling stage (100 DAS) for oilseed radish intercropped with rye and black oat (3.24 and 3.83 mg g-1 DM, respectively). No differences were found in the contents of the main compounds when the species was grown under monocropping or intercropping systems. A reduction in the contents of MBOA, BOA, and quercetin was observed after lodging. Weed dry matter production was lower at 45 DAL in all treatments with rye and oilseed radish residues when compared to the control. The intercropping of rye with oilseed radish is an alternative management for weed control in agroecological systems due to the physical barrier created by these species and the presence of phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential.

scholarly journals Weed Emergence in a Soil with Cover Crops in an Agroecological No-Tillage System

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SOUZA ◽  
V. MÜLLER JR. ◽  
C. KURTZ ◽  
G. BRUNETTO ◽  
R.R. COUTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: The cultivation and deposition of cover crops residues on the soil surface can reduce weed emergence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of weeds, in a greenhouse, on a soil with cover crops in an agroecological no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with soil samples from an experiment installed in Ituporanga (Santa Catarina state). On April 2010 and 2011, the following field treatments were implemented: weed vegetation (VE), Hordeum vulgare (2010)/Avena strigosa (2011) (CV/AV), Secale cereale (CE), Raphanus sativus (NF), Secale cereale + Raphanus sativus (NF+CE) and Hordeum vulgare/Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus (NF+AV). After the rotation of the species, the soil samples were collected in July. The identification of the species and the emergence assessment occurred 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after the beginning of the experiment. The species with the highest incidence were: Amaranthus lividus, Oxalis spp., Cyperus spp., Stachys arvensis, Cynodon spp. and Rumex obtusifolius. Residues from single species of Secale cereale, Avena strigosa and Hordeum vulgare have shown the greatest ability to suppress weeds during the first 45 evaluation days; this corresponds to the beginning of the critical period in the onion development.

scholarly journals Methods of preparing aqueous extract and bioactivity of Mentha spicata L. on Raphanus sativus L. seeds

Acta Iguazu ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pereira Xavier ◽  
Andrea Pires ◽  
Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽  
Gabriela Silva Moura ◽  
Gilmar Franzener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Physiological Quality

The plant interaction knowledge can be applied in several sectors in agriculture such as crop rotation, weed management, green manure and the use of cover crops. Studies on the allelopathic potential of certain plants have been carried out with the application of vegetable extracts on the seeds of a sensitive plant, however, a consensus has not been reached regarding the best way to prepare such extracts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of methods of extraction of allelopathic compounds and the bioactivity of different concentrations of the Mentha spicata L. aqueous extract on Raphanus sativus L. seeds. A completely randomized design was used in a 5x4 factorial scheme with four replications and four extraction methods (infusion, grinding in a blender, drying at 40 °C and 70 °C) and five concentrations (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%). The variables investigated were: phenolic compounds quantification, germination, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), radish shoot and root length. The extract presenting the highest amount of phenolic compounds was prepared via infusion (724.36 µg/mL), followed by drying at 40 °C (605.07 µg/mL), blending (594.12 µg/mL) and drying at 70 °C (529.36 µg/mL). The Mentha spicata L. aqueous extracts interfered in the radish seed physiological quality, by inhibiting germination, GSI and MGT increase, mainly when in higher concentrations. There was a directly proportional relation between the quantity of phenolic compounds extracted through different extraction methods and the interference in the physiological quality of the radish seeds.

scholarly journals Potencial alelopático de plantas de cobertura verde de inverno sobre o crescimento do porta-enxerto VR043-43

Revista CERES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Carlos Bettoni ◽  
João Peterson Pereira Gardin ◽  
Nelson Pires Feldberg ◽  
Marco Antonio Dalbó
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Nos últimos anos, tem-se verificado aumento no uso da adubação verde de inverno na cultura da videira. Essa adubação proporciona ao vinhedo melhor controle da erosão e manutenção da fertilidade, aumento da macro e microporosidade do solo pela penetração e decomposição das raízes e aumento do teor de matéria orgânica, além da possibilidade de diminuição do uso de herbicidas. Algumas espécies vêm sendo utilizadas, mesmo sem se conhecerem os efeitos secundários para a videira, e poucos trabalhos têm sido realizados para avaliação desses efeitos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito alelopático de diferentes espécies de plantas de cobertura verde de inverno sobre o desenvolvimento do porta-enxerto VR 043-43. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 19 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram preparados extratos das partes aérea e radicular de nove espécies, utilizadas como cobertura verde de inverno. As estacas enraizadas foram colocadas em vasos com areia e, durante 45 dias, duas vezes por semana, foram regadas com solução aquosa de cada extrato e fertilizante. Após esse período, foi avaliado o comprimento das raízes, o número de raízes por estaca, a matéria fresca do sistema radicular e a matéria fresca das brotações. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que, dentre os extratos das espécies estudadas, o que apresentou maior efeito alelopático foi o extrato da parte aérea da gorga (Spergula arvensis), seguido pelo extrato da parte aérea do dente-de-leão (Taraxacum officinale L.). O centeio (Secale cereale L.) e o nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) não apresentaram efeito alelopático.

