The Organization of Roman Religious Beliefs

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES KING
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
Personal Commitment ◽  
The Way

Abstract: This study will focus on the differences in the way that Roman Paganism and Christianity organize systems of beliefs. It rejects the theory that ““beliefs”” have no place in the Roman religion, but stresses the differences between Christian orthodoxy, in which mandatory dogmas define group identity, and the essentially polythetic nature of Roman religious organization, in which incompatible beliefs could exist simultaneously in the community without conflict. In explaining how such beliefs could coexist in Rome, the study emphasizes three main conceptual mechanisms: (1) polymorphism, the idea that gods could have multiple identities with incompatible attributes, (2) orthopraxy, the focus upon standardized ritual rather than standardized belief, and (3) pietas, the Roman ideal of reciprocal obligation, which was flexible enough to allow Romans to maintain relationships simultaneously with multiple gods at varying levels of personal commitment.

Latinus' Genealogy and the Palace of Picus (Aeneid 7, 45–9, 170–91)

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.J. Rosivach
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Royal Palace ◽  
The Way

In Aeneid 7. 1–285 Vergil colours his picture of early Latium with a religious atmosphere which can be fully appreciated only if these verses are read with an attentive awareness of Roman religious beliefs and practices. A detailed exegesis of all 285 verses would hardly be possible here, and I will limit myself to two major points, the account of Latinus' ancestry (45–9) and the description of the royal palace (170–91), both because these passages are interesting in themselves for the way they apparently contradict each other, and because they are good illustrations of how Vergil draws on the data of Roman religion, both its folklore and its cult, to fix in his reader's mind certain definite impressions about Latinus and the Latins.

Regulation of the Islamic Accounting Model in the Context of Russian Reality

Auditor ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Kh. Umarov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
The Way

The article examines the economic model for the implementation of accounting standards in accordance with the religious beliefs of Islam, the activities of organizations involved in the implementation of Islamic principles of economics and their difficulties along the way. As well as, the possibility of implementing legislative initiatives and regulatory documents of the Islamic economy in the Russian financial market is being considered.

scholarly journals Religious Beliefs: A Hidden Variable in the Performance of Science Teachers in the Classroom

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Classroom Practices ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Religious View ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Religiously Based ◽  
The Way

This article focuses on some of the challenges of teaching science in a culture where science and religion sometimes appear to be or are set at odds with each other. Apparent conflicts between scholarly claims and religious claims are not limited to science, however — they occur in almost every subject. Many topics included in science education are acknowledged as controversial issues, for example, evolution, cloning, abortion and genetic engineering. These issues pose problems for science teachers, especially in a religiously based culture, because of the nature of the conflict between the implications of a scientific study of some of these issues and religion. Some other issues may not formally conflict with religion but teachers' views, or the way they interpret the religious view regarding these controversial issues, can create a false contradiction, which might influence their performance and, in turn, influence their students' learning. Therefore, there is a need to understand teachers' personal religious beliefs and practices around some of these, and the way their beliefs influence their performance in the classroom. This article describes a study conducted to address these needs. The study looks at the role and influence of religion on the science teacher's performance. The findings highlighted the powerful influence of teachers' religious beliefs in dealing with or gaining new knowledge (the epistemology and the ontology of science). Also, the findings found that teachers' religious beliefs are among the major constructs that drive teachers' ways of thinking and classroom practices about scientific issues related to religion.

Recent Research in the Renaissance: Criticism and Patronage*

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Mayer Brown
Keyword(s):  
Harvard University ◽  
English Edition ◽  
Higher Criticism ◽  
Personal Commitment ◽  
The Way

The book that everyone in musicology is talking about this year—not just those of us working in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries—is Joseph Kerman's Contemplating Music (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985; called simply Musicology in the English edition). In it, Kerman argues against what he calls positivism, which he defines as a rigid and non-judgmental pursuit of dry facts, and in favor of the higher criticism, by which he seems to mean analysis—or at least some penetrating discussion of the way individual pieces work and what makes them great—informed by a sense of history and written in a humanistic style, with a personal commitment on the part of the author to the quality of the music with which he is concerned.

