scholarly journals Stem Cell Quiescence versus Senescence: The Key for Healthy Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-49
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Nurrani Mustika Dewi ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: Aging tissues lose their homeostatic and regenerative capacities, which has been linked to the degeneration of the stem cells such as the tissue-specific stem cells, the stem cell niches, and systemic cues that regulate stem cell activity.CONTENT: The maintenance of tissue homeostatic and regeneration dependent on its tissue-specific stem cells, that —long-lived cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into mature cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that governs stem cell survival, self-renewal, quiescence, proliferation, and commitment to specific differentiated cell lineages is critical for identifying the drivers and effectors of age-associated stem cell failure. Such understanding will be critical for the development of therapeutic approaches that can decrease, and possibly reverse and repair the age-related degenerative process in aging tissues.SUMMARY: The exact mechanisms and reasons of aging process were not fully elucidated until now. Stem cells is one of the keys for maintaining tissues heath and understanding how stem cell decline with age will give us opportunities to find strategy in increasing somatic stem cells regenerative capacity and delay the aging process.KEYWORDS: adult stem cell, aging, epigenetic, metabolism, quiescence, senescence

scholarly journals Germline competent mesoderm: the substrate for vertebrate germline and somatic stem cells?

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Savage ◽  
Ramiro Alberio ◽  
Andrew D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

ABSTRACT In vitro production of tissue-specific stem cells [e.g. haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)] is a key goal of regenerative medicine. However, recent efforts to produce fully functional tissue-specific stem cells have fallen short. One possible cause of shortcomings may be that model organisms used to characterize basic vertebrate embryology (Xenopus, zebrafish, chick) may employ molecular mechanisms for stem cell specification that are not conserved in humans, a prominent example being the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs). Germ plasm irreversibly specifies PGCs in many models; however, it is not conserved in humans, which produce PGCs from tissue termed germline-competent mesoderm (GLCM). GLCM is not conserved in organisms containing germ plasm, or even in mice, but understanding its developmental potential could unlock successful production of other stem cell types. GLCM was first discovered in embryos from the axolotl and its conservation has since been demonstrated in pigs, which develop from a flat-disc embryo like humans. Together these findings suggest that GLCM is a conserved basal trait of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, the immortal nature of germ cells suggests that immortality is retained during GLCM specification; here we suggest that the demonstrated pluripotency of GLCM accounts for retention of immortality in somatic stem cell types as well. This article has an associated Future Leaders to Watch interview with the author of the paper.

New insights into skin stem cell aging and cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Ortells ◽  
William M. Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stem Cell Aging ◽  
Growth Properties

Adult tissue homoeostasis requires continual replacement of cells that are lost due to normal turnover, injury and disease. However, aging is associated with an overall decline in tissue function and homoeostasis, suggesting that the normal regulatory processes that govern self-renewal and regeneration may become impaired with age. Tissue-specific SCs (stem cells) lie at the apex of organismal conservation and regeneration, ultimately being responsible for continued tissue maintenance. In many tissues, there are changes in SC numbers, or alteration of their growth properties during aging, often involving imbalances in tumour-suppressor- and oncogene-mediated pathways. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms leading to changes in SC function during aging will provide an essential tool to address tissue-specific age-related pathologies. In the present review, we summarize the age-related alterations found in different tissue SC populations, highlighting recently identified changes in aged HFSCs (hair-follicle SCs) in the skin.

Age-Related Changes in Tissue-Specific Stem Cells.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. sci-3-sci-3
Author(s):  
Amy J. Wagers ◽  
Massimiliano Cerletti ◽  
Shane R. Mayack ◽  
Francis S. Kim ◽  
Jennifer L. Shadrach
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

Abstract Aging of multicellular organisms typically involves progressive decline in the body’s ability to maintain homeostatic cell replacement and to regenerate tissues and organs after injury. In both the blood and the skeletal muscle, aging significantly impairs regenerative activity and can dysregulate normal homeostatic production of mature cells. These age-acquired defects in tissue function profoundly impact the health of older individuals, as evidenced by the high incidence of age-related muscle deterioration (sarcopenia), bone marrow failure, immune dysfunction, and blood cancers in the elderly. How aging causes deterioration of tissue function is poorly understood, but several lines of evidence suggest that loss or functional impairment of tissue-specific stem cells directly contributes to age-dependent failures in tissue repair. Interestingly, the effects of aging on tissue stem cell function appear to arise at least in part from alterations in the aged tissue environment, which can inhibit stem cell activity in older animals and may be regulated by factors that circulate naturally in the bloodstream. By making use of sensitive in vivo and in vitro approaches, including direct cell isolation by FACS, we are investigating the extrinsic factors and interactions that control stem cell function in aged animals. Our current studies have pointed us toward a discrete set of metabolic regulators and inflammatory cytokines, which may alter the signals that stem cells receive from their environment in aged animals. The knowledge we gain from these ongoing studies will help to define novel strategies to delay or reverse the onset of age-related disease, extending the healthful life of aging individuals.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Stem Cell Aging

