scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Secale Cereale Cultivars and Its Relationship with Seeding Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Eun Soo Seong ◽  
Ill Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effect of Secale cereale cultivars on different weeds that grow in the cultivated fields of Perilla frutescens. Two S. cereale cultivars, Paldong and Singhi, were used to test the allelopathic effect on in vitro grown Digitaria ciliaris, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, Pinellia ternata and Commelina communis. The results indicated that S. cereale extracts affect callus growth of weeds in terms of fresh weight and percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibitory effects of both S. cereale cultivars combined with grass cover extracts were higher than using grass weeds alone. Concentrations of all identified phenolic compounds were significantly higher in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Particularly, syringic acid in leaves extract of the Paldong cultivar were 12.87-fold higher than in the Singhi cultivar. The other predominant phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were 3.30, 4.63, 3.11, and 1.28 times higher, respectively, in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that the composition of phenolic compounds was significantly related to cultivar types and plant parts used. In addition, biomass increase caused increased weed inhibitory capacity of S. cereale both in tillage and no-tillage regimes. These results suggest that the biomass of cover crops negatively influenced weed density.

scholarly journals Rye (Secale cereale L.) and squarrose clover (Trifolium squarrosum L.) cover crops can increase their allelopathic potential for weed control when used mixed as dead mulch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Abou Chehade ◽  
Carolina G. Puig ◽  
Carlos Souto ◽  
Daniele Antichi ◽  
Marco Mazzoncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Better Than

Cover crops are essential tools in agroecosystems for reducing the reliance on synthetic inputs and associated environmental risks. Alongside their benefits to soil fertility, cover crops can control weeds by their competitive and allelopathic attributes. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of two cover crop species, rye (Secale cereale L.) and squarrose clover (Trifolium squarrosum L.), alone or in  mixture, on seed germination and growth of arable weeds. Aqueous extracts of the two cover crops and their mixture were tested in a bioassay on Conyza canadensis (L). Cronq., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. In vitro effects of aqueous extracts varied in a dose-dependent manner, with cover crops and weed species. All three extracts were able to reduce the germination of A. retroflexus (-87%) considerably. Inhibitory effects by rye and mixture extracts on radicle growth of all weed species ranged between 51 and 82%.  Rye extract was the best at reducing shoot length of C. canadensis and D. sanguinalis (-39 to 44%), while squarrose clover was more effective on A. retroflexus (-79%). Plant extracts also delayed the germination time of weed species with substantial effect of the mixture on C. canadensisseeds. In the field experiment, no significant weed suppression was provided by cover crop residues incorporated as green manure compared to control plots, despite tillage being more effective in reducing weed density. Still, the cover crop mixture mulch controlled weed emergence significantly better than single cover crop mulches. The chemical characterization of cover crop residues, both shoots and roots, revealed a notable richness of allelopathic phenolic acids and flavonoids, that through slow decomposition may constitute potential natural herbicides. From the analysis of the aqueous extracts, other non-analyzed and/or unidentified water-soluble allelopathic compounds should underlie the phytotoxicity observed in vitro, at least for rye. For cover crop mixture, positive interactions among plant materials leading to a better release of allelochemicals and weeding effectiveness are discussed according to chemical profiles and field data. Our study demonstrated the allelopathic activity of the cover crops and their potential to be included in weed management strategies according to cropping system needs. Additional trials are needed to confirm the performance of cover crop residues under field conditions.   Highlights - Rye and squarrose clover are cover crops with potential allelopathic effects. - Aqueous extracts of residues of rye, squarrose clover and their mixture reduced and/or slowed weed germination of A. retroflexus and C. canadensis in in vitro bioassays. - The aqueous extracts, depending on the concentration of residues, had inhibitory effects on radicle and shoot growth of A. retroflexus, C. canadensis and D. sanguinalis. - Under field conditions, mulch of a mix of rye and squarrose clover suppressed weeds better than the single species.

scholarly journals Allelopathic and Autotoxic Effects of Medicago sativa—Derived Allelochemicals

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Ill-Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

