Rate of Force Development, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Young Competitive Track and Field Throwers

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos D. Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta E. Stasinaki ◽  
Spyridon K. Methenitis ◽  
Argyro A. Krase ◽  
Giorgos P. Karampatsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Force Development ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals The Importance of Lean Body Mass for the Rate of Force Development in Taekwondo Athletes and Track and Field Throwers

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Kavvoura ◽  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Giannis Arnaoutis ◽  
Spyridon Methenitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Force Development ◽  
The Relationship

The rate of force development (RFD) is vital for power athletes. Lean body mass (LBM) is considered to be an essential contributor to RFD, nevertheless high RFD may be achieved by athletes with either high or low LBM. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between lower-body LBM and RFD, and to compare RFD in taekwondo athletes and track and field (T&F) throwers, the latter having higher LBM when compared to taekwondo athletes. Nine taekwondo athletes and nine T&F throwers were evaluated for countermovement jumping, isometric leg press and leg extension RFD, vastus lateralis (VL), and medial gastrocnemius muscle architecture and body composition. Lower body LBM was correlated with RFD 0–250 ms (r = 0.81, p = 0.016). Taekwondo athletes had lower LBM and jumping power per LBM. RFD was similar between groups at 30–50 ms, but higher for throwers at 80–250 ms. RFD adjusted for VL thickness was higher in taekwondo athletes at 30 ms, but higher in throwers at 200–250 ms. These results suggest that lower body LBM is correlated with RFD in power trained athletes. RFD adjusted for VL thickness might be more relevant to evaluate in power athletes with low LBM, while late RFD might be more relevant to evaluate in athletes with higher LBM.

scholarly journals Force–Time Characteristics of Dynamic and Isometric Muscle Actions: Association with Muscle Architecture in Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5272
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Gaspari ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis ◽  
Ioli Panidi ◽  
Georgia Giannakopoulou ◽  
Gerasimos Terzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Muscle Actions

The association between force–time characteristics of isometric leg press (ILP) and countermovement jump (CMJ) with vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture, was examined in 19 female athletes (aged 23.2 ± 5.4 years). Peak force (PF), average rate of force development (ARFD) and rate of force development (RFD) at different time epochs were calculated from the force–time curve, as well as CMJ jump height and power. Significant correlations were found between ILP-PF and CMJ power (r = 0.658, p < 0.01), while both variables were correlated with VL thickness and fascicle length (r = 0.471 to 0.648, p < 0.05). Significant correlations were also observed between ILP-RFD epochs and VL fascicle length (r = 0.565 to 0.646, p < 0.05) and between CMJ height with VL thickness (r = 0.523, p < 0.05). Furthermore, positive correlations were found between ILP and CMJ in ARFD (r = 0.625, p < 0.01) and RFD epochs (r = 0.464 to 0.566, p < 0.05). ILP-PF and muscle thickness accounted for 52.8% (p = 0.002) of the variance in CMJ power. These results suggest that isometric force time characteristics are associated with power generation during dynamic muscle actions. Furthermore, VL muscle thickness and fascicle length are associated with rapid force production in female athletes, irrespective of the type of muscle action.

scholarly journals Rate of Force Development and Muscle Architecture after Fast and Slow Velocity Eccentric Training

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Spyridon Methenitis ◽  
Gregory Bogdanis ◽  
Gerasimos Terzis
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Slow Velocity

The aim of the study was to investigate the rate of force development (RFD) and muscle architecture early adaptations in response to training with fast- or slow-velocity eccentric squats. Eighteen young novice participants followed six weeks (two sessions/week) of either fast-velocity (Fast) or slow-velocity (Slow) squat eccentric-only training. Fast eccentric training consisted of nine sets of nine eccentric-only repetitions at 70% of 1-RM with <1 s duration for each repetition. Slow eccentric training consisted of five sets of six eccentric-only repetitions at 90% of 1-RM with ~4 sec duration for each repetition. Before and after training, squat 1-RM, countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric leg press RFD, and vastus lateralis muscle architecture were evaluated. Squat 1-RM increased by 14.5 ± 7.0% (Fast, p < 0.01) and by 5.4 ± 5.1% (Slow, p < 0.05). RFD and fascicle length increased significantly in the Fast group by 10–19% and 10.0 ± 6.2%, p < 0.01, respectively. Muscle thickness increased only in the Slow group (6.0 ± 6.8%, p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between the training induced changes in fascicle length and RFD. These results suggest that fast eccentric resistance training may be more appropriate for increases in rapid force production compared to slow eccentric resistance training, and this may be partly due to increases in muscle fascicle length induced by fast eccentric training.

