Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin may modulate hepatic IGF-I production in calves

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Coxam ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Davicco ◽  
Denis Durand ◽  
Dominique Bauchart ◽  
Jean-Pierre Barlet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin

Abstract. Four young milk-fed calves were fitted with catheters chronically implanted in the mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins and in the hepatic artery, and with electromagnetic blood flow probes in the portal vein and hepatic artery, allowing continuous measurement of IGF-I hepatic production. According to a latin square design, these calves received iv mesenteric infusion of calcium (Ca2+; 5 mg/kg) or synthetic salmon calcitonin (sCT; 1 μg/kg), or synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) (bPTH; 1 μg/kg), or solvent alone (1.2 ml/kg). Ca2+, sCT or bPTH had no significant effect on portal vein or hepatic artery blood flow. Hypercalcemia observed following Ca2+ infusion did not significantly modify hepatic IGF-I production. sCT decreased plasma Ca2+, inorganic phosphorus and GH concentrations and hepatic IGF-I production. bPTH induced a slight hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. It had no significant effect on plasma GH concentration, but increased significantly hepatic IGF-I production. Thus, the anabolic effects of PTH on bone may be partly mediated through an increase in hepatic IGF-I production.

The influence of parathyroid hormone-related protein on hepatic IGF-1 production

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Coxam ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Davicco ◽  
Denis Durand ◽  
Dominique Bauchart ◽  
Jacques Lefaivre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein

Four young milk-fed calves were fitted with catheters chronically implanted in the mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins and in the hepatic artery. Electromagnetic blood flow probes in the portal vein and hepatic artery allowed continuous measurement of hepatic IGF-1 production. In accordance with a latin square design these calves received iv mesenteric infusion (for 60 min) of calcium (Ca, 0.125 mmol·kg body wt−1), the synthetic human parathyroid hormone-related protein (1–34) fragment (PTHrP, 1 nmol·kg body wt−1), the synthetic analogue [tyr] 34-bovine PTH-(7–34) NH2 (2 nmol·kg body wt −1) and PTHrP (1 nmol ·kg body wt −1) or solvent alone (1.2 ml·kg body wt −1 ). Hypercalcaemia observed following Ca infusion had no significant effect on hepatic IGF-1 production. PTHrP induced a slight but significant increase in plasma Ca and IGF-1 concentrations measured in the hepatic vein, without changing blood flows measured in the hepatic artery and portal vein. Thus PTHrP increased hepatic IGF-1 production (15.1±2.7 nmol·6 h−1·kg body wt−1 vs 4±1.3 nmol·6 h−1·kg body wt−1 in controls; p <0.05). These effects induced by PTHrP were inhibited by the synthetic analogue [tyr]34bPTH-(7–34) NH2.

scholarly journals Vascular Involvements in Cholangiocarcinoma: Tips and Tricks

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Roberta Angelico ◽  
Bruno Sensi ◽  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Leandro Siragusa ◽  
Carlo Gazia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Vascular Reconstruction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Hepatic Artery Resection ◽  
Artery Resection

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract. To date, surgical treatment remains the only hope for definitive cure of CCA patients. Involvement of major vascular structures was traditionally considered a contraindication for resection. Nowadays, selected cases of CCA with vascular involvement can be successfully approached. Intrahepatic CCA often involves the major hepatic veins or the inferior vena cava and might necessitate complete vascular exclusion, in situ hypothermic perfusion, ex situ surgery and reconstruction with autologous, heterologous or synthetic grafts. Hilar CCA more frequently involves the portal vein and hepatic artery. Resection and reconstruction of the portal vein is now considered a relatively safe and beneficial technique, and it is accepted as a standard option either with direct anastomosis or jump grafts. However, hepatic artery resection remains controversial; despite accumulating positive reports, the procedure remains technically challenging with increased rates of morbidity. When arterial reconstruction is not possible, arterio-portal shunting may offer salvage, while sometimes an efficient collateral system could bypass the need for arterial reconstructions. Keys to achieve success are represented by accurate selection of patients in high-volume referral centres, adequate technical skills and eclectic knowledge of the various possibilities for vascular reconstruction.

Effect of stimulation of hepatic nerves on hepatic O2 uptake and blood flow

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. H652-H656
Author(s):  
W. W. Lautt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Neurogenic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Hepatic Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

Acute denervation of the liver did not result in changes of oxygen uptake or hemodynamics in the intact liver of the cat. Stimulation of the hepatic nerves resulted in a marked reduction of vascular conductance of the hepatic artery and portal vein (intrahepatic) resulting in almost complete cessation of arterial flow and increased portal blood pressure. The hepatic artery showed a more complete escape from the neurogenic vasoconstriction than did the portal vein. During the stable "escape phase" oxygen delivery was 86% of control, but hepatic extraction of oxygen increased so that oxygen uptake was not altered from control values. The return of oxygen consumption to normal during nerve stimulation suggests that redistribution of hepatic blood flow did not occur. In spite of arterial and portal venous blood pressure changes and changes in gut conductance, oxygen extraction of the gut did not change.

scholarly journals Arteriovenous Fistula Between the Hepatic Artery and the Hepatic Vein

HPB Surgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Howard ◽  
M. Malafa ◽  
Robert J. Coombs ◽  
Anthony M. Iannone
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Vascular Anomalies ◽  
Celiac Axis ◽  
Hepatic Veins

A patient is presented with multiple vascular anomalies in the branches of the celiac axis as well as in the portal vein and its branches. Apparently, unique in the literature is the presence of a large arteriovenous fistula between the hepatic artery and one of the hepatic veins. The anomalies are presumed to be congenital in origin.

