scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation Moderate the Predictive Value of Affective and Value-Related Brain Responses to Persuasive Messages

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1293-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Doré ◽  
Steven H. Tompson ◽  
Matthew B. O'Donnell ◽  
Lawrence C. An ◽  
Victor Strecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Brain Responses

Neural mechanisms of the cognitive control of emotion

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Green ◽  
Gin S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Emotion Generation

Background:Emotion regulation involves the initiation of new emotional responses and continual alteration of current emotions in response to rapidly changing environmental and social stimuli. The capacity to effectively implement emotion regulation strategies is essential for psychological health; impairments in the ability to regulate emotions may be critical to the development of clinical levels of depression, anxiety and mania.Objective:This review provides a summary of findings from current research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation by means of conscious cognitive strategies of reappraisal. These findings are considered in the context of related concepts of emotion perception and emotion generation, with discussion of the likely cognitive neuropsychological contributions to emotion regulation and the implications for psychiatric disorders.Results:Convergent evidence implicates an inhibitory role of prefrontal cortex and cingulate regions upon subcortical and cortical emotion generation systems in the cognitive control of emotional experience. Concurrent modulation of cortical activity by the peripheral nervous system is highlighted by recent studies using simultaneous physiological and neuroimaging techniques. Individual differences in emotion perception, generation of affect and neuropsychological skills are likely to have direct consequences for emotion regulation.Conclusions:Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brain stem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive perception, generation and regulation of affect. Aberrant emotion processing in any of these stages may disrupt this self-sustaining regulatory system, with the potential to manifest in distinct forms of emotion dysregulation as seen in major psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The affective neuroscience of socioeconomic status: implications for mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hao ◽  
Martha J. Farah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Cortical Regions

SummaryWe review basic science research on neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in individuals of differing socioeconomic status (SES). We summarise SES differences in response to positive and negative stimuli in limbic and cortical regions associated with emotion and emotion regulation. We discuss the possible relevance of neuroscience to understanding the link between mental health and SES. We hope to provide insights into future neuroscience research on the etiology and pathophysiology of mental disorders relating to SES.

scholarly journals A multimodal MRI study of the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation impairment in women with obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Maria Picó-Pérez ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín ◽  
Maria Suñol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multimodal Mri ◽  
Mri Study

scholarly journals Differences in Electric Brain Responses to Melodies and Chords

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2251-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Koelsch ◽  
Sebastian Jentschke
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Proper Comparison ◽  
Chord Function ◽  
Anterior Negativity

The music we usually listen to in everyday life consists of either single melodies or harmonized melodies (i.e., of melodies “accompanied” by chords). However, differences in the neural mechanisms underlying melodic and harmonic processing have remained largely unknown. Using EEG, this study compared effects of music-syntactic processing between chords and melodies. In melody blocks, sequences consisted of five tones, the final tone being either regular or irregular (p = .5). Analogously, in chord blocks, sequences consisted of five chords, the final chord function being either regular or irregular. Melodies were derived from the top voice of chord sequences, allowing a proper comparison between melodic and harmonic processing. Music-syntactic incongruities elicited an early anterior negativity with a latency of approximately 125 msec in both the melody and the chord conditions. This effect was followed in the chord condition, but not in the melody condition, by an additional negative effect that was maximal at approximately 180 msec. Both effects were maximal at frontal electrodes, but the later effect was more broadly distributed over the scalp than the earlier effect. These findings indicate that melodic information (which is also contained in the top voice of chords) is processed earlier and with partly different neural mechanisms than harmonic information of chords.

Magnitude and chronometry of neural mechanisms of emotion regulation in subtypes of aggressive children

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Lamm ◽  
Isabela Granic ◽  
Philip David Zelazo ◽  
Marc D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Aggressive Children

scholarly journals Investigation of working memory networks for verbal and rhythmic stimuli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Hoddinott ◽  
Dirk Schuit ◽  
Jessica A. Grahn
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior ◽  
With Memory

AbstractAuditory working memory is often conceived of as a unitary capacity, with memory for different auditory materials (syllables, pitches, rhythms) thought to rely on similar neural mechanisms. One spontaneous behavior observed in working memory studies is ‘chunking’. For example, individuals often recount digit sequences in groups, or chunks, of 3 to 4 digits, and this chunking improves performance. Chunking may also operate in musical rhythm, with beats acting as chunk boundaries for tones in rhythmic sequences. Similar to chunking, beat-based structure in rhythms also improves performance. Thus, beat processing may rely on the same mechanisms that underlie chunking of verbal material. The current fMRI study examined whether beat perception is a type of chunking, measuring brain responses to chunked and unchunked letter sequences relative to beat-based and nonbeat-based rhythmic sequences. Participants completed a sequence discrimination task, and comparisons between stimulus encoding, maintenance, and discrimination were made for both rhythmic and verbal sequences. Overall, rhythm and verbal working memory networks overlapped substantially. When comparing rhythmic and verbal conditions, rhythms activated basal ganglia, supplementary motor area, and anterior insula, compared to letter strings, during encoding and discrimination. Letter strings compared to rhythms activated bilateral auditory cortex during encoding, and parietal cortex, precuneus, and middle frontal gyri during discrimination. Importantly, there was a significant interaction in the basal ganglia during encoding: activation for beat-based rhythms was greater than for nonbeat-based rhythms, but verbal chunked and unchunked conditions did not differ. The significant interaction indicates that beat perception is not simply a case of chunking, suggesting a dissociation between beat processing and grouping mechanisms that warrants further exploration.

scholarly journals Finding the P3 in the P600: Decoding shared neural mechanisms of responses to syntactic violations and oddball target detection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jona Sassenhagen ◽  
Christian J. Fiebach
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Visual Oddball ◽  
Substantial Degree

AbstractThe P600 Event-Related Brain Potential, elicited by syntactic violations in sentences, is generally interpreted as indicating language-specific structural/combinatorial processing, with far-reaching implications for models of language. P600 effects are also often taken as evidence for language-like grammars in non-linguistic domains like music or arithmetic. An alternative account, however, interprets the P600 as a P3, a domain-general brain response to salience. Using time-generalized multivariate pattern analysis, we demonstrate that P3 EEG patterns, elicited in a visual Oddball experiment, account for the P600 effect elicited in a syntactic violation experiment: P3 pattern-trained MVPA can classify P600 trials just as well as P600-trained ones. A second study replicates and generalizes this finding, and demonstrates its specificity by comparing it to face- and semantic mismatch-associated EEG responses. These results indicate that P3 and P600 share neural patterns to a substantial degree, calling into question the interpretation of P600 as a language-specific brain response and instead strengthening its association with the P3. More generally, our data indicate that observing P600-like brain responses provides no direct evidence for the presence of language-like grammars, in language or elsewhere.

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