Fire Risk in Informal Settlements: A South African Case Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
James Morrissey ◽  
Anna Taylor
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Urban Risk

With the increased concentration of populations in urban areas and the consequent occupation of marginal land, largely by the poor, the need for effective means of understanding and managing urban risk is immense. This paper explores the existence and variability of fire risk in the informal settlement of “Imizamo Yethu”, an informal settlement situated in Cape Town, South Africa. The case study mainly analyses the factors influencing the conditions of risk. It highlights the need for a shift away from the hegemonic dialogue around so-called natural disasters and goes further to challenge the view of risk as an interaction between external, natural hazards and internally generated vulnerability. The paper explores how different factors affecting fire risk operate at different scales and the resulting importance of recognising and understanding intra-community and even intra-household variability of risk. In so doing, it becomes evident that for risk reduction strategies to be effective, focus cannot simply be placed on structural interventions, but must encompass elements of social development which are sensitive to current livelihood strategies.

Factors Affecting Financial Literacy of Vietnamese Adults: A Case Study for Hanoi and Nghe An

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tue Nguyen Dang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Behaviors ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Literacy Level

This research examines the factors affecting the financial literacy of Vietnamese adults. Using a sample of 266 observations of adults in 2 big cities in Vietnam (Hanoi and Vinh in Nghe An Province), the author evaluates the literacy level of adults in these urban areas. The financial literacy of the interviewed people is low. The multiple regression results show that lower financial literacy levels associate with higher age and married status and higher financial literacy levels associate with higher education, more family members, the person making financial decisions and the person attending a useful financial course. This research also explores the association between financial literacy and financial behaviors of individuals employing logistic models. It is found that higher financial literacy associates with less probability of overspending and higher probability of saving money and careful spending. Higher financial literacy is also found to associate with higher probability of opening a savings account and making various investments. 

The South African Cash-In-Transit Heist Enterprise: Managing its Wellspring and Concatenation

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 198-224
Author(s):  
Mahlogonolo Stephina Thobane
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Career Criminals ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
Master Of Arts ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractSouth African cash-in-transit (CIT) robberies appear to be in a state of flux. According to the Minister of Police, Mr Bheki Cele, the incidence of these crimes has steadily decreased due to rapid response by the police in arresting more than 200 suspects between June and November 2018. Given the rhizomatic, eclectic nature of this crime type – and possible mechanical linkages and/or linear causality within the genesis of the crime – it is debatable whether arrests and incarceration offer a long-term solution. CIT robbers interviewed for this study reported that they were career criminals, less likely to be rehabilitated and that incarceration was only an interruption to their career. These findings were backed by life-course theories. This article contends that if the South African Criminal Justice System wants to curb CIT robberies, an investigation into proactive methods for combating the crime should be developed and risk reduction strategies crafted. After investigating possible causes of CIT robberies, this research made recommendations based on holistic measures involving the public, family, and various government and non-governmental departments. The research was conducted for a Master of Arts degree in Criminology. A mixed-method approach was followed and 40 incarcerated offenders who committed robbery with aggravating circumstances participated in the study.

Perceptions of informal safety nets: A case study from a South African informal settlement

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Arnall ◽  
Jose Furtado ◽  
Jaboury Ghazoul ◽  
Cobus de Swardt
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Safety Nets

scholarly journals Analyse météorologique de l'évolution temporelle du risque d'inondation à Douala (Cameroun)

2021 ◽  
pp. 047
Author(s):  
Rinelle Djiondo Ngongang ◽  
Lucie Angennes Djiotang Tchotchou ◽  
Boniface Elvis Ossombo ◽  
Brice Baudouin Sandjeu Wandjie ◽  
André Lenouo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Climatic Hazards ◽  
Base De Données ◽  
The Press ◽  
Urban Risk