Changes Porto-hepatic Blood Flow in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver, Combined with Chronic Bronchitis

2016 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Nataliia Virstyuk ◽  
Iryna Kobitovych ◽  
Olha Gerasymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Splenic Artery ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Healthy Individuals

The objective: study the features of porto1hepatic blood flow in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) in conjunction with chronic bronchitis (CB) according to Doppler ultrasound. Patients and methods. The study involved 60 patients who were hospitalized, 20 ALC patients in stage B according to Child-Pugh without CB (Ist group), 20 ALC patients in stage B according to Child-Pugh combined with CB in the acute phase (IInd group), 20 patients exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, for which there was no evidence of digestive system diseases (IIIrd group). All patients underwent a complex ultrasonic research techniques scanning in B-mode, the VD-mode, color duplex scanning using «Hitachi EUB 7000» ultrasonic scanner connected to the Doppler flourimetr was visualized main arterial and venous vessels of hepatic and splenic pools. Results. Changes porto-hepatic blood flow were most pronounced in patients with ALC in combination with CB when compared with patients of groups I and III (p<0,05) according to the obtained Doppler indices: diameter of the hepatic artery was 5,55±0,19 mm, portal vein – 12,60±0,17 mm, where increased by 159,12% and 53,56%, respectively (p<0,05) higher than those in healthy individuals. The diameter of the splenic artery and splenic vein at the ALC for combination with CB significantly increased compared with control on 31,13% and 35,67%, respectively (p<0,05). Linear and volumetric blood flow rate in portal vein decreased in this group of patients, 60,24% and 22,68%, respectively (p<0,05) compared with healthy individuals, the linear velocity of blood flow in the splenic vein also significantly slowed down compared to the control on 41,06% (p<0,05), and the volumetric blood flow velocity v. lienalis grew by 155,80% (p<0,05). Among the characteristics of the arterial blood flow hepato-splenic system Gosling pulsatility index (PI) and Pursello resistance index (RI) of hepatic artery also Pursello resistance index (RI) of splenic artery significantly grew in ALC patients in combination with CB 147,20%, 65,49% and 32,31%, respectively (p<0,05) compared with the control group. Maximal systolic velocity of blood flow in the hepatic artery of patients – grew by 8,95% (p<0,05). End diastolic blood flow velocity in the hepatic artery tended to decrease on 13,36% (p<0,05) compared with healthy individuals. Conclusion. Violation of porto-hepatic blood flow in patients with ALC is characterized by its redistribution in the veins of the portal system in the direction of the spleen with a decrease in the average linear and the volumetric velocity in the portal and hepatic veins, increasing the resistance index in the interlobar arteries.

Hepatic blood flow distribution: consideration of gravity, liver surface, and norepinephrine on regional heterogeneity

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Lautt ◽  
Joshua Schafer ◽  
Dallas J. Legare
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Hepatic Arterial Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Core Samples

Blood flow distribution within the livers of cats and dogs was assessed using 15-μm microspheres injected into the hepatic artery and portal vein. Representative vertical core samples (n = 11–18) were taken from the thickest part of each liver. Heterogeneity was assessed in several ways. The difference in total flow to different lobes was greater in dogs than in cats, and in dogs, those lobes with highest portal venous flow had lowest hepatic arterial flow. Overall flow variance was very high in both species, with adjacent surface samples in a single lobe showing variance of 15–22% for both vessels. The ratio of highest to lowest flow within core samples averaged 2.1–3.4 for both vessels in both species. The hepatic arterial flow was highest to the surface 2 mm of the liver. Portal flow most often (31% of all samples) showed a pattern of highest flow to the top, graduating down to lowest flow to the bottom (dorsal side) of the vertical cores. However, this pattern appeared much more frequently in the most ventral liver lobes and very seldom in the lobes lying beneath the liver mass. Norepinephrine reduced heterogeneity. Hepatic arterial occlusion for 10 min produced minor and inconsistent reduction of heterogeneity. Rotating cats from back to front and again to back disrupted patterns of distribution but not in a way that could be interpreted as due to effects of gravity. Flow patterns changed with time. The heterogeneity of perfusion appears to be under dynamic and multiple interacting forces.Key words: blood flow distribution, blood flow heterogeneity, hepatic artery, portal vein, liver.

