: Adat Law in Indonesia . B. ter Haar, E. Adamson Hoebel, A. Arthur Schiller.

1949 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Edwin M. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Vol 716 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Donna Asteria ◽  
Agus Brotosusilo ◽  
M R Soedrajad ◽  
F N Nugraha

Author(s):  
Fatahuddin Aziz Siregar

The South Tapanuli community adopts a patrilineal kinship system so that women do not get inheritance, even if there is acquisition of property, women receive it not in their capacity as heirs but in the form of holong ni ate as confirmed in the Supreme Court Jurisprudence number 506K / Sip / 1968 dated January 22, 1969 However, on the other hand the Tapsel community underwent a process of Islamization that was quite deep, so that the customary law of South Tapanuli was also influenced by positive law including Jurisprudence which gave heir to girls later issued by the Supreme Court number 528K / Sip / 1972 dated 17 January 1973. This rule makes the practice of distributing the assets of Tapsel's community inheritance also shifts no longer according to the full provisions of adat law.This paper focuses on answering the factors that cause the shift in Batak customary inheritance in Tapsel, how the form of Batak adat inheritance shifts in Tapsel, and how the role of Islamic law in the shifting Batak customary inheritance in Tapsel. To answer this, use descriptive-analytical field research using data collection techniques in the form of observations and interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, judges and the community who carry out the distribution of inheritance.From this search, the authors found that the practice of inheritance in Tapsel society has shifted from adat inheritance caused by two factors, namely, First, the factor of Islamic law because Tapsel people have understood Islam well and run it in various fields of life including in the distribution of inheritance. Given that there are dozens of Islamic education institutions in Tapsel according to the author has given a pretty good understanding of Islamic law. So in general it can be said, that this change is a consequence of the Islamization process experienced by the Tapsel people. Second, is the factor of higher power or positive law because until now the community still believes that only the Religious Courts as a place to solve the problem of inheritance to obtain legal certainty.The shift to adat inheritance occurs in several patterns. The first pattern is a total change from customary form to division according to faraid, this pattern occurs in areas that are fairly Islamic, namely the Mandailing Natal region, although of course there are some people who divide in a way that is not consistent in carrying out Islamic law. The second pattern is to carry out adat law, namely in communities that are relatively strict with adat, namely in the Padang Lawas and Sipirok regions, in this area many cases seem to have carried out faraid formally but the substance still reflects the spirit of adat law. The third pattern, namely the way of division which is a combination of Islamic law and customary law, which is a fairly moderate community in the Angkola region.Islamic law has contributed by shifting the implementation of customary law to Islamic law. People who according to customary law do not receive inheritance become heirs who receive a certain portion. At first the mother did not count as an heir, then given a part 1/3 or 1/6. Istdri initially did not get any portion of the inheritance then received 1/4 or 1/8. Girls initially only have the status of olong ate, then receive a relatively large portion, which is 1/2 or 2/3.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Sartika Intaning Pradhani

The purpose of this research is to analyze the control of Sriwijaya and Majapahit Kingdom towards their maritime territory and to learn whether their control may be practiced in the regulatory on the maritime territory of Unitary State Republic of Indonesia today. It is a legal normative research which has descriptive and analytical nature. The control of Sriwijaya and Majapahit Kingdom towards their maritime territory was conducted through adat law. Maritime territory of Indonesia today is controlled by the written law created by the government and the unwritten law practiced by the people.


Author(s):  
Tine Suartina

Tulisan ini berupaya melihat marjinalisasi adat, hukum adat serta implikasinya pada masyarakat adat. Dalam konteks Indonesia, meskipun Konstitusi dan beberapa aturan formal mengakui masyarakat adat, termasuk pranata adat, namun pada praktiknya telah terjadi upaya peminggiran jangka panjang. Ketidakkonsistenan kebijakan negara terhadap penerapan hukum adat memberikan peran dalam marjinalisasi komunitas adat pada berbagai tingkat. Melalui penelitian lapangan di tiga komunitas adat, Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Kasepuhan Karang dan Kasepuhan Guradog di bagian Barat Jawa serta perspektif pluralism hukum, tulisan ini menjelaskan kurangnya pengakuan pada hukum adat memberikan pengaruh tertentu pada masyarakat adat, termasuk dalam pengaturan kemasyarakatan dan penghidupan. Studi ini pun membuktikan bahwa meskipun hukum adat secara praktis tidak diadopsi oleh negara, dalam beberapa kasus, masyarakat adat menemukan strategi untuk mempertahankan keyakinan dan praktik hukum adat di komunitasnya. Untuk itu, dalam konteks lebih luas, hal yang ingin disampaikan adalah, upaya marjinalisasi tidak mampu menghapuskan praktik adat dan hukum adat secara keseluruhan. Ketiga kasus memperlihatkan hingga saat ini praktik multi sistem hukum di masyarakat plural seperti Indonesia masih diterapkan, baik dalam situasi konflik maupun berdampingan. Selain itu, dalam mendiskusikan implementasi hukum di Indonesia dari perspektif masyarakat, pembedaan sistem formal dan informal di masyarakat tetap diperlukan dan unifikasi hukum hanya berfungsi dalam batas tertentu.This paper attempts to see adat and adat law marginalizations, and the implications on adat peoples. In Indonesia, despite the recognition for adat peoples in the Constitution and formal rules, including adat institutions, in practice there has been a long-term marginalization. The inconsistent State’s policies towards the adat law application play a role in the marginalization of adat communities at various levels. Having field research in Ciptagelar, Karang and Guradog kasepuhan communities in western Java and legal pluralism perspective, this paper elucidates the lack of adat law recognition giving certain impacts on adat peoples, including on their social lives and livelihood. This study also proves that although adat law is not practically adopted by the State, in some cases, adat peoples find strategies to maintain their beliefs and adat law. Thus, in a broader context, the marginalization is unable to eliminate adat and adat law as a whole. To date the practice of multi-legal systems in a plural society, such as Indonesia, still takes place, both in conflict and coexistence. Moreover, in discussing Indonesia’s implementation of law from a community perspective, the distinction between formal and informal systems is still needed and legal unification only functions within certain limits


