scholarly journals Role of Electrical Source Imaging in Pediatric Epilepsy and Pre-Surgical Evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Arun Thurairajah
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Pediatric Epilepsy ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Electric Potentials ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Electrical Source

Children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergo an extensive pre-surgical evaluation to determine the part of the brain thought to be the cause of seizures. The employment of non-invasive diagnostic imaging tools plays an important role in establishing surgical candidacy, preventing the need for invasive procedures. Electrical source imaging (ESI) has been explored as a modern alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques in pre-surgical workup. Through computational analysis of recorded electric potentials and individualized head scans, ESI provides a non-invasive method of obtaining more accurate localizations. However, its use within the clinical setting is limited. The following review looks to examine the literature surrounding ESI and advocates for its inclusion within the pre-surgical workup of children.   

scholarly journals Imaging the Extent and Location of Spatiotemporally Distributed Epileptiform Sources from MEG Measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyuan Jiang ◽  
Shuai Ye ◽  
Abbas Sohrabpour ◽  
Anto Bagic ◽  
Bin He
Keyword(s):  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Interictal Spikes ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Eeg Source Imaging ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Extended Sources ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Non-invasive MEG/EEG source imaging provides valuable information about the epileptogenic brain areas which can be used to aid presurgical planning in focal epilepsy patients suffering from drug-resistant seizures. However, the source extent estimation for electrophysiological source imaging remains to be a challenge and is usually largely dependent on subjective choice. Our recently developed algorithm, fast spatiotemporal iteratively reweighted edge sparsity minimization (FAST-IRES) strategy, has been shown to objectively estimate extended sources from EEG recording, while it has not been applied to MEG recordings. In this work, through extensive numerical experiments and real data analysis in a group of focal drug-resistant epilepsy patients interictal spikes, we demonstrated the ability of FAST-IRES algorithm to image the location and extent of underlying epilepsy sources from MEG measurements. Our results indicate the merits of FAST-IRES in imaging the location and extent of epilepsy sources for pre-surgical evaluation from MEG measurements.

LOW DENSITY ELECTRICAL SOURCE IMAGING OF THE ICTAL ONSET ZONE IN THE SURGICAL EVALUATION OF CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY

2021 ◽  
pp. 106810
Author(s):  
Arun Thurairajah ◽  
Alexander Freibauer ◽  
Rajesh RamachandranNair ◽  
Robyn Whitney ◽  
Puneet Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Electrical Source

scholarly journals VIRTUAL BRONCHOSCOPY OF MULTISPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE MAIN BRONCHUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
P. M. Kotlyarov ◽  
N. V. Chernichenko ◽  
V. P. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Virtual Bronchoscopy ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Bone Structures

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) in traumatic rupture of the main bronchus Material and methods. Тhe data of virtual bronchoscopy of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) with multiplanar and 3D reconstructions of 10 patients with traumatic separation of the main bronchus were analyzed. MSCT was carried out by the computer tomograph AquilionONE (320-slice) according to the previously described technique. Results of the study. VB MSCT allowed to determine the presence of a complete or partial rupture of the main bronchus, its distance to the bifurcation of the trachea, the state of the collapsed lung, the presence of fluid in the hemithorax, secondary changes in the bone structures of the chest. The World Bank played an important role in monitoring the adequacy of reconstructive measures on the damaged bronchus, excluding the occurrence of postoperative stenosis. The conclusion. Virtual bronchoscopy of multispiral computed tomography with the capabilities of multiplanar and volumetric reconstructions, postprocessing image processing is an optimal non-invasive method for determining the traumatic lesion of the main bronchi and monitoring the success of the reconstructive surgical manual.

scholarly journals Diagnostic methods for extra-temporal neocortical focal epilepsies: present and future

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo André Amorim Leite ◽  
Maria Concépcion Garcia Otaduy ◽  
Gilson Edmar Gonçalves e Silva ◽  
Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Vasco Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Proton Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Video Eeg

The progress of epilepsies diagnosis has been great, but, amongst the diagnostic detailing that demand research, one of the most important is the essential lateralization and localization of epileptogenic zone, considered as the cerebral cortex region, that removed, will result in a free state of seizures. The present study aims to analyze the possible uses of proton spectroscopy for clinical and pre-surgical evaluation of focal extratemporal epilepsies, since this group presents the highest difficulty degree for lateralizing and locating epileptogenic zones. In almost all cases, a non invasive diagnosis can be performed using routine electroencephalography, video-electroencephalography - considered as gold standard, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, when the results of these exams are contradictory, some patients need invasive techniques, as the intra-cranial video-EEG, using deep electrodes, sub-dural strip and grid, that are associated with increased diagnostic cost and risk of complications, as cerebral hemorrhages and intra-cranial infections. Proton spectroscopy appears as a possibility, given its capacity to evaluate cerebral metabolism, by N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre) and choline (Cho) concentrations, amongst other metabolites. This non invasive method may provide time reduction of this evaluation and reliable level improvement for this topographical diagnosis.

