ABNORMAL URINARY ANDROSTERONE/ETIOCHOLANOLONE RATIO IN HYPOTHALAMIC DISTURBANCES IN MAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend G. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Androgen Metabolism ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The urinary androsterone/etiocholanolone (A/E) ratio was determined in 233 normal subjects. Compared with these, a group of 28 cases of adiposo-genital dystrophy (a.-g. d.) in boys and men showed a very considerable increase in the A/E ratio. It is shown by analyses in 23 cases of primary testicular failure and male castration and in 17 cases of exogenous obesity that this change in a.-g. d. is not secondary to the main symptoms, i. e. obesity and hypogonadism; neither can it be explained on a thyroid basis. Studies of 2362 fractionated 17-KS-determinations performed in all kinds of endocrine disorders showed that an elevated A/E ratio is found in certain conditions all of which are of hypothalamic origin. Furthermore it was found that an elevated A/E ratio was present in verified organic damage of the hypothalamus. In a number of a.-g. d. cases the A/E ratio was followed up to 10 years through the puberal age. Usually the ratio remained unaffected by the great puberal rise in the excretion of A and E. In contrast to the others some patients showed a fall in the ratio during puberty and these usually showed satisfactory gonadal development. Determination of the A/E ratio before and after the administration of a large dose of testosterone propionate was done in 23 cases of hypothalamic dysfunction and in 22 other cases. The abnormal A/E ratios in hypothalamic cases were reproduced during the metabolism of exogenous testosterone, which shows that the abnormal ratios originate from an abnormal androgen metabolism and not from abnormal hormone production. The findings indicate that there is, in man, a central regulation of androgen metabolism in which the hypothalamus is involved. The diagnostic, pathogenetic and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

DETERMINATION OF BLOOD CORTICOIDS USING THE IN VITRO RESIN UPTAKE OF 3H-PREDNISOLONE

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakajima ◽  
Mitsunori Murala ◽  
Masumitsu Nakata ◽  
Takeshi Naruse ◽  
Seiji Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Suppression Test

ABSTRACT The in vitro resin uptake of 3H-prednisolone was used for the determination of blood cortisol after addition of radioactive prednisolone followed by Amberlite CG 400 Type 1 to the test serum, and incubation of the mixture. The radioactivity of the supernatant was compared before and after the addition of the resin. The principle of this method is similar to that of the 131I-triiodothyronine resin uptake for the thyroid function test. The tests for the specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity gave satisfactory results. The mean basal value ± SD of the 3H-prednisolone resin uptake was 35.3 ± 9.2% in normal subjects, and 27.1 ± 4.8% in pregnant women. This method was valid in various adrenal function tests, i. e. the adrenal circadian rhythm, corticotrophin (ACTH) test, dexamethasone suppression test and the adrenal response to lysine-8-vasopressin. It proved to be a sensitive indicator of the adrenal function. These results suggest that this method should be useful for a routine adrenal function test.

On the role of dopamine receptors in the central regulation of human TSH

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Delitala ◽  
L. Devilla ◽  
A. Canessa ◽  
F. D'Asta
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Substituted Benzamides

Abstract. The effects of acute administration of haloperidol (4 mg im) and pimozide (4 mg orally) on TSH and Prl secretion were studied in normal and hypothyroid man. The TRH-induced TSH secretion before and after pre-medication with pimozide and domperidone, a peripheral dopamine (DA) blocker, was also evaluated in a group of normal subjects. Haloperidol and pimozide induced a marked increment in serum Prl; mean Prl levels were still significantly elevated 12 h following pimozide administration. A small but significant TSH increase was observed following haloperidol and pimozide in normal as well as hypothyroid subjects. Both domperidone and pimozide significantly enhanced TRH-induced TSH release. In another experiment 3 women with primary thyroid failure received an infusion of DA (4 (μg/kg/min for 4 h) with and without domperidone administration. TSH and Prl levels were suppressed by DA, but the effect was completely abolished by domperidone. The results suggest that psychotrophic drugs, such as haloperidol and pimozide, can, like substituted benzamides, stimulate TSH release in man. Since domperidone and DA do not cross the blood-brain-barrier and domperidone significantly enhanced the TSH response to TRH, the data also support the hypothesis that human TSH is regulated by DA at the hypothalamus (median eminence) and/or pituitary level.