Effects of a 25-Week Periodized Training Macrocycle on Muscle Strength, Power, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Well-Trained Track and Field Throwers

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Anousaki ◽  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Ioli Panidi ◽  
Gerasimos Terzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Periodized Training

scholarly journals Relationship between Rate of Force Development in the Lower Limbs and Performance in Quick Movements at Different Loads

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Junji INOUE ◽  
Tsutomu OHSHIGE ◽  
Ryoichiro MUKAI ◽  
Akira IWATA ◽  
Satoshi FUCHIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Force Development ◽  
And Performance

The Relationship Between Isometric Strength and Sprint Acceleration in Sprinters

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire J. Brady ◽  
Andrew J. Harrison ◽  
Eamonn P. Flanagan ◽  
G. Gregory Haff ◽  
Thomas M. Comyns
Keyword(s):  
Peak Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Force Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximal Effort

Purpose:To examine the relationships between the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), isometric squat (ISqT), and sprint acceleration performance in track-and-field sprinters and to determine whether there are differences between men and women.Methods:Fifteen male and 10 female sprinters performed 3 maximal-effort IMTPs, ISqTs, and 3 × 30-m sprints from blocks.Results:Among the men, the results showed significant negative correlations between IMTP and ISqT peak force; relative peak force; force at 100, 150, and 200 ms; rate of force development (0–150 and 0–200 ms); and impulse (0–200 ms) and 0- to 5-m time (r = −.517 to −.714;P < .05). IMTP impulse (B = −0.582,P = .023) and ISqT relative peak force (B = −0.606,P = .017) significantly predicted 0- to 5-m time. Among the women, no IMTP or ISqT variables significantly correlated with any sprint times. Men measured significantly higher than women for all IMTP measures except relative peak force. Men were significantly faster than women at all splits. When comparing measures of the ISqT, there were no significant differences between men and women.Conclusions:Variables measured during the IMTP and ISqT significantly correlated with 0- to 5-m sprint performance in male athletes. Isometric strength can have a sizable influence on 0- to 5-m time, but in some cases, the maximum effect could be very small.

scholarly journals Effect of Inter-Repetition Rest vs. Traditional Strength Training on Lower Body Strength, Rate of Force Development, and Muscle Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Polyxeni Spiliopoulou ◽  
Thomas Mpampoulis ◽  
Marios Hadjicharalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of seven weeks inter-repetition rest vs. traditional strength training on lower body strength, rate of force development (RFD), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture. Sixteen male participants were assigned into two groups: the inter-repetition rest (IRRG) and the traditional (TG) group. Both groups performed the leg press exercise with four sets of six maximum repetitions (RM) for two training sessions per week. IRRG added a 20 s inter-repetition rest period between single repetitions. Before and after the training period, 1-RM in leg press, isometric leg press RFD, and peak force (PF), VL muscle architecture, vastus intermedius (VI) thickness, and quadriceps’ cross sectional area (CSA) with ultrasonography, were measured. Two way ANOVA for repeated measures was used for statistics. One-RM strength increased similarly for both groups (p < 0.05), while percentage increases in RFD were greater for IRRG compared to TG (p < 0.05). Isometric PF was increased similarly for both groups (p < 0.05). VL and VI thickness as well as CSA of the quadriceps increased similarly in both groups, while VL fascicle length increased more following IRRG compared to TG (IRRG: 4.8 ± 6.1% vs. TG: −3.9 ± 5.4%, p = 0.001). These results suggest that 20 s inter-repetition rest during strength training may effectively increase lower body explosive strength and muscle fascicle length without compromising muscle hypertrophy.

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