scholarly journals Roles of selected nutrients in development of the porcine conceptus during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bazer Fuller ◽  
Kim Jinyoung Jinyoung ◽  
Song Gwonhwa Gwonhwa ◽  
Ka Hakhyun Hakhyun ◽  
Wu Guoyao Guoyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Conceptus

scholarly journals Novel insights into the mechanisms of pregnancy establishment: regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and signaling in the pig

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Waclawik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Initial Signal ◽  
Porcine Conceptus ◽  
Proinflammatory Factors

Ovarian progesterone induces essential changes leading to a temporary state of uterine receptivity for conceptus implantation. Estrogens secreted by the porcine conceptus on days 11 and 12 of pregnancy provide the initial signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy and maintenance of a functional corpus luteum (CL) for continued production of progesterone. As prostaglandins F2α(PGF2α) and E2(PGE2) exert opposing actions on the CL, a tight control over their synthesis and secretion is critical either for the initiation of luteolysis or maintenance of pregnancy. One of the supportive mechanisms by which conceptus inhibits luteolysis is changing PG synthesis in favor of luteoprotective PGE2. Conceptus PGE2could be amplified by PGE2feedback loop in the endometrium. In pigs, as in other species, implantation and establishment of pregnancy is associated with upregulation of expression of proinflammatory factors, which include cytokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators. The conceptus produces inflammatory mediators: interferon γ and interferon δ, interleukins IL1B and IL6, and PGs, which probably activate inflammatory pathways in the endometrium. The endometrium responds to these embryonic signals by enhancing further progesterone-induced uterine receptivity. Understanding the mechanisms of pregnancy establishment is required for translational research to increase reproductive efficiencies and fertility in humans and animals.

Porcine conceptus and endometrial retinoid-binding proteins

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Harney ◽  
M Ali ◽  
WV Vedeckis ◽  
FW Bazer
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Porcine Conceptus ◽  
Retinoid Binding Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Porcine conceptus secretory proteins were obtained from medium in which pig conceptuses, collected on Day 15 of pregnancy, were cultured for 30 h. Culture medium was pooled, dialysed and concentrated by Amicon ultrafiltration for retinol and retinoic acid (RA) binding studies. Proteins in the 20-kDa range, conceptus-secreted retinol-binding protein (RBP), bound both [3H]retinol and [3H]RA specifically. Cross-competition experiments indicate that [3H]RA was completely displaced with excess cold retinol; however, excess cold RA did not completely displace [3H]retinol, suggesting that conceptus RBP has greater affinity for retinol than RA. Cellular RBP and retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha and RAR-gamma mRNA transcripts (0.7 kb; 3.8 and 2.8 kb; 3.4 kb respectively) were detected in poly (A)+ RNA isolated from Day-15 conceptus, Day-15 pregnant endometrium, late pregnant myometrium and late pregnant fetal tissues of pigs by Northern blot analysis. RAR-alpha and RAR-gamma immunoreactive proteins were detected in extracts of Day-15 conceptus, Day-15 pregnant endometrium and late pregnant fetal tissues by Western blot analysis. Collectively, results indicate that biochemical molecules required for retinoid transport, metabolism and regulatory effects are present in porcine conceptus and endometrial tissues during early pregnancy in swine.

Evidence against a role for blastocyst-secreted oxytocin in early pregnancy maintenance in sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Parkinson ◽  
H. J. Stewart ◽  
M. G. Hunter ◽  
D. S. C. Jones ◽  
D. C. Wathes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Porcine Conceptus ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

ABSTRACT Analysis of ovine conceptus RNA by slot blotting, Northern analysis and nested polymerase chain reaction failed to detect oxytocin–neurophysin prohormone mRNA. Probes used hybridized with both the 3' end of the prohormone mRNA and the oxytocin-coding sequence. Northern analysis of bovine and porcine conceptus RNA was also negative, and polymerase chain reaction demonstrated oxytocin–neurophysin mRNA in ovine corpus luteum, but not in human corpus luteum or decidua, or in ovine endometrium. Infusion of oxytocin into the uterine lumen in cyclic ewes between days 9 and 19 or 20 after oestrus failed to prolong the luteal phase of the cycle and had no effect on endometrial oxytocin receptor concentrations or uterine prostaglandin F secretion. Oxytocin administered systematically prevented luteolysis and reduced uterine prostaglandin F secretion. Taken together, these data suggest that blastocyst-derived oxytocin is unlikely to contribute to corpus luteum maintenance in early pregnancy. They are inconsistent with a previous report that the ovine blastocyst synthesizes and secretes oxytocin. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 443–449