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-124
Author(s):  
Sartika Intaning Pradhani

Scientific study on adat law starts from empirical research, which finds that adat law does not stand alone but works together with other legal orders. This paper is written based on normative legal research by collecting secondary data to answer (1) how legal pluralism explains adat law and adat law community; and (2) how the application of legal pluralism approach in adat law study. The legal pluralism approach explains adat law not as an isolated/marginalized legal order but as a dynamic legal order which interacts with national and international law. From the perspective of legal pluralism, the adat law community is a semi-autonomous social field that produces rules from the interplay between the adat law community and other legal communities/institutions. Categorization of legal pluralism approach application are as follow: first, weak legal pluralism where state law recognizes adat law either by law and regulation or court decision; second, strong legal pluralism which describes through the semi-autonomous social field, shopping forum, and forum shopping concept; third, legal pluralism multi-sited which explain the relationship between legal phenomena in local, national, and international level; and elaborate the role of information, communication, and technology which bridges legal phenomenon from one to another. Abstrak Kajian ilmiah terhadap hukum adat berangkat dari penelitian lapangan yang menemukan bahwa hukum adat tidak pernah berdiri sendiri dan selalu berinteraksi dengan tertib hukum yang lain. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder berupa laporan-laporan penelitian dan artikel jurnal untuk untuk menjawab (1) bagaimana pendekatan pluralisme hukum menjelaskan hukum adat dan masyarakat hukum adat; dan (2) bagaiamana pendekatan pluralisme hukum digunakan dalam studi hukum adat hari ini. Pendekatan pluralisme hukum memahami hukum adat tidak sebagai suatu ketertiban hukum yang terpisah atau termarginalisasi dari ketertiban hukum yang lain, tetapi secara dinamis terus berinteraksi dengan hukum nasional maupun internasional. Dari perspektif pluralisme hukum, masyarakat hukum adat merupakan suatu wilayah sosial semi otonom yang melahirkan hukum berdasarkan hubungan saling memengaruhi dengan masyarakat hukum lain. Penerapan pendekatan pluralisme hukum dalam studi hukum adat dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga kategori. Pertama, pluralisme hukum lemah di mana negara mengakui hukum adat baik melalui peraturan perundang-undangan maupun putusan pengadilan. Kedua, pluralisme hukum kuat yang dideskripsikan melalui konsep wilayah sosial semi-otonom, forum shopping, dan shopping forum. Terakhir, pluralisme hukum multi-sited yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan berbagai fenomena hukum antara hukum adat (lokal), nasional, dan internasional serta peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam menjembatani hubungan tersebut.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Ratno Lukito

The distinction in the normative character of legal traditions will give an effect of the state different attitude to those traditions. In the case of Islamic law and adat law in Indonesia, we see that although having different basic character in terms of its foundation of legal creation, Islamic law can relatively be closer to the character of the state law, which is uniform and nationally effective. It is clear here that the nationalization of Islamic law built on the basis of its adherents, and not on the tribe, clan, language, or other local denominations, becomes an effective tool for its rapprochement with the state law, which is also nationalized on the basis of citizenship. Thus, although it is not possible to equalize Islamic law and state law due to the sacredness of the religious law, the scope in the efficacy of both laws can be an effective means of legal rapprochement. This is however not the case with adat law. The character of adat law as a local and heterogeneous legal tradition is intrinsically not in line with the philosophy of national law, which is anti-localism and homogeneous. It is just impossible to bring adat law to become an effective law for all Indonesian citizens. As a result, the rapprochement is difficult between adat law and state law.


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