scholarly journals Fitomassa e decomposição de resíduos de plantas de cobertura puras e consorciadas

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1714-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Doneda ◽  
Celso Aita ◽  
Sandro José Giacomini ◽  
Ezequiel Cesar Carvalho Miola ◽  
Diego Antonio Giacomini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

O cultivo de plantas de cobertura, no outono/inverno, na região do Planalto do Rio Grande Sul contribui para o sucesso do sistema plantio direto. No entanto, informações relativas à produção de fitomassa e decomposição de resíduos dessas espécies ainda são escassas para a região, sobretudo para espécies consorciadas. O experimento foi conduzido em Não-Me-Toque, RS, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, avaliando-se nove tratamentos, sendo quatro constituídos por plantas de cobertura em culturas puras [centeio (Secale cereale L.), aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb), ervilha forrageira (Pisum sativum subesp. arvense) e nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg)] e cinco por consórcios [(centeio + ervilha forrageira, centeio + nabo forrageiro, aveia + nabo forrageiro, centeio + ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.) e aveia + ervilhaca)]. A dinâmica de decomposição dos resíduos culturais das plantas de cobertura foi avaliada em bolsas de decomposição, as quais foram distribuídas na superfície do solo e coletadas aos sete, 14, 21, 28, 57, 117 e 164 dias. O consórcio entre leguminosas e crucífera com gramíneas resultou em maior produção de fitomassa em relação ao cultivo destas em culturas puras. O nitrogênio (N) acumulado na parte aérea dos consórcios formados por ervilha forrageira e nabo com centeio e aveia foi semelhante ao da leguminosa e da crucífera em culturas puras e superou em 220,4 % os valores de N observados para as gramíneas em culturas puras. Por meio do consórcio entre as espécies de cobertura foi possível reduzir a taxa de decomposição dos resíduos culturais, em comparação com as culturas puras da leguminosa e da crucífera.

NO-TILL ALFALFA ESTABLISHMENT AS INFLUENCED BY PREVIOUS COVER CROP

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. WOLF ◽  
E. S. HAGOOD Jr. ◽  
M. LENTNER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
No Till ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Conventional tillage was compared with no tillage for establishing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the residue of previous cover crops. The influences of planting methods and interim cover crops were studied near Blacksburg, Virginia. Alfalfa was seeded (a) in late March into a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, (b) in late April after a rye cover crop was harvested for silage, and (c) in late August into stubble left after removing millet (Setaria italica L.) as hay. Millet for the summer cover crop was planted after a rye cover crop was removed for silage. Alfalfa yields in the year after establishment showed no-till plantings to be equal to conventional planting methods. Previous cover crop did not affect alfalfa yields in the year after establishment. Alfalfa was successfully established into residue from rye and millet. Conditions were ideal for late August plantings after removing Millet for hay. Alfalfa stands were weed-free. These data indicate that alfalfa can be established with no-tillage methods into residue from interim cover crops such as rye and millet and will provide good conservation practices.Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), rye, Secale cereale L., no-till, erosion control

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Secale Cereale Cultivars and Its Relationship with Seeding Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Eun Soo Seong ◽  
Ill Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effect of Secale cereale cultivars on different weeds that grow in the cultivated fields of Perilla frutescens. Two S. cereale cultivars, Paldong and Singhi, were used to test the allelopathic effect on in vitro grown Digitaria ciliaris, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, Pinellia ternata and Commelina communis. The results indicated that S. cereale extracts affect callus growth of weeds in terms of fresh weight and percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibitory effects of both S. cereale cultivars combined with grass cover extracts were higher than using grass weeds alone. Concentrations of all identified phenolic compounds were significantly higher in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Particularly, syringic acid in leaves extract of the Paldong cultivar were 12.87-fold higher than in the Singhi cultivar. The other predominant phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were 3.30, 4.63, 3.11, and 1.28 times higher, respectively, in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that the composition of phenolic compounds was significantly related to cultivar types and plant parts used. In addition, biomass increase caused increased weed inhibitory capacity of S. cereale both in tillage and no-tillage regimes. These results suggest that the biomass of cover crops negatively influenced weed density.

