Increased Retinoic Acid Catabolism in Olfactory Sensory Neurons Activates Dormant Tissue-Specific Stem Cells and Accelerates Age-Related Metaplasia

Abstract Aging of multicellular organisms typically involves progressive decline in the body’s ability to maintain homeostatic cell replacement and to regenerate tissues and organs after injury. In both the blood and the skeletal muscle, aging significantly impairs regenerative activity and can dysregulate normal homeostatic production of mature cells. These age-acquired defects in tissue function profoundly impact the health of older individuals, as evidenced by the high incidence of age-related muscle deterioration (sarcopenia), bone marrow failure, immune dysfunction, and blood cancers in the elderly. How aging causes deterioration of tissue function is poorly understood, but several lines of evidence suggest that loss or functional impairment of tissue-specific stem cells directly contributes to age-dependent failures in tissue repair. Interestingly, the effects of aging on tissue stem cell function appear to arise at least in part from alterations in the aged tissue environment, which can inhibit stem cell activity in older animals and may be regulated by factors that circulate naturally in the bloodstream. By making use of sensitive in vivo and in vitro approaches, including direct cell isolation by FACS, we are investigating the extrinsic factors and interactions that control stem cell function in aged animals. Our current studies have pointed us toward a discrete set of metabolic regulators and inflammatory cytokines, which may alter the signals that stem cells receive from their environment in aged animals. The knowledge we gain from these ongoing studies will help to define novel strategies to delay or reverse the onset of age-related disease, extending the healthful life of aging individuals.

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Stem Cell Quiescence versus Senescence: The Key for Healthy Aging

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v13i4.1655 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 337-49

Author(s):

Anna Meiliana ◽

Nurrani Mustika Dewi ◽

Andi Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Adult Stem Cell ◽

Cell Aging ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Age Related ◽

Cell Decline ◽

Tissue Specific Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: Aging tissues lose their homeostatic and regenerative capacities, which has been linked to the degeneration of the stem cells such as the tissue-specific stem cells, the stem cell niches, and systemic cues that regulate stem cell activity.CONTENT: The maintenance of tissue homeostatic and regeneration dependent on its tissue-specific stem cells, that —long-lived cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into mature cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that governs stem cell survival, self-renewal, quiescence, proliferation, and commitment to specific differentiated cell lineages is critical for identifying the drivers and effectors of age-associated stem cell failure. Such understanding will be critical for the development of therapeutic approaches that can decrease, and possibly reverse and repair the age-related degenerative process in aging tissues.SUMMARY: The exact mechanisms and reasons of aging process were not fully elucidated until now. Stem cells is one of the keys for maintaining tissues heath and understanding how stem cell decline with age will give us opportunities to find strategy in increasing somatic stem cells regenerative capacity and delay the aging process.KEYWORDS: adult stem cell, aging, epigenetic, metabolism, quiescence, senescence

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How do tissue-specific stem cells produce specialized cells? What is the stem-cell niche?

Nature Reports Stem Cells ◽

10.1038/stemcells.2007.15 ◽

2007 ◽

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Niche ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Cell Niche ◽

Tissue Specific Stem Cells

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Oncogenic somatic events in tissue-specific stem cells: A role in cancer recurrence?

Ageing Research Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 100-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F.P. Hartwig ◽

F. Nedel ◽

T. Collares ◽

S.B.C. Tarquinio ◽

J.E. Nör ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Recurrence ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Tissue Specific Stem Cells

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5. Tissue-specific stem cells

10.1093/actrade/9780198869290.003.0005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 75-89

Author(s):

Jonathan Slack

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Es Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Cell Surface Molecules ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Surface Molecules ◽

Induced Pluripotent ◽

Tissue Specific Stem Cells

‘Tissue-specific stem cells’ explores tissue-specific stem cells, which are stem cells found in the postnatal body that are responsible for tissue renewal or for repair following damage. Tissue-specific stem cells share with pluripotent stem cells the same ability to persist indefinitely as a population, to reproduce themselves, and to generate differentiated progeny cells. However, tissue-specific stem cells share few molecular characteristics with embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), such as expression of specific transcription factors or cell surface molecules. Only renewal tissues have stem cells in the sense of a special population of cells that reproduce themselves and continue to generate differentiated progeny.

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