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Nurrani Mustika Dewi ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Age Related

BACKGROUND: Regardless of the precise underlying molecular mechanisms, the fundamental defining manifestation of aging is an overall decline in the functional capacity of various organs to maintain baseline tissue homeostasis and to respond adequately to physiological needs under stress. There is an increasingly urgent need for a more complete understanding of the molecular pathways and biological processes underlying aging and age-related disorders.CONTENT: Mitochondria constitute the most prominent source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and are implicated in multiple anabolic and catabolic circuitries. In addition, mitochondria coordinate cell-wide stress responses and control non-apoptotic cell death routines. The involvement of mitochondria in both vital and lethal processes is crucial for both embryonic and postembryonic development, as well as for the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Age-associated telomere damage, diminution of telomere ‘capping’ function and associated p53 activation have emerged as prime instigators of a functional decline of tissue stem cells and of mitochondrial dysfunction that adversely affect renewal and bioenergetic support in diverse tissues. Constructing a model of how telomeres, stem cells and mitochondria interact with key molecules governing genome integrity, ‘stemness’ and metabolism provides a framework for how diverse factors contribute to aging and age-related disorders.SUMMARY: Cellular senescence defined as an irreversible proliferation arrest promotes age-related decline in mammalian tissue homeostasis. The aging of tissue-specific stem cell and progenitor cell compartments is believed to be central to the decline of tissue and organ integrity and function in the elderly. Taken into consideration that the overwhelming majority of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are of mitochondrial origin, it is reasonable to posit that the elevated ROS production might be caused by alteration in mitochondrial function during senescence. It is likely that mitochondria and stem cells will remain at the forefront of aging research also for the next decade.KEYWORDS: aging, stem cell, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, senescence, telomeres

scholarly journals Stem Cells: The Future Promise of Stem Cells in Healthspan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
Ashley Webb
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Stem Cell Aging ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

Abstract Tissue specific stem cells are critical for maintenance and repair of tissues and organs throughout life. However, during aging, the functionality of stem cells declines, contributing to tissue decline. This symposium will focus on the mechanisms underlying stem cell aging in various compartments, including muscle, brain and the hematopoietic system.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Caffeic Acid Lead to Protection of Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cell Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Sheng ◽  
Yuedan Zhu ◽  
Juanyu Zhou ◽  
La Yan ◽  
Gang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tissue Aging

The dysfunction or exhaustion of adult stem cells during aging is closely linked to tissue aging and age-related diseases. Circumventing this aging-related exhaustion of adult stem cells could significantly alleviate the functional decline of organs. Therefore, identifying small molecular compounds that could prevent the age-related decline of stem cell function is a primary goal in anti-aging research. Caffeic acid (CA), a phenolic compound synthesized in plants, offers substantial health benefits for multiple age-related diseases and aging. However, the effects of CA on adult stem cells remain largely unknown. Using the Drosophila midgut as a model, this study showed that oral administration with CA significantly delayed age-associated Drosophila gut dysplasia caused by the dysregulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) upon aging. Moreover, administering CA retarded the decline of intestinal functions in aged Drosophila and prevented hyperproliferation of age-associated ISC by suppressing oxidative stress-associated JNK signaling. On the other hand, CA supplementation significantly ameliorated the gut hyperplasia defect and reduced environmentally induced mortality, revealing the positive effects of CA on tolerance to stress responses. Taken together, our findings report a crucial role of CA in delaying age-related changes in ISCs of Drosophila.

scholarly journals Rejuvenating Strategies of Tissue-specific Stem Cells for Healthy Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-jun Wang ◽  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Qinggui Liu ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

scholarly journals Loss of foxo rescues stem cell aging in Drosophila germ line

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Artoni ◽  
Rebecca E Kreipke ◽  
Ondina Palmeira ◽  
Connor Dixon ◽  
Zachary Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Reentry

Aging stem cells lose the capacity to properly respond to injury and regenerate their residing tissues. Here, we utilized the ability of Drosophila melanogaster germline stem cells (GSCs) to survive exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) as a model of adult stem cell injury and identified a regeneration defect in aging GSCs: while aging GSCs survive exposure to IR, they fail to reenter the cell cycle and regenerate the germline in a timely manner. Mechanistically, we identify foxo and mTOR homologue, Tor as important regulators of GSC quiescence following exposure to ionizing radiation. foxo is required for entry in quiescence, while Tor is essential for cell cycle reentry. Importantly, we further show that the lack of regeneration in aging germ line stem cells after IR can be rescued by loss of foxo.

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