Mangrove Forests under Dry Seasonal Climates in Costa Rica

2004 ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Mangrove Forests

scholarly journals Structural complexity and species composition of Potrero Grande and Santa Elena mangrove forests in Santa Rosa National Park, North Pacific of Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Loría-Naranjo ◽  
Jimena Samper-Villarreal ◽  
Jorge Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Pelliciera Rhizophorae ◽  
Santa Rosa National Park ◽  
Santa Elena

<p>La mayoría de los manglares del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica son de los más impactados en el país. Además, la información científica sobre la fisiología, ecología, estructura y geoquímica de estos manglares es limitada. Este estudio analizó la complejidad estructural y composición de especies de dos bosques de manglar del Pacífico Norte: Potrero Grande y Santa Elena. Las visitas al campo se realizaron entre mayo y junio del 2012. Se utilizó el método deCuadrantes Centrados en un Punto (PCQM) para estudiar la estructura del bosque. Se anotó las especies de mangle, altura, diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y densidad del dosel en diez puntos a lo largo de cada transecto. Así mismo, se registró la fauna asociada y cobertura de macroalgas epífitas sobre las raíces de mangle. En cada punto se determinó la salinidad de agua intersticial. Se calculó la densidad, área basal, dominancia, valor de importancia e índice de complejidad. <em>Rhizophora racemosa</em> fue la especie con mayor dominancia relativa y valor de importancia para ambos sitios. Santa Elena es el manglar con el mayor índice de complejidad (IC=26.9), lo cual podría deberse a la alta densidad encontrada. Potrero Grande es considerado como uno de los manglares más desarrollados de la costa del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica, dadas sus características estructurales (árboles con grandes alturas y DAP)y de composición de especies. La distribución conocida de <em>Pelliciera rhizophorae</em> en Costa Rica alcanzaba su límite norte en el manglar de Potrero Grande; sin embargo, este estudio extiende esta distribución más al norte, ya que se encontraron algunos individuos en Santa Elena. A diferencia de Potrero Grande, Santa Elena no cuenta con un sector marino protegido adyacente, esto ha resultado en la extracción de recursos y actividades turísticas incontroladas en la zona. Se recomienda la creación de un área de protección marina en la Bahía de Santa Elena para que sirva de zona de amortiguamiento al manglar.</p>

Structure of Mangrove Forests in Florida, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Costa Rica

Biotropica ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Pool ◽  
Samuel C. Snedaker ◽  
Ariel E. Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Mangrove Forests

scholarly journals Cambios en la cobertura de manglares en Bahía Culebra, Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica (1945-2010)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Benavides Varela ◽  
Jimena Samper Villarreal ◽  
Jorge Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Despite the economic and environmental services that mangroves provide, they continue to be threatened by overexploitation, pollution, and land use change. Costa Rica has mangrove areas on the Pacific and Caribbean coasts, and cover has been declining since the 1980s. However, data on mangrove coverage are not continually updated and are often based on inaccurate estimates. It is therefore necessary to assess the current extension and variation of the mangrove cover in recent years, to determine changes. The mangrove cover was analyzed in two mangrove forests located in Bahía Culebra, North Pacific: Iguanita and Playa Panamá. For this, aerial photographs and satellite imagery were used to study changes for a 65 year period (1945-2010). Spatio-temporal changes were found in mangroves coverage, and adjacent forests and areas without vegetation. Lower mangrove cover occurred during the 1970s (28.4 ha in Iguanita and 4.8 ha in Playa Panamá); but increased in recent years (38.9 ha in Iguanita and 12.0 ha in Panamá). Changes in forest cover by the Iguanita and Playa Panama mangroves were related to the history of land use around Bahía Culebra. Before 1980, there was extensive and intensive cattle ranching, increasing the deforestation rate; after that year, these practices were abandoned and secondary forest coverage increased until 2000. To ensure the adequate protection of mangroves, it is not only important to protect mangrove forests, but it is also necessary to establish buffer zones on their surroundings, to mitigate and/or reduce possible impacts.

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

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