Isolation of the constituents and evaluation of allelopathic potential of Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
LLR Fiorucci ◽  
GC Mantovanelli ◽  
DI Bernardi ◽  
AA Silva ◽  
RS de Oliveira Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L

scholarly journals Planting Alfalfa with Cover Crops on Forage Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Values of Alfalfa

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Doohong Min ◽  
Iryna McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Winter Annual

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of planting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with- and without cover crops on forage dry matter yield and nutritive values of alfalfa in Kansas, USA. In the first production year 2014, dry matter yield of mono-culture alfalfa appears to be compatible or even higher than planting with certain species of winter annual forages as a cover crop. Alfalfa planted with a combination of four different multi-species winter annual forages such as oats (Avena sativa L.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumL.), and turnip (Brassica rapa L.) had the highest dry matter yield of alfalfa in 2014.Dry matter yield of alfalfa in 2nd production year 2015 was similar to alfalfa + oats and alfalfa + oats + oilseed radish + annual ryegrass + turnip or significantly higher than alfalfa planted with annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and turnip together. Based on two year of data in 2014 and 2015, the highest alfalfa yield occurred when alfalfa was planted with a combination of oats, oilseed radish, annual ryegrass, and turnip. The lowest dry matter yield of alfalfa occurred when alfalfa was planted with annual ryegrass.No significant differences in crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were found when comparing alfalfa monoculture with alfalfa + oats, alfalfa + oilseed radish, alfalfa + oats + oilseed radish + annual ryegrass + turnip, and alfalfa + turnip treatments. When considering both dry matter and nutritive values of alfalfa, planting alfalfa with cover crops appears to be compatible or better practice than planting alfalfa monoculture.

scholarly journals EFECTO ALEPOPÁTICO DE TRES EXTRACTOS VEGETALES SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) EN EL PERÚ

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Water Treatments

EFECTO ALEPOPÁTICO DE TRES EXTRACTOS VEGETALES SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) EN EL PERÚ ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF THREE PLANTS EXTRACTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) IN PERÚ Hildebrando Ayala & Rafael La Rosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2007.0007/ RESUMEN El uso de plantas con actividad alelopática en la actualidad resulta de gran importancia  porque nos permite el desarrollo de una agricultura rentable y no contaminante del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la acción de extractos acuosos de ajo (Allium sativum L, Liliaceae), palta (Persea americana Mill, Lauraceae) y ruda (Ruta graveolens L, Rutaceae) sobre el desarrollo de la hortaliza rabanito (Raphanus sativus L, Brassicaceae). Los extractos se prepararon a partir de bulbos de A. sativum, semilla de P. americana y hojas y flores de R. graveolens a los cuales triturados se le adiciona agua hervida. Los tratamientos fueron extractos puros al (20% p/v). El diseño fue completamente aleatorizado con 4 repeticiones. Se determino peso fresco (g), peso seco (g), longitud de raíz (cm), longitud área (cm) y área foliar(cm2). Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA y Test de Tukey para la comparación de medias. Los resultados alcanzados muestran de que no existe efectos significativos en comparación con el control, del potencial alelopático de los extractos acuosos evaluados bajo condiciones controladas. Palabras claves: Extractos acuosos, semillas, hojas, flores, bulbos, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Ruta graveolens. ABSTRACT The use of plants with allelopathic activity nowadays is very important because it allows us to develop a profitable agriculture and non-polluting the environment. The objective of this work was to study the action of aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L, Liliaceae), avocado (Persea americana Mill, Lauraceae) and rough (Ruta graveolens L, Rutaceae) on the development of vegetable radish (Raphanus sativus L, Brassicaceae). The extracts were prepared from A. sativum bulbs, P. americana seeds and R. graveolens leaves and flowers to which he adds crushed boiled water. Treatments were the pure extracts (20% w / v). The design was completely randomized with 4 repetitions. It was found fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), root length (cm) long area (cm) and leaf area (cm2 ). The data was analyzed with Anova and Tukey test for the comparison of averages. The results show that there is no significant effects compared to the control of allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts tested under controlled conditions. Keywords: Aqueous extracts, seed, leaves, flowers, bulbs, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Ruta graveolens.

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