A MODIFIED METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS, PREGNANEDIOL AND PREGNANETRIOL BY GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND SUBJECTS WITH VARIOUS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rivera ◽  
Ralph I. Dorfman ◽  
Enrico Forchielli
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ethers ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Urinary Steroid

ABSTRACT A modified method using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is described for the determination of androsterone*, aetiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol in the same urine aliquot. After sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and solvolysis, the urine extract is separated into 3 main fractions by silica gel column chromatography; one containing mainly the 17-ketosteroids, androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone; a second containing pregnanediol and the third pregnanetriol. After formation of the trimethylsilyl ethers (TMSi), the respective fractions are subjected to gas-liquid chromatography for quantitation. Tritiated androsterone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol are added prior to extraction of the urines to check for recoveries. The method is specific and reproductible and is sufficiently sensitive to permit determination of urinary steroid excretion levels as low as 0.025 mg/24 hours. Results obtained with this method in the study of normal males and females and various pathological conditions are presented.

Liquid-chromatographic determination of inosine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine in uremic patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2278-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Severini ◽  
L M Aliberti
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We used a liquid-chromatographic method to measure xanthine, hypoxanthine, and inosine in plasma of uremic patients before and after hemodialysis. The concentrations of all three were higher than in normal subjects. After dialysis treatment, the values were significantly lower than before dialysis, but still above normal.

IMPORTANCE OF SOME MOLECULAR MARKERS OF HEMOSTATIC ACTIVATION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, THE CHOICE AND THE CONTROL OF PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE THERAPY OF D.V.T. AND P.P.S

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moriau ◽  
Ch Col-De Beys ◽  
B Golinska ◽  
E Lavenne-Pardonge
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Platelet Inhibitors ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Factors

The measurement, before and after treatment, of some molecular markers of hemostatic activation (βTG, PF4, TXB2, FPA, 6 keto PGFlα) and the determination of their increased coefficient ratio (Δ+/βTG/Δ+Δ FPA, 4+βTG/4+ PF4,4+ 6 keto PGF1α/Δ+ TXB2 combined with the estimation of other parameters (F.VIII:Ċ/F.VIIIR:AG), AT III, PROT. C, ELT with and without ischemia) permlted us to subdivide the deep venous thromboses in two groupsThe first one or "simple D.V.T." was observed in normal subjects with or without varicoses, and without other main pathology and was consecutive to a simple plasma factors activation, the second one or "complicated D.V.T." appeared in patients with other pathology (infections, neoplasms, trauma, metabolic disorders) and was consecutive to a combined activation of plasma factors and plateletsA:before treat.,B:after anticoagul.,C:after anticoagul. + platelet inhibitors / * extreme values (MV ±2ŊIf anticoagulants (Heparine ancjfor VKA) alone were effective and sufficient for the treatment of "simple DVT" they were little or non active in the "complicated" forms and must be combined with platelet inhibitors to give the same result. The prevention of DVT in venous insuffisancy, consecutive or not to DVT, must be performed in the same way. A comparative study with various types of platelet inhibitors permited us to establish a scale of activity and to observe a benefic synergism with some combinations

The Effect of Stapedectomy on the Loudness of One’s Own Voice

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Loudness Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Five subjects with normal middle ear mechanisms, and otosclerotic patients, before and after stapedectomy, matched the loudness of their voices to the loudness of a 125-cps-sawtooth noise. The results showed loudness matching functions with gradual slopes, less than 1.00, for the normal subjects and the patients prior to stapedectomy. Post-surgically, the loudness function for the patients increased in steepness to considerably more than 1.00. These results are explained, most logically, in terms of increased sensitivity of the altered middle ear to sound energy generated by the listener’s own voice.

