scholarly journals Low-frequency sonophoresis: application to the transdermal delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1415-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris E Polat ◽  
Daniel Blankschtein ◽  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs

Transdermal Delivery Of Macromolecules Using Nanolipid Carriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Kalave ◽  
Bappaditya Chatterjee ◽  
Parth Shah ◽  
Ambikanandan Misra
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Low Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Transdermal Delivery System ◽  
Nanolipid Carriers ◽  
Transport Of Macromolecules ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

: Skin being the largest external organ, offers an enticing procedure for transdermal drug delivery, so the drug needs to rise above the outermost layer of the skin, i.e., stratum corneum. Small molecular drug entities obeying the Lipinski rule, i.e., drugs having a molecular weight less than 500Da, high lipophilicity, and optimum polarity, are favored enough to be used on the skin as therapeutics. Skin's barrier action properties prevent the transport of macromolecules at pre-determined therapeutic rates. Notable advancement in macromolecules' transdermal delivery occurred in recent years. Scientists have opted for liposomes, the use of electroporation or, low-frequency ultrasound techniques. Some of these have shown better delivery of macromolecules at clinically beneficial rates. These physical technologies involve complex mechanisms, which may irreversibly incur skin damage. Majorly, two types of lipid-based formulations, including Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are widely investigated as a transdermal delivery system. In this review, the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers that are considered feasible for transporting macromolecules via transdermal delivery system are thoroughly reviewed and presented along with their clinical perspective.

Radiofrequency-driven skin microchanneling as a new way for electrically assisted transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon C Sintov ◽  
Igor Krymberk ◽  
Dorit Daniel ◽  
Talli Hannan ◽  
Ze’ev Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Electrically Assisted

scholarly journals Nanoemulsion: A Review on Mechanisms for the Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia S. Shaker ◽  
Rania A. H. Ishak ◽  
Amira Ghoneim ◽  
Muaeid A. Elhuoni
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preservative Free

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are colloidal dispersions of two immiscible liquids, oil and water, in which one is dispersed in the other with the aid of a surfactant/co-surfactant mixture, either forming oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) nanodroplets systems, with droplets 20–200 nm in size. NEs are easy to prepare and upscale, and they show high variability in their components. They have proven to be very viable, non-invasive, and cost-effective nanocarriers for the enhanced transdermal delivery of a wide range of active compounds that tend to metabolize heavily or suffer from undesirable side effects when taken orally. In addition, the anti-microbial and anti-viral properties of NE components, leading to preservative-free formulations, make NE a very attractive approach for transdermal drug delivery. This review focuses on how NEs mechanistically deliver both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs through skin layers to reach the blood stream, exerting the desired therapeutic effect. It highlights the mechanisms and strategies executed to effectively deliver drugs, both with o/w and w/o NE types, through the transdermal way. However, the mechanisms reported in the literature are highly diverse, to the extent that a definite mechanism is not conclusive.

scholarly journals Transdermal Delivery of Enfuvirtide in a Porcine Model Using a Low-Frequency, Low-Power Ultrasound Transducer Patch

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Snook ◽  
Robert Van Ess ◽  
Jacob R. Werner ◽  
Ryan S. Clement ◽  
Olga M. Ocon-Grove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ultrasound Transducer ◽  
Power Ultrasound

Microemulsions as Platforms for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs - A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Batista Siqueira Leite ◽  
Janaina Moreira Coelho ◽  
Luis Alexandre Muehlmann ◽  
Ricardo Bentes Azevedo ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Hydrophilic Drug ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Potential Use

Background: Delivery rates in cutaneous applications are limited by the skin barrier and also by the physical-chemical properties of the drug in the formulation. A lipophilic drug has more affinity, and can permeate the epidermis more easily than a hydrophilic drug. The potential use of nano-sized dispersions as distribution systems for hydrophilic drugs is being investigated. Objective: To analyze the literature with regard to the development of microemulsions (ME) for transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs, with a view to identifying strategies to increase the permeation of these drugs. Results: One hundred and eleven articles were potentially relevant to the combination of search criteria. After excluding duplicated articles, the abstracts of 83 articles were read. Of these, 73 did not meet the inclusion criteria. To complete the review process, the whole text of 10 articles was evaluated. Conclusion: The main factors that positively influenced the permeation of hydrophilic drugs were low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of the surfactant; concentrations of about 40% of surfactants and 30% of aqueous phase for the water-in-oil (W/O) systems; the addition of permeation promoters to the systems; and the association of physical methods during the application of the ME. The results offered support for the development of new topical microemulsions for hydrophilic drug delivery.

Low frequency ultrasound and PAMAM dendrimer facilitated transdermal delivery of ketoprofen

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothsna Manikkath ◽  
Aparna Manikkath ◽  
Gopal Venkatesh Shavi ◽  
Krishnamurthy Bhat ◽  
Srinivas Mutalik
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pamam Dendrimer ◽  
Low Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound
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