Trust in God, Forgiveness by God, and Death Anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Krause
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Way

Research on religion and death anxiety has produced many contradictory findings. These conflicting findings arise, in part, from inadequacies in the measurement of religion as well as problems with the way the data have been analyzed. The purpose of the current study is to develop and empirically evaluate a conceptual model that contains the following core hypotheses: (a) People who go to church more often will receive more spiritual support from fellow church members (spiritual support is assistance provided by coreligionists for the explicit purpose of increasing the religious beliefs and practices of the recipient). (b) Individuals who receive more spiritual support will be more likely to trust God. (c) Those who trust God more deeply will be more likely to feel forgiven by Him. (d) People who feel forgiven by God will experience less death anxiety. Findings from a recent nationwide survey provide support for each hypothesis.

scholarly journals Aktualizacja potencjału religii w ochronie ekosystemów leśnych

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Ryszard F. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Way

Declared by the United Nations as the International Year of the Forest, 2011 demonstrated the signi#cance of forest ecosystems to all humans and the entire Earth. Religions had already become important allies in preventing damage to forests. Different religious traditions offer various proposals for forest conservation and afforestation. Since 1970 and especially after the jubilee year of 2000, people of faith established many ecological organizations to engage in environmental conservation because of their religious beliefs. All major religious traditions have a lot to offer. This article examines the way organized religions and faith-based ecological organizations are engaged in many environmental projects concerning forest ecosystems. It looks at the ecological activity of faith-based organizations such as the Chipko Movement, Appiko movement, Swadhyaya community, and the Ecological Movement of St. Francis of Assisi. The article shows that the actualization of religious potential in protecting forests is accomplished through active prevention of deforestation and climate change, afforestation, and the implementation of environmentally friendly technology.  

scholarly journals From Anti-Vaxxer Moms to Militia Men: Influence Operations, Narrative Weaponization, and the Fracturing of American Identity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Weinberg ◽  
Jessica Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Sense Of Identity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

How in 2020 were anti-vaxxer moms mobilized to attend reopen protests alongside armed militia men? This paper explores the power of weaponized narratives on social media both to create and polarize communities and to mobilize collective action and even violence. We propose that focusing on invocation of specific narratives and the patterns of narrative combination provides insight into the shared sense of identity and meaning different groups derive from these narratives. We then develop the WARP (Weaponize, Activate, Radicalize, Persuade) framework for understanding the strategic deployment and presentation of narratives in relation to group identity building and individual responses. The approach and framework provide powerful tools for investigating the way narratives may be used both to speak to a core audience of believers while also introducing and engaging new and even initially unreceptive audience segments to potent cultural messages, potentially inducting them into a process of radicalization and mobilization.

Charles Darwin

On Purpose ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
South America ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on Charles Darwin who spent five years as the naturalist of the ship HMS Beagle, spending much time in South America and eventually going all the way around the globe. During this time Darwin's religious beliefs changed from fairly conservative Anglican to deist, a view he held for the next several decades, changing again at the end of his life to a form of agnosticism. Although by the nature of his work he had to spend much time thinking and writing about the science–religion relationship, he always claimed that by nature he was not a particularly a religious man. Darwin returned to England and in the next two years became first an evolutionist and then a Darwinian, meaning he discovered his mechanism of change, natural selection. What spurred the move to evolution was, above all, the distribution of the animals on the Galapagos Archipelago, a group of islands in the Pacific that the HMS Beagle visited in the final part of its journey.

Varro, Platonists, and Demons

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-163
Author(s):  
Gerard O'Daly
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Roman Religion

The chapter analyses Books 6–10, which engage in polemic against philosophically influenced interpretations of pagan religious beliefs. The principal themes are: criticism of pagan critics of traditional Roman religion, and of the attempt to develop a natural theology, focusing on Varro; continuation of polemic against polytheism in Roman religion; the value of some Platonist doctrines (on God and the soul) and the flaws of others (demons as intermediaries, reincarnation, lax monotheism); criticism of philosophical views (especially those found in the Neoplatonist Porphyry) on purification, mediation between the divine and the human, sacrifice, and the afterlife; Christians and permissible passions; pagan and Jewish-Christian views contrasted; the meaning of Christian sacrifice; Christ as the true mediator.

Race, Ethnicity, Species, Breed: Totemism and Horse-Breed Classification in America

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Borneman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Iconic Representation ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Formal Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Totem: the iconic representation of a specific ordering of plant and animal species. Clan: the representation of a group identity. Totemism: the relationship between totem and clan. From Emile Durkheim and his nineteenthcentury antecedents to Claude Lévi-Strauss, the discussion of totemism has addressed the way in which people classify themselves with reference to the animal and plant world. This discussion began with the observation among different exotic peoples of the widespread practice of arranging certain animal and plant species into a pattern that, while differing from culture to culture in content, seemed to indicate a consistent formal relationship between totem and clan. The iconic representation of so-called nature—the totem—seemed invariably the model for the representation of intra- or intergroup identity—for the clan.

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