The Plasmin Inhibitors of Plasma

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shamash ◽  
A Rimon
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
New Method ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitors

SummaryA new method for the assay of plasmin inhibitors in human plasma is described. The method consists of determination of the caseinolytic activity of a standard plasmin solution before and after incubation with the inhibitor, with lysine added to the mixture as a stabilizer of plasmin. Using this method, it was found that plasma contains enough inhibitors to inactivate 30 caseinolytic units of plasmin, or 10 times the normal amount of plasminogen in human plasma.

Determination of Factor XIII Activity and of Factor XIII Inhibitors Using an Ammonium-Sensitive Electrode

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hellstern ◽  
K Schilz ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Factor Xiii Deficiency ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Stabilization Factor ◽  
Release Method ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

SummaryAn assay for rapid factor XIII activity measurement has been developed based on the determination of the ammonium released during fibrin stabilization. Factor XIII was activated by thrombin and calcium. Ammonium was measured by an ammonium-sensitive electrode. It was demonstrated that the assay procedure yields accurate and precise results and that factor XIII-catalyzed fibrin stabilization can be measured kinetically. The amount of ammonium released during the first 90 min of fibrin stabilization was found to be 7.8 ± 0.5 moles per mole fibrinogen, which is in agreement with the findings of other authors. In 15 normal subjects and in 15 patients suffering from diseases with suspected factor XIII deficiency there was a satisfactory correlation between the results obtained by the “ammonium-release-method”, Bohn’s method, and the immunological assay (r1 = 0.65; r2= 0.70; p<0.01). In 3 of 5 patients with paraproteinemias the values of factor XIII activity determined by the ammonium-release method were markedly lower than those estimated by the other methods. It could be shown that inhibitor mechanisms were responsible for these discrepancies.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

BESTIMMUNG DER INSULINAKTIVITÄT IM MENSCHLICHEM SERUM NACH GLUKOSEBELASTUNG ALS PRÜFUNG DER FUNKTIONSFÄHIGKEIT DES PANKREAS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Daweke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Using the method of glucose-1-14C oxydation to 14CO2 on the rat epididymal adipose tissue, the insulin-like activities (ILA) in the serum have been compared before and after oral loading with glucose in normal subjects, in maturity-onset diabetics and in insulin-requiring diabetics. In maturity-onset diabetics mean fasting values were found to be 30% below normal while in insulin-requiring diabetics they were 85% above normal. In normal subjects there was observed, 30 minutes after glucose loading, a moderate increase in blood sugar together with an increase of ILA of 222% above the starting value; in maturity-onset diabetics the increase in ILA was only 106% while the blood sugar was markedly increased. After glucose loading in maturity-onset diabetics, the total amount of insulin detected during the period of the experiment was, on the average, only 45% of that found in normal subjects. In insulin requiring diabetics there was no increase but, on the contrary, a steady decrease of the ILA values, while the blood sugar excessively increased. In general ILA values were higher than those in maturity-onset diabetics. No difference in response was found between maturity-onset diabetics treated with diet alone and those treated with diet and oral hypoglycaemic drugs. In contrast to the absolute ILA values, the index of insulin reserve, is of value in assessing the functional capacity of the pancreas. This index decreases progressively with the severity of the disease and reaches a maximum of 54% of the normal in maturity-onset diabetics, which can satisfactorily be explained by pancreas insufficiency. Only in some cases of insulin-requiring diabetics was an insulin reserve still detectable. The biological inactivity of the insulin circulating in the blood can be deduced from the increased ILA-values, as compared with those found in maturity-onset diabetics. Obviously some of this insulin can be released by the addition of glucose. It is likely that, in addition to pancreatic insufficiency, insulin-binding or insulin-inactivating antibodies play a part in the pathogenesis of insulin-requiring diabetes.

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