Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine Maximal Steady State Exercise Intensity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1833-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Snyder ◽  
Mark A Parmenter
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared

scholarly journals Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Muscle Specific Analysis of Intensity and Fatigue during Cross-Country Skiing Competition—A Case Report

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2535
Author(s):  
Thomas Stöggl ◽  
Dennis-Peter Born
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Muscle Groups

The aims of the study were to assess the robustness and non-reactiveness of wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology to monitor exercise intensity during a real race scenario, and to compare oxygenation between muscle groups important for cross-country skiing (XCS). In a single-case study, one former elite XCS (age: 39 years, peak oxygen uptake: 65.6 mL/kg/min) was equipped with four NIRS devices, a high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and a heart rate (HR) monitor during the Vasaloppet long-distance XCS race. All data were normalized to peak values measured during incremental laboratory roller skiing tests two weeks before the race. HR reflected changes in terrain and intensity, but showed a constant decrease of 0.098 beats per minute from start to finish. Triceps brachii (TRI) muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) showed an interchangeable pattern with HR and seems to be less affected by drift across the competition (0.027% drop per minute). Additionally, TRI and vastus lateralis (VL) SmO2 revealed specific loading and unloading pattern of XCS in uphill and downhill sections, while rectus abdominus (RA) SmO2 (0.111% drop per minute) reflected fatigue patterns occurring during the race. In conclusion, the present preliminary study shows that NIRS provides a robust and non-reactive method to monitor exercise intensity and fatigue mechanisms when applied in an outdoor real race scenario. As local exercise intensity differed between muscle groups and central exercise intensity (i.e., HR) during whole-body endurance exercise such as XCS, NIRS data measured at various major muscle groups may be used for a more detailed analysis of kinetics of muscle activation and compare involvement of upper body and leg muscles. As TRI SmO2 seemed to be unaffected by central fatigue mechanisms, it may provide an alternative method to HR and GNSS data to monitor exercise intensity.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: More Accurate Than Heart Rate for Monitoring Intensity in Running in Hilly Terrain

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis-Peter Born ◽  
Thomas Stöggl ◽  
Mikael Swarén ◽  
Glenn Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Hilly Terrain

Purpose:To investigate the cardiorespiratory and metabolic response of trail running and evaluate whether heart rate (HR) adequately reflects the exercise intensity or if the tissue-saturation index (TSI) could provide a more accurate measure during running in hilly terrain.Methods:Seventeen competitive runners (4 women, V̇O2max, 55 ± 6 mL · kg–1 · min–1; 13 men, V̇O2max, 68 ± 6 mL · kg–1 · min–1) performed a time trial on an off-road trail course. The course was made up of 2 laps covering a total distance of 7 km and included 6 steep uphill and downhill sections with an elevation gain of 486 m. All runners were equipped with a portable breath-by-breath gas analyzer, HR belt, global positioning system receiver, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device to measure the TSI.Results:During the trail run, the exercise intensity in the uphill and downhill sections was 94% ± 2% and 91% ± 3% of maximal heart rate, respectively, and 84% ± 8% and 68% ± 7% of V̇O2max, respectively. The oxygen uptake (V̇O2) increased in the uphill sections and decreased in the downhill sections (P < .01). Although HR was unaffected by the altering slope conditions, the TSI was inversely correlated to the changes in V̇O2 (r = –.70, P < .05).Conclusions:HR was unaffected by the continuously changing exercise intensity; however, TSI reflected the alternations in V̇O2. Recently used exclusively for scientific purposes, this NIRS-based variable may offer a more accurate alternative than HR to monitor running intensity in the future, especially for training and competition in hilly terrain.

Comparison of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy and femoral blood gases during steady-state exercise in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1345-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Costes ◽  
J. C. Barthelemy ◽  
L. Feasson ◽  
T. Busso ◽  
A. Geyssant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Venous Oxygen Saturation

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive way of measuring muscular oxygenation. We evaluated the relationship between NIRS signal [infrared muscle oxygen saturation (IR-SO2mus)] and the femoral venous oxygen saturation (SfvO2) during cycling exercise. Six healthy subjects performed a 30-min steady-state exercise at 80% maximal oxygen uptake in normoxia and hypoxia (inspired O2 fraction = 0.105). IR-So2mus was recorded continuously throughout the tests with the NIRS probe located on the vastus lateralis. During exercise, blood samples were withdrawn every 5 min from radial artery and femoral vein catheters. In normoxia, IR-So2mus initiated a transient nonsignificant decrease at 5 min, then returned to preexercise level, whereas SfvO2 showed a fast decrease, reaching 18% saturation at 10 min without further change. By contrast, in hypoxia, IR-SO2mus and SfvO2 demonstrated a parallel decrease then stabilized at 10 min. We conclude that IR-SO2mus appears to parallel SfvO2 when both the arterial and venous oxygen contents decrease during steady-state exercise in hypoxia, whereas IR-SO2mus does not follow SfvO2 change in normoxia.

scholarly journals Functional near-infrared spectroscopy can detect low-frequency hemodynamic oscillations in the prefrontal cortex during steady-state visual evoked potential-inducing periodic facial expression stimuli presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Yun Wang ◽  
Anzhe Yuan ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Yutao Xiang ◽  
Zhen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Visual Evoked

AbstractBrain oscillations are vital to cognitive functions, while disrupted oscillatory activity is linked to various brain disorders. Although high-frequency neural oscillations (> 1 Hz) have been extensively studied in cognition, the neural mechanisms underlying low-frequency hemodynamic oscillations (LFHO) < 1 Hz have not yet been fully explored. One way to examine oscillatory neural dynamics is to use a facial expression (FE) paradigm to induce steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), which has been used in electroencephalography studies of high-frequency brain oscillation activity. In this study, LFHO during SSVEP-inducing periodic flickering stimuli presentation were inspected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), in which hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex were recorded while participants were passively viewing dynamic FEs flickering at 0.2 Hz. The fast Fourier analysis results demonstrated that the power exhibited monochronic peaks at 0.2 Hz across all channels, indicating that the periodic events successfully elicited LFHO in the prefrontal cortex. More importantly, measurement of LFHO can effectively distinguish the brain activation difference between different cognitive conditions, with happy FE presentation showing greater LFHO power than neutral FE presentation. These results demonstrate that stimuli flashing at a given frequency can induce LFHO in the prefrontal cortex, which provides new insights into the cognitive mechanisms involved in slow oscillation.

Onset of Accelerated Muscle Deoxygenation During the 20-m Shuttle Run Test in Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-479
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kume ◽  
Akira Iguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the relative exercise intensity at which the onset of accelerated muscle deoxygenation occurs during the 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) between boys and men and to examine whether the timing of the onset of acceleration appearance is related to 20mSRT performance in boys. Methods: Twenty-four boys performed the 20mSRT, during which concentration changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin (ΔOxy-Hb and ΔDeoxy-Hb, respectively) in the m. vastus lateralis were monitored using a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device. The boys’ data were compared with those of 29 men in a previous study. Results: An onset of accelerated decrease in Δ[Oxy-Hb − Deoxy-Hb] was found in 11 of the 24 boys (45.8%) and 20 of the 29 men (69.0%) and was found at a higher relative exercise intensity in the boys than in the men. The number of laps at which the onset of acceleration occurred correlated with total laps in the boys (r = .87). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the onset of accelerated muscle deoxygenation during the 20mSRT occurs at a higher relative exercise intensity in boys than in men. Our findings also show that the timing of the onset of acceleration appearance is associated with 20mSRT performance in boys.

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