Implicit Attitudes and Racism: Effects of Word Familiarity and Frequency on the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Ottaway ◽  
Davis C. Hayden ◽  
Mark A. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Word Familiarity

Implicit Association Test: Separating Transsituationally Stable and Variable Components of Attitudes toward Gay Men

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Axel Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Implicit Association

Implicit attitudes are conceived of as formed in childhood, suggesting extreme stability. At the same time, it has been shown that implicit attitudes are influenced by situational factors, suggesting variability by the moment. In the present article, using structural equation modeling, we decomposed implicit attitudes towards gay men into a person factor and a situational factor. The Implicit Association Test ( Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ), introduced as an instrument with which individual differences in implicit attitudes can be measured, was used. Measurement was repeated after one week (Experiment 1) or immediately (Experiment 2). Explicit attitudes towards gay men as assessed by way of questionnaires were positive and stable across situations. Implicit attitudes were relatively negative instead. Internal consistency of the implicit attitude assessment was exemplary. However, the within-situation consistency was accompanied by considerable unexplained between-situation variability. Consequently, it may not be adequate to interpret an individual implicit attitude measured at a given point in time as a person-related, trait-like factor.

Using implicit associations towards fruit consumption to understand fruit consumption behaviour and habit strength relationships

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan de Bruijn ◽  
Mario Keer ◽  
Mark Conner ◽  
Ryan E. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Consumption Habits

An implicit association test (IAT) was used to investigate how habit strength, implicit attitudes and fruit consumption interrelate. Fifty-two participants completed a computerized IAT and provided measures of fruit consumption and related habit strength. Implicit attitudes moderated the habit strength—fruit consumption relationship; stronger relationships were observed when implicit attitudes were more positive. Amongst those with strong fruit habits, more positive associations with fruit were found for those who had recently consumed sufficient fruits compared to those who had not. Findings demonstrate the relevance of implicit positive associations in understanding the relationship between fruit consumption habits and subsequent fruit consumption.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plain Cigarette Packaging on Implicit Attitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Color Design ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
The Impact

Rationale: The significance of this research stems from the impact implicit attitudes have on smoking behavior, where positive implicit attitudes can result in a greater likelihood of smoking behavior. Even though it has previously been argued that implicit attitudes can drive addictive behavior there is a lack of research on whether cigarette packaging has an influence on implicit attitudes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of plain cigarette packaging and designed/logo cigarette packaging on implicit attitudes. Methods: Implicit attitudes towards cigarette packaging were assessed by means of the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT). A questionnaire was conducted to assess sociodemographic and smoking behavior. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess level of dependence. The sample consisted of 264 participants. Results: BIAT indicate a significant association between designed/logo cigarette packaging and positive implicit attitudes (Mean d-score > .15). Cigarette packaging design’s influence on implicit attitudes is positive (Mean d-score = .22), where there is a slight association between designed/logo packaging and positive implicit attitudes. Conclusions: When compared with plain packaging, designed/logo cigarette packaging leads to positive implicit attitudes. These findings support the effectiveness of plain packaging regulations where the removal of color, design and logo from cigarette packaging will decrease positive implicit attitudes formed by cigarette packaging.

Measuring implicit attitudes of 4-year-olds: The Preschool Implicit Association Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cvencek ◽  
Anthony G. Greenwald ◽  
Andrew N. Meltzoff
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association

Attitude MeasurementUsing the ImplicitAssociation Test (IAT)

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Plessner ◽  
Rainer Banse
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
New Method ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Special Issue

Abstract. Three years ago, Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998 ) presented a new method to measure differential evaluative association of two target concepts: the Implicit Association Test (IAT). It has been asserted that the IAT allows for the assessment of implicit attitudes by comparing response times in two combined discrimination tasks. Although the distribution and employment of this method has been quite successful, the processes underlying IAT-effects, as well as the psychometric properties of specific IAT-variants, have received relatively little attention up to now. The articles included in the present special issue especially focus on these aspects.

Evidence of negative implicit attitudes toward individuals with a tattoo near the face

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Zestcott ◽  
Meghan G. Bean ◽  
Jeff Stone
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
The Face

Three studies examined if people express negative implicit attitudes toward individuals with a tattoo near the face. In Study 1, participants who completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) expressed moderately negative implicit attitudes toward individuals with a tribal tattoo on one side of the neck. Study 2 replicated Study 1 when the tattoo was symmetrical, suggesting that negative affect, and not processing fluency, underlies the implicit negative evaluation of individuals with a tribal tattoo near the face. Study 3 showed dissociation between explicit and implicit attitudes toward individuals with a tribal tattoo near the face, and that the negative implicit evaluation was attenuated if the tattoo image was an objectively positive symbol. The implications for displaying a tattoo near the face are discussed.

scholarly journals Implicit Transgender Attitudes Independently Predict Beliefs About Gender and Transgender People

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722092106
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Axt ◽  
Morgan A. Conway ◽  
Erin C. Westgate ◽  
Nicholas R. Buttrick
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Multiple Outcomes ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Gender Essentialism ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Surprisingly little is known about transgender attitudes, partly due to a need for improved measures of beliefs about transgender people. Four studies introduce a novel Implicit Association Test (IAT) assessing implicit attitudes toward transgender people. Study 1 ( N = 294) found significant implicit and explicit preferences for cisgender over transgender people, both of which correlated with transphobia and transgender-related policy support. Study 2 ( N = 1,094) found that implicit transgender attitudes predicted similar outcomes among participants reporting no explicit preference for cisgender versus transgender people. Across Study 3a ( N = 5,647) and Study 3b ( N = 2,276), implicit transgender attitudes predicted multiple outcomes, including gender essentialism, contact with transgender people, and support for transgender-related policies, over and above explicit attitudes. This work introduces a reliable means of measuring implicit transgender attitudes and illustrates how these attitudes independently predict meaningful beliefs and experiences.

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