scholarly journals Keramičke čaše s varaždinskog Staroga grada

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Šimek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Production ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

In the course of 2006, the Archaeology Department of Varaždin Town Museum conducted the first major archaeological excavations of the outer fortification structures of the Old Town (Stari Grad). During the excavation of the northern and western wet ditches, dug in the course of the 16th century at the time of the large Renaissance modernisation of the mediaeval fort, numerous and various archaeological artefacts were collected. The artefacts were damaged and unusable, and had been thrown into the water of the defence ditch as useless rubbish. Simple conical glasses were identified among the large quantity of various pieces of ceramic crockery. These form one of the categories of tableware: drinking vessels. In an analysis of finds unearthed in this campaign, thirteen glasses of the same type have been identified. Although they differ in certain details, they still represent a recognisable typological category and are classified as simple conical glasses. Their stratigraphic location, as well as a comparison with known specimens from other sites dates the glasses to the Late Middle Ages and the 15th century, with their possible use also at the beginning of the 16th century. Given their simple workmanship, modest decoration and mass production, they indicate local production, and their use is associated with members of lower social classes inside the feudal fortifications.

scholarly journals Later Echoes of the So-called Kniazheskii Izbornik in Old Slavic Literatures

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
Anissava Miltenova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Romanian Orthodox Church ◽  
Slavia Orthodoxa ◽  
Romanian Orthodox

There is a proposition in palaeoslavistics that the reconstructed prototype of the Izbornik of 1076 is a composition designated as the Kniazheskii Izbornik, which originated from the time of the Bulgarian Tsar Peter (927–969). This article presents an overview of the contents of three manuscripts, which are copies of texts in the so-called Kniazheskii Izbornik: No. 162 from the collection of the Moscow Theological Academy, from the 15th century, Russian origin; No. 189 from the collection of the Hilandar Monastery and which is composed of two parts: Part 1 from the beginning of the 17th century, probably written by a copyist from Moldavia, and Part 2 from 1684, Russian in origin; and No. 280 (333) from the collection of St. Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 15th–16th century, Moldavian in origin. There are suggestions for primary sources of these manuscripts, and the article considers the paths by which texts identical to the Kniazheskii Izbornik found their way into miscellanies in the Late Middle Ages. The three miscellanies under discussion are important witnesses of the paraenetic literature in the earliest period of the Slavia Orthodoxa, which integrated homilies of John Chrysostom, question and answers, interpretations of the Scripture, wise sayings, narration, and apophthegmata from the Paterikon and fragments of the Kniazheskii Izbornik.

scholarly journals arcedianato de Nájera, un beneficio eclesiástico en manos de las oligarquías salmantinas en la Baja Edad Media

Medievalismo ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Luis PELÁEZ BOISMORAND
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Sobre Todo

El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el caso de los beneficios eclesiásticos patrimoniales en la Baja Edad Media en Castilla. Éstos no siempre caían bajo el control de las diócesis a las que estaban vinculados, recayendo este control administrativo y económico en ocasiones en manos de ciertas oligarquías castellanas. Los arcedianatos, siendo un beneficio eclesiástico de gran interés sobre todo por sus rendimientos económicos, sirvieron en ocasiones como moneda de cambio entre poderosas familias con intereses afines. Expondremos el caso del arcedianato de Nájera, que durante casi cien años estuvo en manos de ciertas familias de las oligarquías urbanas salmantinas entre el siglo XV e inicios del siglo XVI, como un ejemplo bien documentado de este caso e intentaremos describir algunos de los catalizadores que lo han provocado. In this work we examine the case of ecclesiastical office assets in Castile over the Late Middle Ages. These assets were not always controlled by the diocese to which they were attached. At times, they fell under the administrative and economic control of Castilian oligarchies. Arch-deaneries generated significant profits and were therefore the focus of strong interest. At times, powerful families linked by common interests used them as a bargaining chip. We will analyse the case of the arch-deanery of Nájera, which was held by a group of families belonging to the urban oligarchy of Salamanca for nearly a century, from the 15th century to the beginning of the 16th century. Our case of study constitutes a well-documented example that can help us to explain the roots of these phenomena.

