Design Criteria for Underground Insulated Piping Systems

2008 ◽  
pp. 43-43-9
Author(s):  
FA Govan ◽  
NM Demetroulis
2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Inaba ◽  
Masatoshi Ikeda ◽  
Nobuyuki Shimizu

After the Great Hyogoken-nanbu Earthquake (1995), the Seismic Design Code for High-Pressure Gas Facilities of Japan was amended. This amended code requires two-step seismic assessments, that is, the evaluation of the Level 1 Required Seismic Performance for Level 1 earthquakes and that of the Level 2 Required Seismic Performance for Level 2 earthquakes. Seismic design of piping systems is newly included within the scope of the code. For Level 2 earthquakes, possible ground displacement due to liquefaction is taken into account. The evaluation method of the Level 1 Required Seismic Performance is specified in the amended code and that of the Level 2 Required Seismic Performance is proposed in the guideline. The evaluation of the former is based on elastic design and that of the latter on elastoplastic design. The propriety of the design criteria of piping systems with respect to ground displacement was confirmed by large deformation tests. In this paper, seismic design criteria of piping systems in the amended code and the evaluation method of the Level 2 Required Seismic Performance proposed in the guideline are introduced, and the results of the large deformation tests are reported.


Author(s):  
Akihito Otani ◽  
Izumi Nakamura ◽  
Hajime Takada ◽  
Masaki Shiratori

Elbow is an essential element for three dimensionally arranged piping and it is actually used in most kinds of plants. Many great researches on the flexibility and stress intensity regarding elbow elements have been performed. Moreover, we can greatly benefit from the design code where elbow elements are specified. Our research group also started a research on ultimate strength of piping systems containing elbows in 1997 and we have performed several kinds of elbow element tests and shaking table tests. All experimental results have shown that the failure loads are far higher than those described by the design criteria. The authors have confirmed that the seismic design margin is extremely conservative. In this paper, the results of shaking table tests of piping, elbow element experiments and the stress calculation for those experiments based on design code are described, their results are compared with the seismic design criteria, and the margin is discussed. The authors point out the necessity of a new design code on the basis of the detail analysis and strain criteria in order to describe more appropriate and reasonable seismic design margin of the piping.


Author(s):  
Makoto Inaba ◽  
Masatoshi Ikeda ◽  
Nobuyuki Shimizu ◽  
Tetsuya Watanabe

After the Great Hyogoken-nanbu Earthquake, “Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities of Japan” was amended. This amended code requires two step seismic assessments, that is, evaluation of Level 1 Required Seismic Performance for Level 1 Earthquake and that of Level 2 Required Seismic Performance for Level 2 Earthquake. Seismic design of piping systems is newly involved in the scope of the code. For Level 2 Earthquake, possible ground displacement due to liquefaction is taken into account. When ground displacement occurs, foundations of structures settle, laterally move or incline as a conseqence, and a piping system supported by independent foundation structures suffers from relative displacements between supporting points, which may exceed several tens of centimeters. The evaluation method of Level 1 Required Seismic Performance is specified in the amended code and that of Level 2 Required Seismic Performance is proposed in the guideline. The former evaluation is based on elastic design and the latter on elasto-plastic design. The propriety of design criteria of piping systems against ground displacement was confirmed by large deformation tests. This paper introduces seismic design criteria of piping systems in the amended code and the evaluation method of Level 2 Required Seismic Performance proposed in the guideline, and also reports the results on the large deformation tests.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Elyna Amir Sharji ◽  
Lim Yan Peng ◽  
Peter Charles Woods ◽  
Vimala Perumal ◽  
Rose Linda Zainal Abidin

The challenge of transforming an empty space into a gallery setting takes on the concept of place making. A place can be seen as space that has meaning when the setting considers space, surroundings, contents, the people and its activities. This research concentrates on investigating how visitors perceive the space by gauging their sense of place (sense of belonging towards a place). Galleries are currently facing changes in this technological era whereby multiple content and context, space and form, display modes, tools and devices are introduced in one single space. An observational study was done during the Foundation Studies Annual Exhibition held at Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University. The exhibition was curated and managed by staff and students of Foundation Year showcasing an array of design works. Analogue and digital presentations of paintings, drawings, sculptures, photography and video works were displayed.. The outcome of this research will contribute towards a better design criteria of place making which affects individual behaviour, social values and attitudes. Characterizing types of visitor experience will improve the understanding of a better design criteria of place making, acceptance, understanding and satisfaction.


PCI Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal S. Anderson ◽  
Donald F. Meinheit

Author(s):  
Jerome Hall ◽  
Daniel Turner

The conception, development, and adoption of early AASHO highway design criteria are documented. Examining the early efforts states used to select a design vehicle and develop horizontal curve design criteria illustrates why AASHO’s leadership was necessary. AASHO’s slow and somewhat haphazard criteria development, and the disparity from state to state, demonstrated the need for a national consensus in highway design parameters. AASHO’s role in providing these criteria is outlined through its initial development of policy booklets, followed by its 1954 publication of the landmark Blue Book. The processes by which nine states adopted the AASHO guidance are briefly reviewed. In several cases, the AASHO policy was embraced immediately, and in others it was accepted slowly as states clung to their independent design processes and only gradually updated their design criteria. A few simple conclusions are drawn about the development and adoption process, particularly as it may relate to tomorrow’s highway design criteria.


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