Obsessive-compulsive symptom profiles in individuals exposed to interpersonal versus noninterpersonal trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Rachel Ojserkis ◽  
Dean McKay ◽  
Se-Kang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Mental Contamination ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Complex Population ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Trauma Group

Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms have been associated with trauma exposure. Although no studies have specified relations between type of trauma and OC symptom presentations, this information may inform personalized care for this complex population. Thus, this study used profile analysis via multidimensional scaling to characterize typical OC symptom profiles in individuals exposed to interpersonal versus noninterpersonal traumas. Profiles were also correlated with self-reported disgust and mental contamination, which have been related to OC symptoms and interpersonal trauma in prior research. The interpersonal trauma group revealed two profiles: (1) Obsessing (high obsessing, low neutralizing), and (2) Ordering (high ordering, low obsessing). The noninterpersonal trauma group showed two profiles: (1) Hoarding/Ordering (high hoarding and ordering, low washing), and (2) Hoarding Only (high hoarding, low ordering). No significant correlations were found between OC profiles and disgust-related constructs. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are explored.

Integrating family therapy into exposure-based CBT for a Spanish patient with obsessive scrupulosity

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Rosa-Alcázar ◽  
Marina Iniesta-Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Spanish Patient ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Obsessive-compulsive symptom profiles vary widely among individuals and may be affected by cultural backgrounds. In the case of scrupulosity, moral and religious principles are the target of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cognitive biases and beliefs have special relevance in the origin and maintenance of obsessive scrupulosity. In addition, rigid and exaggerated beliefs about morality are held by these patients. Moral and religious principles are mainly transmitted by family. These influences may be more prominent in cultures, such as the Spanish culture, where family and religion are important values for individuals. The authors describe the treatment of a Spanish patient with obsessive scrupulosity. Family therapy strategies were integrated into exposure-based CBT in order to facilitate the modification of beliefs, behaviors, and pathological family relationships. The patient exhibited clinically significant improvements in OCD symptoms. Findings from this case show the need for individualized interventions that take into consideration cultural, social, and family factors.

scholarly journals The Fourth IOCDC

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Eric Hollander ◽  
Joseph Zohar ◽  
Donatella Marazziti
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Ablative Surgery

The Fourth International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Conference (IOCDC) was held February 10–12, 2000, on the beautiful island of St. Thomas. The IOCDC is an annual meeting which brings together the world's leading experts in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders in a small workshop setting to present recent research advances, discuss gaps in our current knowledge, and plan or international approaches that address these knowledge gaps. The IOCDC meetings have been held on islands on both sides of the Atlantic—Capri, Guadeloupe, Madeira, and now St. Thomas.The International Organizing Committee consists of Eric Hollander, MD (USA), Joseph Zohar, MD (Israel), and Donatella Marazziti, MD (Italy). The proceedings are generously supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, and we would like to acknowledge the very important contributions of Chantal Vekens and Mary Blangiardo of Solvay. Also, an mportant part of the success of these meetings stems from the very active role of the chairpersons and cochairpersons of the workshops who lead the discussions, who synthesize the future directions and prepare the manuscripts that result from these discussions that appear in this academic supplement.The meeting led off with a state-of-the-art plenary address by Mark George, MD (USA), describing how new methods of brain stimulation are improving research and therapy in OCD and promise to revolutionize neuropsychiatric research and herapy over the next decade. He describes how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to test the circuits in OCD and test electrophysiologic evaluations of cortical inhibition n OCD. Newer techniques that are less invasive than ablative surgery and appear promising in OCD therapy include vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation.

Familial Predictors of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions (Contamination/Cleaning and Symmetry/Ordering) in a Nonclinical Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1266-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Taberner ◽  
Miquel A. Fullana ◽  
Xavier Caseras ◽  
Alberto Pertusa ◽  
Arturo Bados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Nonclinical Sample

Pharmacotherapy of anxiety and related disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Translational Models ◽  
Shed Light

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent of the mental disorders, and good translational models of these conditions encourage pharmacotherapy studies. This chapter discusses six randomized clinical trials that have contributed significantly to the pharmacotherapy of anxiety and related disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Although any such list is necessarily incomplete, these selections may shed light on early and ongoing challenges in the field and on key advances to date. After reviewing these foundational papers, the advances they represent, and the work that they have given impetus to, the chapter closes by considering future directions in work on the pharmacotherapy of anxiety and related disorders.

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