Hepatic capillary pressure is estimated using triple vascular occlusion method in isolated canine liver

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. R1130-R1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shibamoto ◽  
H. G. Wang ◽  
S. Tanaka ◽  
S. Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Hepatic Hemodynamics ◽  
Hepatic Volume

We determined whether the triple vascular occlusion pressure (Pto), the equilibration pressure obtained when the hepatic artery, portal, and hepatic veins were occluded simultaneously, represented the capillary pressure (Pc) in isolated bivascularly blood-perfused canine livers. Effects of a bolus injection of histamine (0.1-60 micrograms), norepinephrine (NE; 1-600 micrograms), or acetylcholine (ACh; 0.01-10 micrograms) into the portal vein or the hepatic artery were also studied on vascular resistance distribution using Pto as a measure of Pc. The livers were perfused at constant flow via the portal vein and at constant pressure via the hepatic artery. Pto was compared with Pc measured using the traditional gravimetric method (Pc,i). Pto and Pc,i showed a strong correlation (Pto = -0.02 + 0.98 Pc,i; r = 0.83, P = 0.0018). With comparisons, the intercept was not significantly different from zero, and the slope was not different from 1.00, indicating that Pto accurately represented Pc. The resting postsinusoidal vascular resistance comprised 54% of the total hepatic vascular resistance (Rt). Portal or arterial injection of histamine increased predominantly hepatic venous resistance (Rhv) over portal resistance with liver weight gain. NE constricted both the portal vein and the hepatic artery in greater magnitude than the hepatic vein, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the Rhv/Rt ratio. This precapillary constriction was accompanied by a significant decrease in liver weight. In contrast, ACh contracted both portal and hepatic veins similarly without liver weight change. We conclude that Pto is an excellent estimate of Pc in isolated blood-perfused canine livers and that the hepatic vascular resistance sites in the resting states are located evenly in the pre- and postsinusoidal vessels. Intraportal or intra-arterial infusion of histamine, NE, and ACh produced characteristically different changes in hepatic vascular resistances and hepatic volume. The Pto technique could be applied in experimental research on hepatic hemodynamics.

scholarly journals The anatomy and physiology of the liver

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 211-212
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Portal Veins ◽  
Vena Portae

After giving a short account of the descriptions of Malpighi and other writers respecting the minute structure of the liver, the author proceeds to state the results of his own investigations on this subject. The hepatic veins, together with the lobules which surround them, resemble in their arrangement the branches and leaves of a tree; the substance of the lobules being disposed around the minute branches of the v ins like the parenchyma of a leaf around its fibres. The hepatic veins may be divided into two classes: namely, those contained in the lobules, and those contained in canals formed by the lobules. The first class, is composed of interlobular branches, one of which occupies the centre of each lobule, and receives the blood from aplexus formed in the lobule by the portal vein; and the second class of hepatic veins is composed of all those vessels contained in canals formed by the lobules, and including numerous small branches, as well as the large trunks terminating in the inferior cava. The external surface of every lobule is covered by an expansion of Glisson’s capsule, by which it is connected to, as well as separated from, the contiguous lobules, and in which branches of the hepatic duct, portal veins and hepatic artery ramify. The ultimate branches of the hepatic artery terminate in the branches of the portal vein, where the blood they respectively contain is mixed together, and from which mixed blood the bile is secreted by the lobules, and conveyed away by the hepatic ducts which accompany the portal veins in their principal ramifications. The remaining blood is returned to the heart by the hepatic veins, the beginnings of which occupy the centre of each lobule, and when collected into trunks pour their contents into the inferior cava. Hence the blood which has circulated through the liver, and has thereby lost its arterial character, is, in common with that which is returning from the other abdominal viscera, poured into the vena portae, and contributes its share in furnishing materials for the biliary secretion. The paper is accompanied by numerous drawings of preparations made by the author, of the minute structure of the liver, in which the different sets of vessels and ducts were injected in various ways. The Society then adjourned over the Long Vacation to the 21st of November next.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide: differential effects on hepatic artery vs. portal vein endothelial cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. E773-E779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Hong Ding ◽  
Qing Zhong ◽  
Jianrui Xu ◽  
Carlos M. Isales
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Potent Vasoconstrictor ◽  
Insulinotropic Peptide

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) has been reported to have opposing effects on splanchnic blood flow. GIP infusion in dogs results in an increase in portal vein circulation but a drop in hepatic artery blood flow. In an effort to evaluate whether these different responses were related to intrinsic differences in GIP effects, we isolated canine hepatic artery (HAEC) and portal vein endothelial cells (PVEC). We report that there are differences in GIP activation of the signal transduction pathways in these two cell types. GIP stimulates secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, from HAEC (EC50 0.28 nM) but not from PVEC. This effect could be abolished by preventing a rise in intracellular calcium, demonstrating the calcium dependence of GIP-induced ET-1 secretion from HAEC. The GIP effect was specific, as a GIP receptor antagonist blocked it. In contrast, GIP stimulated nitric oxide production from PVEC (EC50 0.09 nM) but not from HAEC. Taken together, our data demonstrate distinct differences in GIP effects on HAEC from those on PVEC. We conclude that differences in GIP stimulation of ET-1 vs. nitric oxide production in different vascular beds may account for some of the observed differences in its physiological effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document