In this study, the allelopathic properties of Medicago sativa on different weeds were investigated under in vitro conditions. The compounds involved in the autotoxicity of M. sativa were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The extracts of all concentrations inhibited the growth of the calluses of Digitaria ciliaris, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, and Commelina communis. Six allelopathic compounds in alfalfa were identified and quantified, and the most predominant phenolic compounds were salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Various concentrations (10−2, 10−3, and 10−5 M) of all the tested phenolic compounds exerted inhibitory effects on callus fresh weight. Rutin, salicylic acid, scopoletin, and quercetin significantly inhibited alfalfa seed germination. Of the seven identified saponins, medicagenic acid saponins exhibited the highest autotoxic effect and significantly lowered seed germination rate. Principal component analysis showed that the phenolic compounds and saponin composition significantly contributed to the different variables. The highly phytotoxic properties of the alfalfa-derived phenolic compounds and saponins indicate that these phytochemicals can be a potential source of bioherbicides.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds with Allelopathic Potential of Secale cereale L. and Raphanus sativus L. Grown Under an Agroecological No-Tillage System

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SOUZA ◽  
J.J. COMIN ◽  
C. KURTZ ◽  
P.E. LOVATO ◽  
A.P. LIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: The identification of compounds with allelopathic potential produced by cover crops can assist in selecting species for weed management purposes in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to identify the main phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential in the shoot of rye (Secale cereale L.) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crops, as well as evaluate whether the cultivation system and phenological stage may influence secondary metabolite production and weed emergence. Samples of the shoot of these cover crops were collected at 60, 80, and 100 days after sowing (DAS) and 15 and 30 days after lodging (DAL) under field conditions. Weed emergence was evaluated at 45, 75, and 100 DAL of cover crops. The main compounds in rye were 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) under monocropping and intercropping, while flavonoid quercetin was found in oilseed radish at all evaluated times. During the growing cycle, the highest contents of phenolic compounds were found at the elongation stage (60 DAS) of rye under monocropping and intercropping systems (9.33 and 8.22 mg g-1 DM, respectively) and at grain filling stage (100 DAS) for oilseed radish intercropped with rye and black oat (3.24 and 3.83 mg g-1 DM, respectively). No differences were found in the contents of the main compounds when the species was grown under monocropping or intercropping systems. A reduction in the contents of MBOA, BOA, and quercetin was observed after lodging. Weed dry matter production was lower at 45 DAL in all treatments with rye and oilseed radish residues when compared to the control. The intercropping of rye with oilseed radish is an alternative management for weed control in agroecological systems due to the physical barrier created by these species and the presence of phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and Phenolic Secretion in Sugarcane Genotypes Shoots Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ana Da Silva Ledo ◽  
Maria M. Jenderek ◽  
Carlos Alberto Da Silva Ledo ◽  
Tomas Ayala-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Culture

Secretion of phenolic compounds is a major limitation for sugarcane in vitro shoot culture, causing a loss of regenerative capacity and subsequent cell death. In this study, micropropagation and phenolic secretion of four Saccharum genotypes were evaluated in presence of different antioxidants. Aseptic cultures of S. officinarum (PI 184794 and PI 88652), S. sinense (PI 29109) and S. robustum (UNK R65P35) were propagated on medium containing antioxidants, citric acid (100 mg/L), L-cysteine (100 mg/L), polyvynylpirrolidone (300 mg/L) and L-glutathione (50 mg/L) in two consecutive subculture cycles. Interaction between genotypes and antioxidants was significant in both cycles. All genotypes showed good shoot formation, shoot vigor and color, except in PI 88652 which had less shoot development in both the presence and absence of the antioxidants tested. PI 184794 displayed the highest shoot proliferation in the presence of citric acid, and UNK R65P35 produced more shoots per explant in the 2nd subculture. For S. sinense (PI 29109), in both subcultures, most shoots were observed in the presence of polyvynylpirrolidone. Medium discoloration due to phenolic secretion was reduced in the presence of citric acid and polyvynylpirrolidone. The type of secreted phenolic compounds differed with genotype as the Principal Component Analysis of cultivation media separated PI 88652 from PI 29109 and UKN R65P35. Phenolic compounds varied in composition and were secreted at various levels as a function of genotype and antioxidant type. Loadings plots indicated the genotype and antioxidant separations were broadly driven by flavonoid compounds.

scholarly journals Black Bean Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Supercritical and Pressurized Extraction Increased In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential, While Having Similar Storage Stability

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hsieh-Lo ◽  
Gustavo Castillo-Herrera ◽  
Luis Mojica
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The Stability

