scholarly journals Case Study: Microbial inoculant and ensiling time effects on fermentation profile, nitrogen fractions, and ruminal in vitro and in situ starch digestibility in corn shredlage and late-maturity corn silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Ferraretto ◽  
S.M. Fredin ◽  
R.E. Muck ◽  
R.D. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Late Maturity

Effect of ensiling time and hybrid type on fermentation profile, nitrogen fractions, and ruminal in vitro starch and neutral detergent fiber digestibility in whole-plant corn silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Ferraretto ◽  
R.D. Shaver ◽  
S. Massie ◽  
R. Singo ◽  
D.M. Taysom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fermentation Profile

scholarly journals Effects of the types of sealing on chemical-fermentation characteristics of corn silage from the feed out face of trench silos

2021 ◽  
pp. 1891-1908
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
◽  
Fernando Braga Cristo ◽  
Giovanna Bobato Pontarolo ◽  
Marlon Richard Hilario da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Polyamide Film

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different types of sealing on the physical losses of dry matter, chemical and fermentation characteristics and in situ digestibility of the dry matter of corn silage stored in the feed out face (ramp) of trench silos. The experimental design used randomized blocks, composed of three treatments, namely: T1 - corn silage preserved with double-sided polyethylene of 110 μm thickness (conventional seal); T2 - corn silage preserved with double-sided polyethylene of 200 μm thickness (double-sided); and T3 - corn silage preserved with oxygen-impermeable film composed of double-sided polyethylene of 80 μm thickness on a translucent vacuum polyamide film of 20 μm thickness (double sealing), with four repetitions each. The use of double-sided polyethylene with 200 μm thickness (double-sided) and oxygen impermeable film composed of double-sided polyethylene and polyamide (double sealing), were effective in preserving the chemical composition, fermentation profile, raw protein composition and fiber quality, in addition, the use of these polymers resulted in greater ruminal digestibility of dry matter and reduced the pH, temperature, temperature gradient and physical losses of corn silage from the feed out face (ramp) of trench silos compared to the conventional sealing.

Response of common silage corn hybrids to inoculant application: fermentation profile, carbohydrate fractions, and digestibility during ensiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Marija Duvnjak ◽  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Darko Grbeša
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality

Corn silage digestibility studies have focussed on genetically distant corn types. Conversely, silage additive studies monitored fermentation differences without discussing the subject of hybrid digestibility. How ensiling phases and additives affect silage quality in commercial corn hybrids has not been properly examined yet. As corn silage quality is a result of combined silage fermentation and digestibility characteristics, the aim of the study was to examine fermentation and digestibility responses to inoculant application in whole-plant corn silage of commercial hybrids intended for silage production in several time points during ensiling. Three corn hybrids grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test were ensiled without inoculant application and with inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Silages were sampled before ensiling, at the peak of the fermentation phase and during the stable phase. The fermentation profile, carbohydrate fraction, ruminal in vitro true dry matter digestibility, ruminal in vitro starch digestibility, and ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility were monitored. Although adding inoculant to silage improved its lactic acid production and decrease in pH, it did not affect its starch and fibre contents or their digestibility. Digestibility improved as ensiling continued, with the highest in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and in vitro true dry matter digestibility values observed in the stable phase. Corn hybrids in this study differed in main fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and digestibility. These results suggest that even for commercial corn hybrids, the hybrid type is more important than inoculant for optimising silage characteristics and digestibility.

scholarly journals Probing Membrane Protein Assembly into Nanodiscs by In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering: A2A Receptor as a Case Study

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana I. Reis ◽  
Isabel Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Functional Characterisation

Membrane proteins play a crucial role in cell physiology by participating in a variety of essential processes such as transport, signal transduction and cell communication. Hence, understanding their structure–function relationship is vital for the improvement of therapeutic treatments. Over the last decade, based on the development of detergents, amphipoles and styrene maleic-acid lipid particles (SMALPs), remarkable accomplishments have been made in the field of membrane protein structural biology. Nevertheless, there are still many drawbacks associated with protein–detergent complexes, depending on the protein in study or experimental application. Recently, newly developed membrane mimetic systems have become very popular for allowing a structural and functional characterisation of membrane proteins in vitro. The nanodisc technology is one such valuable tool, which provides a more native-like membrane environment than detergent micelles or liposomes. In addition, it is also compatible with many biophysical and biochemical methods. Here we describe the use of in situ dynamic light scattering to accurately and rapidly probe membrane proteins’ reconstitution into nanodiscs. The adenosine type 2A receptor (A2AR) was used as a case study.

Effect of mechanical processing of corn silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in situ bacterial colonization and dry matter degradation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kozakai ◽  
T. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Tanigawa ◽  
I. Osaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Rdna Copy

Rumen fermentation and bacterial colonization of mechanically processed corn silage were evaluated in a series of in vitro and in situ experiments using ruminally cannulated cows. Data from rumen-simulated continuous culture (Rusitec) showed that total VFA concentration was increased (P < 0.001) by feeding processed corn silage, while pH was reduced (P < 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Mechanical processing enhanced the in situ rate and extent of dry matter disappearance for corn stems and kernels, respectively (P < 0.05). It also enhanced in situ, the initial attachment of rumen bacteria responsible for corn digestion, as monitored by real-time PCR. The16S rDNA copy numbers of amylolytic and lipolytic bacteria, such as Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Anaerovibrio lipolytica, attached to corn kernels were increased for processed corn silage (P < 0.05), in particular at 2 h after the start of incubation. In addition, corn stemattached cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria, such as Fibrobacter succinogenes, ruminococci and Eubacterium ruminantium, increased in 16S rDNA copy numbers for processed corn silage (P < 0.05). This was observed for the initial incubation period from 10 min to 2 h. These results demonstrate more rapid attachment and heavier colonization of rumen bacteria to the processed compared with the unprocessed silage, which facilitates ruminal digestion and fermentation. Key words: Corn silage, mechanical processing, rumen fermentation, bacteria, attachment

scholarly journals PSXI-32 Ensiling time effects on nitrogen fractions and effects of ensiling corn and sorghum grains rehydrated on intake, ruminal and intestinal starch digestibility.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 424-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Valadares ◽  
B Silva ◽  
M Pacheco ◽  
A Menezes ◽  
L Godoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
Sorghum Grains
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