Testicular responsiveness to hCG during infancy measured by salivary testosterone

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Dunkel ◽  
Ilpo Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. To investigate the role of gonadotropins in postnatal testicular activation, testosterone responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin was studied in 11 male infants (aged 5-180 days). The boys were given a single im injection of 5000 IU/1.7m2 hCG, and serum and salivary testosterone responses were then measured for 7 days. The results were compared with the serum testosterone responses of 8 older prepubertal boys (aged 1.7-10.4 years) studied with the same protocol. The mean (±sem) basal serum testosterone levels were 2.67±1.27 nmol/l in the infants and 0.09±0.02 nmol/l in the prepubertal boys (p<0.05). Both groups gave a significant response to hCG stimulation (p<0.001, ANOVA, one-way). The stimulated concentrations of serum testosterone were higher in the infants than in the prepubertal boys (p<0.001). The mean basal level of salivary testosterone was 30.5 ±7.0 and the mean maximal level was 97± 10.3 pmol/l in the infants (p<0.001). No age-related changes were observed in either basal or hCG-stimulated levels. In infants the mean (±sem) maximal hCG-stimulated increase was 25 ± 10-fold in serum and 8±4-fold in saliva (p=0.13). A clear stimulatory effect of hCG on testicular testosterone production was found, suggesting that the postnatal increase in serum testosterone concentration in male infants is gonadotropin-mediated. Salivary testosterone concentrations can be increased by hCG, indicating that measurements of salivary testosterone may provide an optional, non-invasive method for assessing gonadal function in children.

ROLE OF DERMATOSCOPY IN CHRONIC DERMATOSES DIAGNOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
G. S. Chekhovska
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Vascular Structures

Dermatoscopy is a valuable auxiliary non−invasive method used in the diagnosis of inflammatory, parasitic and viral skin diseases. Treatment of dermatoses is based on the results of analysis of melanin, follicular−horny and vascular components. Diagnosis begins with polarized dermatoscopy and then progresses to non−polarized using immersion fluid. At dermatoscopic inspection of a psoriatic plaque the point vessels evenly distributed along all the surface (a symptom of "scattered red pepper") are noted. Eczema is characterized by focal accumulation of blood vessels in the form of dots, peeling, yellowish crusts. Examination of discoid lupus erythematosus foci often reveals individual linear or branched vessels, their location is random. Red herpes zoster is dermatoscopically characterized by vascular structures in the form of large granular horny plugs of whitish color with a pearly sheen. The most informative is dermatoscopy in the differential diagnosis of erythematous form of rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. On the erythematous background, dilated vessels around the sebaceous hair follicles, large vascular polygons formed from vessels thicker than in healthy skin and seborrheic dermatitis are found. At inspection of the fresh centers of a sclero−atrophic lichen diffuse unstructured zones of white color with a peripheral erythematous corolla and with numerous light comedic structures on a surface are visualized. At dermatoscopy of the Little − Lassueur syndrome in follicular papules on skin gray, violet points located in the form of a circle are noted. Dermatoscopy is increasingly used in dermatology, especially in the differential diagnosis of dermatoses of inflammatory and parasitic nature.

62 A Novel Non-Invasive Method to Monitor Gastric Motility in Mice: Role of CRF During Cold Stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. A-9
Author(s):  
Guillaume Gourcerol ◽  
David W. Adelson ◽  
Mulugeta Million ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Yvette Tache
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Role of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) Activity in the Detection of Renal Tubular Impairment

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylva Skálová
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs ◽  
Renal Tubular

The kidney function can be assessed by a number of methods. The urinary excretion of enzymes, in particular N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), is considered a relatively simple, cheap, fast and non-invasive method in the detection and follow-up of renal tubular function under various conditions. The determination of urinary NAG provides a very sensitive and reliable indicator of renal damage, such as injury or dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, inflammation, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection, hypercalciuria, urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, perinatal asphyxia, hypoxia, hypertension, heavy metals poisoning, treatment with aminoglycosides, valproate, or other nephrotoxic drugs. This paper gives an overview of the current use of urinary NAG in the detection of renal injury.

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