Venedig und der „wilde Osten“

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-260
Author(s):  
Christof Paulus ◽  
Albert Weber
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Research Field ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Ranking Criteria ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
And Control

AbstractVenice is considered the best-informed community of the late Middle Ages. The study examines the availability of information for the second half of the 15th century, particularly with regard to the key year 1462/1463, and as a case study concentrates on areas of the supposed Venetian periphery of interest, above all Hungary and the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The result is a thoroughly differentiated system of information acquisition, verification and control. Means of communication, as well as different areas of interest of the Serenissima, can be identified. A distinction is made between information maps and communication maps. The latter also include the distribution of news from the lagoon city exchanged with foreign envoys. During the period concerned, news was exchanged in an astonishingly liberal way, in turn integrating the Serenissima into the information networks of the other Italian states. The study thus places the „information commodity“ within the research field of late medieval gift exchange and patronage structures. In short, a thoroughly pragmatic Venetian approach to news acquisition and evaluation can be observed. Verification of the quality of the information obtained was subject not least to quantitative and ranking criteria. Ultimately, the informational power of Venice was based above all on its outstanding reputation among its contemporaries.

scholarly journals “Making the face beautiful”(feature on medieval beauty products)

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Radivoj Radic
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bad Breath ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Beauty Products

In the Middle Ages, people had an ambivalent relationship to the beauty products: some were fully supportive of the attempts to beautify oneself, while the others, first and foremost the representatives of the church, frowned upon this notion. This feature represents a show?case of the advice and recipes for beautification from two medical collections created in the late Middle Ages. These are the Byzantine medical treatise (dating from 11th to 14th century) and the collection of Serbian medieval medicine, the so-called Hodoch Code (dating from the end of the 14th or beginning of the 15th century). The treatise is focusing more on the practical advice than theoretical knowledge, and its greatest part is dedicated to pharmacology. Hodoch Code (Hodoski zbornik) is in fact a therapeutic collection, and it consists of diverse medical texts. These collections contain the advice how to make one?s face white, hair black or blond, but most certainly rich in volume, as well as recipes for treating facial lines, warts, freckles, cracked lips or bad breath.

Pottery Complex of the Second Half 13th – First Half 15th Centuries from Excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 136-179
Author(s):  
Pavlo Nechytaylo ◽  
◽  
Olena Onohda ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Culture Development

The paper analyses ceramics and buildings remains of the second half 13th – first half 15th centuries, coming from excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi. It aims to introduce materials into scientific circulation, to compare the collection with synchronous objects from adjacent territories, to trace interactions in the material culture development in late medieval towns. Ceramics of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania times began to be systematically researched relatively recently in Ukraine. Thus, the materials from Kamianets-Podilskyi contribute to deepening our knowledge of less-known periods in the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Materials analyzed were obtained during rescue archaeological research on the Polish Market square in Kamianets. These were fragmented parts of underground and aboveground building structures, as well as a collection of various household items. Building materials were mostly local clays and loam, less often wood and stone were used. A set of clay ‘roll’ blocks set in one of the pits allows us to assume similarity with the Golden Horde building technologies. Finds of coins and Crimean polychrome bowls fragments also indicate the complex emerged during the Golden Horde period. However, certain groups of pottery and coins of European minting define the complex upper date within the first half 15th century. Diverse ceramic types range from the complex is an interesting local typological phenomenon. It reflects mutual influences of the pottery traditions development both in time and space. After processing artefacts collection, the main groups of pottery were identified according to technological features. Some of them are rooted in the local ancient Rus’ traditions, others were formed under the influence of Western trends, while samples of a ‘specific’ group were common for almost the entire territory of modern Ukraine during Late Middle Ages. Pots collection was preliminary systematized up to 5 most common types selection, based on rim profiles. Many of them have a wide range of analogies, locally from Kamianets, as well as from the Western Ukraine, in Poland, Moldova and Romania. In addition to pots, the collection includes other types of kitchen and tableware, such as makitras, lids, jars and other single samples of ceramics. The typological diversity correlates with the multi-layered processes which took place in Kamianets-Podilskyi life during the Golden Horde and the Lithuanian periods. Materials from the complex, as well as other finds from synchronous objects within the city, deepen our understanding of the city’s development large-scale picture, which, however, requires further research.

scholarly journals Poeci polscy doby humanizmu wobec Rzymu / Polish Poets of the Age of Humanism and Rome

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-651
Author(s):  
Alina Nowicka-Jeżowa
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Holy See ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Model ◽  
Successive Generations