Cet article analyse l'évolution des inondations dans la ville de Douala à partir des méthodes permettant de calculer une valeur de débit maximum à l'aide des données météorologiques sur une période de 35 ans (1985-2019). Une base de données sur les inondations créée à l'aide d'informations issues de la presse montre que Douala est fréquemment inondée durant la saison des pluies par des systèmes précipitants en V associés à la mousson. On observe ainsi une augmentation du nombre d'inondations rapportées depuis les années 2010, qui semble corrélée avec l'évolution de l'emprise urbaine de la ville. Les zones urbaines inondées de façon récurrente sont le plus souvent les quartiers « informels » construits directement en zones inondables et dont l'accroissement est important depuis les années 1990. L'étude des inondations du 2 et 3 août 2000 à Douala indique qu'on avait une situation synoptique propice à de fortes précipitations. On peut par l'exemple noter que l'humidité relative était presque de 99 %, ce qui implique que l'air est saturé en eau avec une chute de température. L'intérêt de cette étude est de réduire la vulnérabilité en intégrant les populations et les décideurs au coeur des stratégies de développement et de gestion urbaine des risques liés aux aléas climatiques. This article analyzes the temporal evolution of flooding in the urban area of Douala using methods allowing to compute a maximum flow value using meteorological data over a period of 35 years (1985-2019). A flood database is created using information from the press showing that Douala is frequently flooded during the rainy season by V-shaped precipitating systems associated to the monsoon. We can thus observe an increase in the number of floods reported since the 2010s, which seems to be correlated with the evolution of the city's urban footprint. The recurrently flooded urban areas are most often informal neighbourhoods built directly in flood-prone areas and whose increase has been significant since the 1990s. The case study of the floods of August 2 and 3, 2000 in Douala indicates that there was a synoptic situation conducive to heavy rainfall. On the other hand, relative humidity is almost 99 % which requires the air to be saturated with water with a drop in temperature, which will cause a change of state. The purpose of this study is to reduce vulnerability by integrating populations and decision-makers at the heart of development strategies and urban risk management related to climatic hazards.

scholarly journals Mapping and modelling urban solar energy pontentials using geospacial data: A Case Study Of Ryerson University Campus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Forgione
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Building Surfaces

Determining the solar energy potential on a surface depends on geographical location, prevailing meteorological conditions, size, shape and orientation of a surface. In urban areas shading is an important parameter, given the density of buildings and must be considered in an evaluation of available irradiation. This thesis develops an integrated workflow for modelling and mapping solar energy potentials in urban areas. This was accomplished through a case study of a typical large urban centre - The City of Toronto, using 3-D building models and selected software tools. The developed workflow was applied and successfully modelled the solar energy potential of buildings in the selected case study area. The results allowed for further characterization of the main factors affecting solar energy potentials on building surfaces in urban areas. This preliminary study indicates that, in comparison to HVAC systems and green roofs, shading may be a less important factor to consider when estimating solar energy potentials in some urban settings.

APPLICATION OF RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES IN THE CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Hussin ◽  
K. Kidam ◽  
Jihan J. Jalani ◽  
A. Johari ◽  
H. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Chemical Process Industry ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Recent accident analyses show that the accident rates in the chemical process industry (CPI) were still not decreasing. In the paper, the issues and challenges of risk reduction strategies were discussed. A case study using accident cases, extracted from the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) database was conducted. The results of the accident analysis were discussed and then compared to previous analysis of the Failure Knowledge Database (FKD, Japan). The CSB analysis shows that the industry had moved from procedural risk reduction strategies to inherently safer and add-on engineered strategies. After 10years improvement, the industry was approaching towards more balanced safety management to prevent occurrence and recurrence of accidents with the emphasis on both management and engineering risk reduction strategies.  

scholarly journals ​Rabbit Raising- A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Anoop Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Medical Laboratories ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Maximum Profit

In this study we looked at the culture, rearing, housing systems, health problems and economical factors affecting the rabbit production in rural areas as well as in urban areas. The rabbits are susceptible to nature and the climate and the surrounding in which they are kept, hence in this case study we have discussed the keeping of rabbits so that maximum productivity can be obtained from them leading to maximum profit. Rabbits are very profitable in the commercial sector and hence people living near any medical laboratories, etc. used to rear rabbits as a major part of their business. Yield from rabbit business has grown over years making it a very attractive business proposition.

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