Factors Affecting NVR Contaminant Fire Risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Bradley S. Forsyth ◽  
Gwenael J. A. Chiffoleau ◽  
Barry E. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Fire Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Methodology of fire risk analysis in electrical installations of a production facility

2022 ◽  
Vol 1211 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
O K Nikolsky ◽  
Yu D Shlionskaya ◽  
M A Gabova ◽  
A N Kachanov ◽  
V A Chernyshov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Abstract This article lists the principles of fire risk assessment and management of electrical installations, provides the main terms used in this subject area, and their meanings. The article also talks about factors affecting the magnitude of fire risk (risk-forming factors). Special attention is paid to the human factor. Formulas for probabilistic assessment of fire risks of electrical installations and an algorithm for assessing the fire hazard of electrical installations, as well as a scheme of the algorithm for calculating individual fire risk are given.

scholarly journals Evaluation of forest fire risk using the Apriori algorithm and fuzzy c-means clustering

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 370-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafarzadeh Ali Akbar ◽  
Mahdavi Ali ◽  
Jafarzadeh Heydar
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Apriori Algorithm ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Fcm Clustering ◽  
Forest Fire Risk

In this study we evaluated forest fire risk in the west of Iran using the Apriori algorithm and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering. We used twelve different input parameters to model fire risk in Ilam Province. Our results with minimum support and minimum confidence show strong relationships between wildfire occurrence and eight variables (distance from settlement, population density, distance from road, slope, standing dead oak trees, temperature, land cover and distance from farm land). In this study, we defined three clusters for each variable: low, middle and high. The data regarding the factors affecting forest fire risk were distributed in these three clusters with different degrees of membership and the final map of all factors was classified by FCM clustering. Each layer was then created in a geographic information system. Finally, wildfire risks in the area obtained from overlaying these layers were classified into five categories, from very low to very high according to the degree of danger.

Fire Risk in Informal Settlements: A South African Case Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
James Morrissey ◽  
Anna Taylor
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Urban Risk

With the increased concentration of populations in urban areas and the consequent occupation of marginal land, largely by the poor, the need for effective means of understanding and managing urban risk is immense. This paper explores the existence and variability of fire risk in the informal settlement of “Imizamo Yethu”, an informal settlement situated in Cape Town, South Africa. The case study mainly analyses the factors influencing the conditions of risk. It highlights the need for a shift away from the hegemonic dialogue around so-called natural disasters and goes further to challenge the view of risk as an interaction between external, natural hazards and internally generated vulnerability. The paper explores how different factors affecting fire risk operate at different scales and the resulting importance of recognising and understanding intra-community and even intra-household variability of risk. In so doing, it becomes evident that for risk reduction strategies to be effective, focus cannot simply be placed on structural interventions, but must encompass elements of social development which are sensitive to current livelihood strategies.

Factors Affecting Fire Risk Assessment of Historic Buildings in Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
I-Jyh Wen ◽  
Ming-Jyh Lee ◽  
Sheng-Hung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fire Risk Assessment

The Design of Unascertained Fire Risk Evaluation System for High-Rise Civil Building Based on VB

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2616-2621
Author(s):  
Li Ning Zhang ◽  
Jing An ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Accident Causation ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Risk Evaluation System

The study purpose is to design a comprehensive and visual fire risk evaluation system for high-rise civil buildings. Firstly, according to the characteristics of high-rise civil buildings, based on the hazards identification, combined with the international building fire codes, by using the typical accident causation analysis and other methods, the various uncertain factors affecting high-rise civil building fire are analyzed, and a fire risk evaluation tree for high-rise civil buildings was built. Then the unascertained theory is introduced, and a new visual fire risk evaluation system is designed for high-rise civil buildings based on the unascertained C-clustering model and the visual basic (VB) technology. At last, take the fire survey data of China 8 typical high-rise civil building as example, to make an empirical analysis. The research results can provide a reliable decision support system for the high-rise civil building fire risk management.

scholarly journals Determining Factors Affecting Fire Risk in a Hospital in Qazvin, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Hazhir Kurd ◽  
◽  
Vida Zaroushani ◽  
Yousef Akbari ◽  
Ali Safari Variani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Activation Factor ◽  
Fire Risk Assessment

Background: Hospitals are highly vulnerable to fire because of the presence of vulnerable people (patients, medical staff, and visitors), expensive equipment, and the ignorance and low-risk perception of occupants. Injuries caused by fire can result in life and financial losses and can disrupt the performance of a hospital. Fire risk assessment is an effective way to assess vulnerability, capacity, and capability. This study aims to evaluate the risk of fire and identify the effective factors and their contribution to a hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineering (FRAME) in the equipment room of a hospital in Qazvin, Iran. The fire risk was first calculated by using the related formulas in Excel software. Then, the influential factors and their contribution to the overall risk were determined to perform corrective measures for reducing the risk. Results: The numerical value of risk for the building and its contents, occupants, and activities were 2.075, 3.315, and 2.481, respectively (>1), indicating its unacceptable level. Factors affecting the potential risk level for the building and its content and occupants were fire load, venting, and access. Regarding the acceptable risk level, the activation factor was identified as an influential factor in all domains. The highest contribution in the potential risk level for the building and its content and occupants was related to the fire load factor (1.6). In the acceptable risk level, the highest contribution was related to the activation factor (0.4). Conclusion: The FRAME method can also identify effective factors and their contribution to the overall fire risk of medical centers such as hospitals to help develop plans and special measures to reduce the risk.

Factors affecting fuel break effectiveness in the control of large fires on the Los Padres National Forest, California

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. Syphard ◽  
Jon E. Keeley ◽  
Teresa J. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Spatial Database ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Large Fires ◽  
Los Padres National Forest

As wildfires have increased in frequency and extent, so have the number of homes developed in the wildland–urban interface. In California, the predominant approach to mitigating fire risk is construction of fuel breaks, but there has been little empirical study of their role in controlling large fires. We constructed a spatial database of fuel breaks on the Los Padres National Forest in southern California to better understand characteristics of fuel breaks that affect the behaviour of large fires and to map where fires and fuel breaks most commonly intersect. We evaluated whether fires stopped or crossed over fuel breaks over a 28-year period and compared the outcomes with physical characteristics of the sites, weather and firefighting activities during the fire event. Many fuel breaks never intersected fires, but others intersected several, primarily in historically fire-prone areas. Fires stopped at fuel breaks 46% of the time, almost invariably owing to fire suppression activities. Firefighter access to treatments, smaller fires and longer fuel breaks were significant direct influences, and younger vegetation and fuel break maintenance indirectly improved the outcome by facilitating firefighter access. This study illustrates the importance of strategic location of fuel breaks because they have been most effective where they provided access for firefighting activities.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

Factors affecting dentist participation in a state Medicaid program

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Damiano ◽  
ER Brown ◽  
JD Johnson ◽  
JP Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Factors Affecting
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