No “Little Saigon” in L.A.

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-58
Author(s):  
Elwing Sương Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Central Americans ◽  
Vietnamese Refugees ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee

Starting in 1975, Los Angeles attracted what would become, within a decade, the largest concentration of resettled Vietnamese refugees in the United States. A combination of legacies led to the concentration of Vietnamese in Los Angeles: decades of U.S. involvement in Vietnam; Cold War foreign policy; domestic urban planning; and public housing policies born of the city’s history of racial segregation. These structural forces also drew many other immigrant groups to Los Angeles during the same period, as Koreans, Thais, Mexicans, and Central Americans likewise concentrated in L.A., each developing their own distinctive enclaves in the same districts and neighborhoods as the Vietnamese refugees. Refugee resettlement in Los Angeles in the 1970s and ’80s meant that the Vietnamese benefited from services and institutions established earlier for prior immigrant and refugee groups who had made their way to L.A., but also competition and conflict over space, markets, services, and resources, as well as cross-cultural cooperation and convergence. However, unlike some other newcomer groups, Vietnamese refugees had access to specific government-funded resources and opportunities, in addition to personal, professional, and military-related connections, that stemmed from the United States’ decades-long imperialist project in Vietnam. This article examines the settlement and placemaking experiences of Vietnamese refugees among other immigrant groups—overlap, similarities, and differences—in Los Angeles in this era.

Ballet in the Cold War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Searcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

During the Cold War, the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union developed cultural exchange programs, in which they sent performing artists abroad in order to generate goodwill for their countries. Ballet companies were frequently called on to serve in these programs, particularly in the direct Soviet-American exchange. This book analyzes four of the early ballet exchange tours, demonstrating how this series of encounters changed both geopolitical relations and the history of dance. The ballet tours were enormously popular. Performances functioned as an important symbolic meeting point for Soviet and American officials, creating goodwill and normalizing relations between the two countries in an era when nuclear conflict was a real threat. At the same time, Soviet and American audiences did not understand ballet in the same way. As American companies toured in the Soviet Union and vice versa, audiences saw the performances through the lens of their own local aesthetics. Ballet in the Cold War introduces the concept of transliteration to understand this process, showing how much power viewers wielded in the exchange and explaining how the dynamics of the Cold War continue to shape ballet today.

Response to James Lebovic's review of Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jervis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cold War

Among the many issues raised by James Lebovic's perceptive review are two that strike me as crucial: the relationships between intelligence and social science and those between intelligence and policymaking. The first itself has two parts, one being how scholars can study intelligence. Both access and methods are difficult. For years, diplomatic historians referred to intelligence as the “hidden dimension” of their subject. Now it is much more open, and Great Britain, generally more secretive than the United States, has just issued the authorized history of MI5 (see Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, 2009). Since the end of the Cold War, the CIA has released extensive, if incomplete, records, and the bright side (for us) of intelligence failures is that they lead to the release of treasure troves of documents, which can often be supplemented by memoirs and interviews. But even more than in other aspects of foreign policy analysis, we are stuck with evidence that is fragmentary. In this way, we resemble scholars of ancient societies, who forever lament the loss of most of the material they want to study.

Not Imprisonment in a Legal Sense

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Lytle Hernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant Detention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

The third chapter is a western tale of national and global import. That tale, which sutures the split between the history of incarceration within the United States and the history of deportation from the United States, swirls around the passage of the 1892 Geary Act, a federal law that required all Chinese laborers in the United States to prove their legal residence and register with the federal government or be subject to up to one year of imprisonment at hard labor and, then, deportation. Chinese immigrants rebelled against the new law, refusing to be locked out, kicked out, or singled out for imprisonment. Launching the first mass civil disobedience campaign for immigrant rights in the history of the United States, Chinese immigrants forced the U.S. Supreme Court to issue a set of sweeping and enduring decisions regarding the future of U.S. immigration control. Buried in those decisions, which cut through Los Angeles during the summer of 1893, lay the invention of immigrant detention as a nonpunitive form of caging noncitizens within the United States. It was then an obscure and contested practice of indisputably racist origins. It is now one of the most dynamic sectors of the U.S. carceral landscape.

A Brief History of Central America

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Rachel Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Americans ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Events ◽  
History Of

The history of Central America directly impacts current events, and exploring the social, political, and economic reasons why Guatemalans and other Central Americans emigrate to the United States deepens our connections to family stories and legacies. This chapter offers a brief overview of the region....

