The Effect of Mechanical Tongue Cleaning on Oral Malodor and Tongue Coating

Background: Mechanical tongue cleaning is an important oral hygiene procedure; it is known that a significant cause of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), a major component of bad breath, is due to the bacteria coating the tongue. This study was conducted to identify the effect of mechanical tongue cleaning on reducing bad breath and tongue coating. Methods: Various mechanical tongue-cleaning methods were studied, including removing tongue coating using a toothbrush, removing tongue coating using a tongue scraper, and removing tongue coating using a toothbrush and a tongue scraper together. The results were as follows. Results: First, the organic bad breath measurement value after cleaning the tongue significantly decreased in the group using only the toothbrush, the group using only the tongue scraper, and the group using both the toothbrush and the tongue scraper. However, there was no difference between the groups. Second, after cleaning the tongue, the measured values of the tongue coating in the values of WTCI (Winkel’s tongue coating index) and Qray view were significantly reduced in all three groups, and there was no difference between the groups. Third, the gas measurement value in the oral cavity using a machine significantly decreased only the H2S value of the group using the tongue scraper immediately after the mechanical tongue cleaning. Conclusions: From these results, it can be confirmed that mechanical tongue cleaning is effective at reducing bad breath and tongue coating. However, in this study, there was no difference in the reduction effect according to the tools (groups) used for mechanical tongue cleaning. It can therefore be seen that wiping accurately from the rear of the tongue to the front is more effective at reducing bad breath and tongue coating.

Natural mouthwash of sarang banua leaves (Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd) extractas a healthy solution during the covid-19 pandemic

The spread of the COVID-19 virus has shaken the world. The application of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) is the best effort to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Maintaining oral and dental hygiene can improve health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sarang Banua (Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd) is a local plant of North Sumatra, containing secondary metabolites of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and quinones that have bioactivity such as antibacterial and antioxidant. The preparation of Sarang Banua mouthwash (SABANA) made from the extract of the sarang banua leaves with a concentration of 0.5 grams in 100 ml of preparation (0.5%) has been formulated, evaluated by organoleptic, pH and antibacterial test. The results of organoleptic and pH tests showed that SABANA mouthwash preparations were brown and slightly cloudy, tasted very distinctive, fresh, and eliminated bad breath with a pH of 7 in accordance with quality standards. About 70% of the panelists stated that they really liked the color, aroma, taste and appearance of SABANA mouthwash preparations. The results of antibacterial test against the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans ATCC (25175) showed that 0.5% and 0.75% of the oral antibacterial mouthwash was found to be effective as oral antibacterial with an average inhibition zone diameter of 16.55 and 16.9 mm. Through the activities of the Student Creativity-Entrepreneurship Program, SABANA mouthwash have been produced and marketed in the local as well as outside the city by online and offline-shop and have the opportunity to develop into a new entrepreneur.

A ROBUST COMPUTATIONAL DYNAMICS OF FRACTIONAL-ORDER SMOKING MODEL WITH RELAPSE HABIT

The social habit of smoking has affected the whole world in a social manner. It is the main cause of diseases like cancers, asthma, bad breath, etc., and a source of spreading of infectious diseases like COVID-19. This work is related to an existing smoking model with relapse habit converted in fractional order. First, formulation of fractional-order smoking model is presented and then the dynamics of proposed problem is analyzed. Fixed-point theory via Banach contraction and Schauder theorems is used to derive the existence and uniqueness of the model. At last, the adaptive predictor–corrector algorithm and Runge–Kutta fourth-order (RK4) strategy are used to perform simulation. To bolster the validity of the theoretical results, a set of numerical simulations are performed. A good agreement between hypothetical and numerical results is demonstrated via numerical simulations using MATLAB software.

COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DENTAL ORTHOPEDIC MORBIDITY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE AND THE WAYS TO ELIMINATE IT

Social longevity of elderly people is largely determined by their dental health. The ability to talk freely without feeling socially awkward due to bad breath or visible absence of teeth greatly facilitates the lives of elderly people engaged in work. Unfortunately, the majority of elderly people have compromised dentitions, restored by dental prosthetic structures that meet social and functional requirements to varying degrees. The high need of elderly people in stomatological orthopedic treatment and the demand for comprehensive dental rehabilitation determined the relevance and purpose of this publication. Research methods. The object of the study was elderly people aged 60-74 years who sought dental orthopedic care in dental medical organizations, the sample size was 408 persons. Results. The maximum number of patients in the 60-74 age group was found to have complete absence of teeth – 26.5%, the total number of patients with the first, second, third and fourth classes according to Kennedy classification was 13,3%, 24,7%, 24,9%, 10,6% accordingly. The total number of patients with the first Kennedy subclasses (class 1-3) was 135 persons (33.1%), with the second subclasses – 69 persons (16.9%), with the third subclasses – 53 persons (13.0%). Conclusions. All types of orthopedic dental structures were manufactured for elderly patients. The choice of the dental prosthetic design used in orthopedic dental rehabilitation was determined by the type of dentition defect and met the principles of rational prosthetics.

Efficacy Of Oral Probiotic Streptococcus Salivarius K12 In The Prevention Of Halitosis (Bad Breath): A Systematic Review

Halitosis (bad breath) describes the foul and repulsive odours detected in the breath of people. Oral commensal probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 (BLIS K12TM) has been recognised to offer potential benefit in oral health. This is due to its ability to colonise the oral cavity and ward off pathogens implicated causing oral and dental ailment such as halitosis. The aim of this systematic review was to search and analyse 1) the published literature on orally targeted S. salivarius probiotic strain K12 and 2) its effects in conjunction with oral hygiene measures in reduction of halitosis. The research questions were formulated according to the PICO strategy. A broad search for published articles was conducted using the electronic databases such MEDLINE through PubMed, SciFinder and Web of Science by two independent reviewers. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. A total of 335 articles related to S. salivarius K12 were identified. Of these articles, after manually filtering out duplicates, 157 articles were identified as unique. All unique articles were screened on their titles and abstracts and another 154 were excluded. The full text of the remaining 3 articles were reviewed with relevance to halitosis were included in this review. The overall risk of bias of the selected trials was found to be of low risk. Studies with S. salivarius K12 demonstrated a significant reduction in halitosis parameters in conjunction with routine oral hygiene practices, especially when the application of the probiotic was combined with a pre-treatment of a strong mouthwash.

AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO ORODENTAL CARE: A REVIEW

Ayurveda being an ancient science of medicine places great emphasis on prevention of disease and encourages the maintenance of health. Now a day’s people are giving more importance to cosmetic care among that dental care plays an inevitable role. Dental care refers to maintenance of healthy teeth and oral hygiene. Good oral and dental hygiene can help to prevent bad breath, tooth decay and can help to keep your teeth as you get older. Your mouth can reflect the overall health of the body, showing signs of infection or disease before you experience other symptoms. Dentistry is included under Shalakya Tantra, which is one among the Ashtangas of Ayurveda. Different regimens which are explained under Dinacharya, various Ayurvedic drugs and Ayurvedic preparation can improve the Orodental health and existing damage can usually be repaired. Dantadhavana, Jivhanirlekha, Kavala, Gandusha, Pratisarana, Nasya and Tambulasevana are highly effective daily procedure for the maintenance of Orodental health. Diet is one of the major aetiological factors for many dental diseases and Ayurveda has explained Pathya Aharas for maintaining proper dental health. An Ayurvedic view of prevention of Orodental diseases through different regimens, Pathyapathyas and drugs are discussed in this article for giving the best possible Orodental health for the individual.