Black bean is a source of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds that are associated with health benefits. This work aimed to optimize the extraction and determine the stability and biological potential of black bean anthocyanin-rich extracts recovered by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The highest concentration of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds were recovered with SFE using 300 bar, 60 °C and co-solvent ethanol/distilled water (50/50, v/v). Eleven non-colored phenolic compounds were identified in SFE extract using Ultra performance liquid chromatography - Electrospray ionization–Quadrupole -Time of flight - Mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS). Myricetin, syringic acid, rutin hydrate and chlorogenic acid presented the highest relative area among identified compounds. Compared to leaching extraction, SFE extracts showed a similar storage stability at 4, 25 and 32 °C (p < 0.05), but with a higher antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) IC50: 0.078 ± 0.01; 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) IC50: 0.161 ± 0.03) and antidiabetic potential (α-amylase IC50: 124.76 ± 12.97; α-glucosidase IC50: 31.30 ± 0.84; dipeptidyl peptidase-IV IC50: 0.195 ± 0.01). SFE extraction is an efficient method to obtain anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds with exceptional biological potential.

Cover crops as alternative forages for ruminants: nutritive characteristics, in vitro digestibility, methane and ammonia production

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Maxin ◽  
Benoît Graulet ◽  
Aline Le Morvan ◽  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Josiane Portelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Berseem Clover

Context The use of cover crops provides agronomic and environmental benefits in crop–livestock systems. They can also constitute alternative forage resources for ruminants, particularly when climatic conditions limit grass supply. However, information on the nutritive value of these crops remains scarce. Aims The objective of the present study was to assess the fresh forage potential of several plant species (sainfoin, buckwheat, phacelia, berseem clover, crimson clover and vetch) commonly used as cover crops and harvested at two phenological stages, namely, vegetative stage (VS) and flowering stage (FS). Methods Chemical composition and fermentation parameters after in vitro ruminal incubation of the plant species were measured and compared with those of lucerne. Key results Chemical composition and in vitro organic-matter digestibility varied both with species (P &lt; 0.001) and stage (P &lt; 0.001). Crude protein concentration (g/kg dry matter) varied at VS from 212 (sainfoin) to 151 (phacelia), and at FS from 187 (vetch) to 88 (phacelia). The in vitro organic-matter digestibility at VS varied from 0.91 (buckwheat) to 0.82 (lucerne), and at FS from 0.81 (vetch) to 0.74 (lucerne). Buckwheat and sainfoin had the greatest concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds. The incubation of phacelia, sainfoin and buckwheat resulted in a lower production of volatile fatty acids than did incubation with the other plant species. Methane production was lower at both stages for phacelia (–26%), buckwheat (–12%), sainfoin (–14%) and berseem clover (–13%) than it was for lucerne. Ammonia production expressed as total N proportion was significantly lower for sainfoin and buckwheat than for the other plant species. The reductions in methane and ammonia appeared to be linked to certain phenolic compounds for buckwheat and to condensed tannins for sainfoin. Conclusions The present study showed that these cover crop species hold nutritive characteristics as good as lucerne, indicating that they could be suitable for ruminant nutrition. Moreover, buckwheat and sainfoin have potential beneficial effects on methane and ammonia production. Implications These results constitute a first step towards a recommendation to farmers to use cover crops as forage.

scholarly journals Determination of Quality Characteristics, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis from Southeastern Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Enrique Sauri-Duch ◽  
Cesia Gutiérrez-Canul ◽  
Luis F. Cuevas-Glory ◽  
Lorena Ramón-Canul ◽  
Emilio Pérez-Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the variability of physicochemical parameters, phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of propolis collected from different apiaries in southeastern Mexico. A high variability was found in the moisture content (1.96–8.26%), ash (0.66–5.50%) and sensory characteristics of raw propolis from southeastern Mexico, but the raw propolis samples met the requirements of the quality regulations. In the same way, most of the ethanolic extracts also complied with the quality regulations. Of all the extracts, PE2 obtained from Santa Cruz showed the highest values for dry extract, content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS). The content of the individual phenolic compounds varied according to the geographical location of the apiary, but the PE2 extract resulted in the highest pinocembrin and chrysin content. A positive correlation was obtained between TPC and TF with antioxidant activity. Propolis extracts were classified into two groups through principal component analysis (PCA). These results indicate that the apiary location in southeastern Mexico influenced the characteristics of propolis.

scholarly journals Nutritional, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of 24 mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuhao Wang ◽  
Lu Huang ◽  
Xingxing Yuan ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Luping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vigna Radiate