Summary Based on earlier research, and especially Tadeusz Ulewicz’s landmark study Iter Romano- -Italicum Polonorum, or the Intellectual and Cultural Links between Poland and Italy in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (1999) this article examines the influence of Rome - in its role as the Holy See and a centre of learning and the arts - on Poland’s culture in the 15th and 16th century as well as on the activities of Polish churchmen, scholars and writers who came to the Eternal City. The aim of the article is to trace the role of the emerging Humanist themes and attitudes on the shape of the cultural exchange in question. It appears that the Roman connection was a major factor in the history of Polish Humanism - its inner development, its transformations, and the ideological and artistic choices made by the successive generations of the Polish elite. In the 15th century the Roman inspirations helped to initiate the Humanist impulse in Poland, while in the 16th century they stimulated greater diversity and a search for one’s own way of development. In the post-Tridentine epoch they became a potent element of the Poland’s new cultural formation. Against the background of these generalizations, the article presents the cultural profiles of four poets, Mikołaj of Hussów, Klemens Janicjusz, Jan Kochanowski, and Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński. They symbolize the four phases of the Polish Humanist tradition, which draw their distinctive identities from looking up to the Roman model

„Im Namen Gottes des Allmächtigen!“

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Winzeler
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract„In the Name of God the Almighty!“, Swiss constitutional law on religions - balancing and apeacing in historic tradition. From the 16th century onwards, the Reformation and its consequences have influenced the development of the Swiss Confederation. During the late Middle Ages, the Confederation had been struggling to find its way as a system of treaties within a growing number of Cantons. The Reformation divided the Cantons in two ‚camps‘, both trying to defeat each other on the battlefield, which resulted in four successive Peace Treaties (‚Landfriedensbünde‘). 1847 there was a last civil war between the conservative or catholic ‚camp‘ and the liberal or protestant majority. From 1848 until 1973, the Federal Constitution contained discriminations against catholics, including a probihition of the Jesuits. In 2009, under changed circumstances, a new religious discrimination was introduced into the Constitution: the ban on minarets. Islam is now making a way through Swiss history comparable to that of Catholicism in the 19th century. Yet the law of the Cantons, developed over the centuries, provides for adequate instruments to cope with the challenges of the 21st century.

Spice Prices in the Near East in the 15th Century

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ashtor
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Near East ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
European Markets ◽  
Tremendous Impact

It is a well-known fact that the discovery of the sea route to India and the ensuing scarcity of spices and other Indian products on the markets of Alexandria and Damascus resulted in their prices rising steeply. Judging from Venetian sources, the change in the condition of the Levantine trade was considered catastrophic. On the other hand, some scholars have already drawn attention to the fact that pepper prices fell considerably on European markets in the period preceding the expedition of Vasco da Gama, and especially in the second quarter of the 15th century. It is probable, a priori, that this was caused by a downward trend of prices in the Near East. But other factors, such as the level of demand in European countries and the conditions of trade (communications with the Near East, direct or indirect trade), could also have influenced the course of spice prices in Europe. In order to explain the tremendous impact of the rise of spice prices at the beginning of the 16th century, I have suggested, in my Histoire des prix et des salaires, the probability of a fall of prices in the Near Eastern emporia in the pre-Vasco period. In a paper published a few years later I tried to substantiate this conjecture by additional materials and, further, by the supposition that it was accompanied by a great increase in the volume of the Levantine trade, and also a general price-decline in the Near East at the end of the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Le reintegre o platee dei Sanseverino di Bisignano: diritti e prelievo signorile nella Calabria settentrionale (secolo XV - prima metà del XVI)

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-151
Author(s):  
Riccardo Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political System ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of

The aim of this paper is to reassess the history of the Sanseverino family, princes of Bisignano in Calabria in the Late Middle Ages; by focusing on a specific and unpublished source: the so-called “reintegre or platee” as written in the first half of the 16th century. These are public sources mostly enlisting properties and benefits; they serve the purpose of re-possessing the privileges taken from the princes themselves over the previous century. The paper will therefore focus not only on the management and character of the seigneurial landholdings but also on the reconstruction of both the local networks of power exerted on the population and the local political system. It will shed new light on the still debated historiographical issue centered on the seigneurial authority in southern Italy by assessing its local rooting and pervasiveness since the 14th century.

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