The Unbearable Whiteness of Grand Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 329-345
Author(s):  
Adriane Lentz-Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Foreign Relations ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter explores grand strategy as an intellectual and cultural project by considering its willful unseeing of race as a political project. To ignore race is to misapprehend how power works in the United States and how domestic formulations of subjectivity, difference, and racialized power imbue American foreign relations. The chapter focuses on African Americans in the era of Cold War civil rights. For Carl Rowan and Sam Greenlee, the two African American veterans who provide concrete cases for thinking about the United States and the world, their blackness and ambitions for their people would color how they interpreted America's role in political and military struggles in the Third World and beyond. As with other people of color, their encounters with white supremacy shaped their understandings of liberation, violence, and the United States security project. Their perspectives challenge scholars’ conceptions of the Cold War as a period of “defined clear national interests” and “public consensus.” Centering the stories of Rowan and Greenlee highlights not simply ongoing contestation over the myth and history of the Cold War, but, more fundamentally, the unthinking whiteness of grand strategy itself.

Archaeology enters the ‘atomic age’: a short history of radiocarbon, 1946–1960

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
EMILY M. KERN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Manhattan Project ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short History ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
History Of

AbstractToday, the most powerful research technique available for assigning chronometric age to human cultural objects is radiocarbon dating. Developed in the United States in the late 1940s by an alumnus of the Manhattan Project, radiocarbon dating measures the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (C14) in organic material, and calculates the time elapsed since the materials were removed from the life cycle. This paper traces the interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeology and radiochemistry that led to the successful development of radiocarbon dating in the early 1950s, following the movement of people and ideas from Willard Libby's Chicago radiocarbon laboratory to museums, universities and government labs in the United States, Australia, Denmark and New Zealand. I show how radiocarbon research built on existing technologies and networks in atomic chemistry and physics but was deeply shaped by its original private philanthropic funders and archaeologist users, and ultimately remained to the side of many contemporaneous Cold War scientific and military projects.

Moving from “Foreign Mission” to “World Mission” in South Korea and the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Korean Presbyterian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Tensions ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
World Mission

This article traces the evolving attitudes and relationships of Korean Protestants and American missionaries after 1945 through an investigation of the rise of one Korean Presbyterian pastor, Kyung-Chik Han, as a renowned religious leader at home and abroad during the escalation of the Cold War in the 1950s, and the uneasy transitions within the American Presbyterian missions in Korea. The analysis of Han’s sermons and addresses in Korea and the West, popular American Protestant magazines, and American missionary documents illumines the creation of new transnational Christian partnerships, the presence of ongoing cross-cultural tensions, and the emergence of new challenges between Korean Protestants and American missionaries as the positions of authority started to shift. This study concludes with broader observations connecting the history of the relationships between Han and American Protestants to some of the problems with contemporary interpretations of the changing dynamics and mission flows in world Christianity. 本文追溯1945年后南韩基督徒和美国宣教士不断改变的态度及关系。这是透过对一位长老会牧者坤赤翰的升起的研究调查，以及在韩国的美国长老会宣教会经历的不易的转折而达成的。坤赤翰是五十年代逐渐升级的冷战期间在国内外著名的宗教领袖，对他的讲章，及其在韩国和西方，美国的基督教杂志及宣教文件里的发言的分析，我们可以发现新的跨国基督徒合作的开始，持续的跨文化张力的存在，以及当权力开始转移时韩国基督徒及美国宣教士所面临的新的挑战。这个研究得出更广义的结论，即是翰与美国基督徒之间关系的这段历史，可以联系到世界基督教不断改变的宣教流所面临的当代诠释问题。 Este artículo describe la relación y las actitudes que van surgiendo entre protestantes coreanos y misioneros estadounidenses desde1945 en adelante. Investiga el surgimiento del pastor coreano presbiteriano, Kyung-Chik Han, como líder religioso de renombre tanto en su país como en el extranjero durante la escalada de la Guerra Fría en la década de 1950. Trata, además, sobre las incómodas transiciones dentro de las misiones de presbiterianos americanos en Corea. El análisis de sermones y discursos de Han en Corea y occidente, de revistas populares norteamericanas, y documentos misioneros estadounidenses explica la creación de nuevas asociaciones cristianas transnacionales, la presencia de tensiones interculturales en curso, y la aparición de nuevos retos entre protestantes coreanos y misioneros estadounidenses cuando los lugares de autoridad empiezan a cambiar. Este estudio concluye con observaciones más amplias que relacionan la historia entre Han y los protestantes norteamericanos a algunos de los problemas con interpretaciones contemporáneas sobre la dinámica cambiante y los flujos de la misión en el cristianismo mundial. This article is in English.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Abrams Ansari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Identity ◽  
American Composers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Changing Attitudes

The introduction provides an overview of the history of musical Americanism, from the 1920s to the 1970s, in tandem with an assessment of changing attitudes toward American identity in the United States. It introduces scholarly debates surrounding the Cold War politicization of serialism and tonality and describes the various opportunities for work with government exploited by American composers during the 1950s and 1960s. These opportunities included serving as advisers to the State Department, the US Information Agency, and organizations funded by the CIA, as well as touring overseas as government-funded cultural ambassadors. These contexts establish the basis for the book’s argument that the Cold War presented both challenges and opportunities for Americanist composers that would ultimately result in a rebranding of their style.

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