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the proximate and phytochemicals present in seeds of 24 mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) genotypes from four provinces of China for estimating their nutritional and antioxidant properties. Proximate analysis of mung bean genotypes revealed that starch, protein, fat, ash and water-soluble polysaccharide ranged from 39.54–60.66, 17.36–24.89, 4.24–12.18, 2.78–3.53 and 1.99–2.96 g/100 g respectively. The five principal fatty acids detected in mung beans were stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid. The contents of insoluble-bound phenolic compounds, soluble phenolic compounds, and flavonoids ranged from 0.78 to 1.5 mg GAE g− 1, 1.78 to 4.10 mg GAE g− 1, and 1.25 to 3.52 mg RE g− 1, respectively. The black seed coat mung bean genotype M13 (Suheilv 1) exhibited highest flavonoid and phenolic contents which showed strong antioxidant activity. Two flavonoids (vitexin and isovitexin) and four phenolic acids (caffeic, syringic acid, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids) were identified by HPLC. Vitexin and isovitexin were the major phenolic compounds in all mung bean genotypes. The content of soluble phenolic compounds had positive correlation with DPPH (r2 = 0.713) and ABTS (r2 = 0.665) radical scavenging activities. Principal component analysis indicated that the first two principal components could reflect most details on mung bean with a cumulative contribution rate of 66.1%. Twenty-four mung bean genotypes were classified into four groups based on their phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activities. The present study highlights the importance of these mung bean genotypes as a source of nature antioxidant ingredient for the development of functional foods or a source of health promoting food. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals A Rapid HPLC-UV Protocol Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Determination of the Major Phenolic Constituents and Tocopherol Content in Almonds and the Discrimination of the Geographical Origin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5433
Author(s):  
Natasa P. Kalogiouri ◽  
Petros D. Mitsikaris ◽  
Dimitris Klaoudatos ◽  
Athanasios N. Papadopoulos ◽  
Victoria F. Samanidou
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Concentration Threshold

Reversed phase-high-pressure liquid chromatographic methodologies equipped with UV detector (RP-HPLC-UV) were developed for the determination of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in almonds. Nineteen samples of Texas almonds originating from USA and Greece were analyzed and 7 phenolic acids, 7 flavonoids, and tocopherols (−α, −β + γ) were determined. The analytical methodologies were validated and presented excellent linearity (r2 > 0.99), high recoveries over the range between 83.1 (syringic acid) to 95.5% (ferulic acid) for within-day assay (n = 6), and between 90.2 (diosmin) to 103.4% (rosmarinic acid) for between-day assay (n = 3 × 3), for phenolic compounds, and between 95.1 and 100.4% for within-day assay (n = 6), and between 93.2–96.2% for between-day assay (n = 3 × 3) for tocopherols. The analytes were further quantified, and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) to investigate potential differences between the bioactive content of almonds and the geographical origin. A decision tree (DT) was developed for the prediction of the geographical origin of almonds proposing a characteristic marker with a concentration threshold, proving to be a promising and reliable tool for the guarantee of the authenticity of the almonds.

scholarly journals HPLC Fingerprint Combined with Quantitation of Phenolic Compounds and Chemometrics as an Efficient Strategy for Quality Consistency Evaluation of Sambucus nigra Berries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Viapiana ◽  
Marek Wesolowski
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Efficient Strategy ◽  
Hplc Profiles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Consistency Evaluation

Sambucus nigra L. berries have been traditionally used as culinary and medicinal ingredients. To ensure the highest quality of elderberry plant products for consumers, the objective of this study was to develop a HPLC fingerprint procedure for quality consistency evaluation of S. nigra berries obtained from various herbal manufacturers in Poland. The HPLC profiles of thirteen batches of elderberries showed more than sixty peaks in each chromatogram, including fourteen well-resolved common peaks. Four of these were assigned to caffeic acid, syringic acid, myricetin and quercetin. Based on the chromatographic profiles of all the samples, the reference HPLC fingerprint and similarity values were calculated by Matlab 9.1 software. Quantitation of phenolic compounds (flavonols and phenolic acids) revealed that the S. nigra samples with the highest quantity differ to a small extent with regard to the mean content of phenolic compounds. On the other hand, in batches of elderberries with lower similarity values, higher differences in the mean phenolic compound content were observed. The results of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses showed that samples classified into one group are associated with a similar chemical composition, reflected in fourteen common HPLC peaks and similarity values. Chromatographic fingerprint combined with quantitation of plant bioactive compounds and unsupervised data analysis techniques can be a useful and efficient strategy for monitoring the quality consistency of elderberry fruits.

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