Gastroenterological symptoms and diet therapy in children with autism

Целью данного исследования было выявление различий в наличии и тяжести гастроэнтерологических жалоб у пациентов с расстройствами аутистического спектра в зависимости от стиля питания. В исследование включены родители 138 детей с данным диагнозом, 30 из которых привержены к соблюдению безглютеновой диеты более 6 месяцев. Возраст детей составлял от 3 до 15 лет. Дети были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от стиля питания. Первую группу составили 30 пациентов, придерживающихся безглютеновой диеты, во вторую включены 108 человек, не имеющих ограничений в питании. У каждого второго ребенка с расстройствами аутистического спектра выявлены значимые рецидивирующие гастроэнтерологические жалобы (52,8%, 73 из 138). Дети, соблюдающие безглютеновую диету, имеют меньше гастроэнтерологических жалоб, и они являются более редкими, кратковременными, эпизодическими, не нарушающими состояния ребенка, в то время как у детей, не приверженных к использованию диетотерапии, жалобы чаще носят персистирующий и рецидивирующий характер. Диарея и вздутие живота беспокоят детей на безглютеновой диете чаще. Наиболее распространенной жалобой в обеих группах является наличие тошноты (63,3% vs 62,9%). Дети, не имеющие ограничений в питании, имеют более широкий круг жалоб, среди них: избирательность в еде, запах изо рта, наличие непереваренных частиц пищи в кале. Перед включением безглютеновой диеты в курс терапевтических мероприятий при расстройствах аутистического спектра необходимы консультация гастроэнтеролога и проведение клинического обследования с целью уточнения наличия пищевой непереносимости у ребенка. Objective. To identify differences in the presence and severity of gastroenterological complaints in patients with ASD, depending on the eating style. Methods. The study included parents of 138 children diagnosed with ASD, 30 of whom are committed to HD for more than 6 months. The children ranged in age from 3 to 15 years. The children were divided into 2 groups depending on their eating style. The first group consisted of 30 patients who adhere to HD, the second included 108 people who do not have dietary restrictions.Results. Every second child with ASD had significant recurrent gastroenterological complaints (52,8%, 73 out of 138). Children who adhere to HDG have fewer gastroenterological complaints, and they are more rare, short-term, episodic, not violating the child's condition, while children who are not committed to using diet therapy, complaints are more often persistent and recurrent. Diarrhoea and bloating bother children on HD more often. The most common complaint in both groups is nausea (63,3% vs 62,9%). Children who do not have dietary restrictions have a wider range of complaints, among them: selectivity in food, bad breath. The presence of undigested food particles in the feces. Conclusion. Before including HD in the course of therapeutic measures for ASD, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist and conduct a clinical examination to clarify the presence of food intolerance in the child.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comosus) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Volatile Sulfur Compound (VSC) Pada Penderita Hipertensi Sekunder Di Puskesmas Padongko

Latar belakang: Mulut kering atau Xerostomia merupakan produksi saliva yang berkurang mengakibatkan sebagian besar fungsi saliva tidak dapat berperan dengan baik sehingga dapat menimbulkan meningkatnya Halitosis. Halitosis adalah kata lain yang berasal dari halitus (udara yang dihembuskan) dan osis (perubahan patologis) Foetor oris, Oral malodor, Mouth odor, Bad breath, and Bad mouth odor adalah nama lain untuk menggambarkan halitosis. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus) terhadap penurunan kadar Halitosis pada penderita Hipertensi yang mengkomsumsi obat-obatan anti hipertensi. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus) terhadap penurunan kadar Volatile sulfur compound (VSC) pada penderita hipertensi sekunder di puskesmas padongko. Bahan dan Metode: Metode True Exsperimental dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Pretest-Posttest. Objek penelitian yaitu penderita Hipertensi sekunder yang mengkonsumsi obat-obatan anti Hipertensi dengan jumlah 16 orang. Pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS versi 25 dengan menggunkan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan Selanjutnya di lakukan Uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: uji Wilcoxon dengan tingkat signifikansi P = 0,000 (< 0,05), Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan skor kadar Volatile sulfur compound (VSC) pada penderita hipertensi sekunder dengan pemberian perlakuan konsumsi bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus). Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh komsumsi Bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus) terhdap penurunan kadar Volatile sulfur compound (VSC) pada penderita Hipertensi sekunder.