EGF, IGF-I, VEGF and CSF2: Effects on Trophectoderm of Porcine Conceptus

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooyoung Jeong ◽  
◽  
Gwonhwa Song
Keyword(s):  
Igf I ◽  
Porcine Conceptus

Determination of porcine endometrial phospholipase A2 activity and detection of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Dubois ◽  
LC Smith ◽  
FW Bazer
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Porcine Conceptus ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Activity

Experiments examined the characteristics and activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and examined the presence of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase in endometrium of pigs during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Endometrial PLA2 was calcium-independent and activity of the enzyme was greatest at a pH of 8.0. Activity of PLA2 on Days 10, 12, 14 and 16 of the oestrous cycle did not differ (P > 0.1) from activity on those days during pregnancy. During oestrus and early metoestrus (Days 0-3), cyclooxygenase was present in both glandular and surface epithelium. After Day 10 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy, staining for cyclooxygenase was less intense in the lower and middle uterine glands. However, the upper glandular epithelium near the surface epithelium stained intensely. By Day 15 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy, intense staining for cyclooxygenase appeared restricted to the upper uterine glands. These results indicate changes in localization of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase throughout the oestrous cycle and suggest that these are not related to altered secretion of prostaglandins (PGs) during early pregnancy. The stimulatory effects of porcine conceptus products on secretion of PGs during early pregnancy are apparently not associated with increased activity of endometrial PLA2.

Ontogeny of steroidogenic enzyme expression in the porcine conceptus

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Conley ◽  
W E Rainey ◽  
J I Mason
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzyme ◽  
Chain Cleavage ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Porcine Conceptus ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT This study examined fetal steroidogenic enzyme expression and function during pregnancy in the pig. Northern and Western analyses were performed to detect the cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase/17–20 lyase (P450c17) and that for cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), as well as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) expression in several porcine fetal tissues. The data demonstrate higher steroidogenic enzyme expression in the fetal adrenal glands and testes than in the placenta at all stages of development examined. Although steroidogenic enzyme expression was maintained throughout gestation in both the fetal adrenals and the testes, adrenal P450c17 expression was higher in the early and late stages when compared with the intermediate stages of fetal development. The stimulation of fetal adrenal steroidogenic enzyme expression in the later stage fetuses was accompanied by increased expression of P450c17 in both the fetal testes and placenta. The expression of 3β-HSD by porcine fetal testes was low compared with that of the fetal adrenal gland at all stages of development. Adrenal explants and cultured cells secreted cortisol and androstenedione but much lower amounts of corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and aldosterone. Secretion of cortisol and androstenedione by adrenal explants was maintained by ACTH for 5 days of culture but declined in controls. In cultured porcine fetal adrenal cells, ACTH and angiotensin II stimulated the secretion of multiple steroids. Porcine fetal testis explants and cultured cells secreted testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione, but were only moderately responsive to trophic stimulation by LH. In general, the data suggest that the fetal adrenal glands and the fetal testes have the potential to contribute significantly to the production of steroids during pregnancy in pigs.

118 DEEP SEQUENCING OF THE PORCINE ENDOMETRIAL TRANSCRIPTOME ON DAYS 12 AND 14 OF PREGNANCY

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
A. Samborski ◽  
B. Kessler ◽  
M. Reichenbach ◽  
H. D. Reichenbach ◽  
S. E. Ulbrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Porcine Conceptus ◽  
Differential Gene

Establishment of pregnancy in mammals requires prolongation of luteal life span for sustained progesterone (P4) production. P4 stimulates secretory functions of the endometrium required for conceptus growth and development and is essential for endometrial receptivity. The porcine conceptus undergoes rapid differentiation and expansion of its trophoblastic membranes between Day 11 and Day 12 of gestation. With trophoblast elongation production of estrogen, the porcine embryonic pregnancy recognition signal, by the conceptus increases. A complex interplay of estrogen signaling and prostaglandin (PG) metabolism in the endometrium finally results in prevention of luteolysis. Conceptus attachment to the uterine surface epithelium starts around Day 14 of pregnancy, preceded by a pronounced vascularization at the implantation zones, initiating the epitheliochorial placentation. To characterize the complex transcriptome changes in the endometrium in the course of maternal recognition of pregnancy and initial placentation, deep sequencing of endometrial RNA samples of pregnant animals (n = 4) and corresponding non-pregnant controls (n = 4) was performed on Day 12 and Day 14 after ovulation using Illumina RNA-Seq (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Between 21 and 36 million 76-bp single-end reads were produced per sample. Reads were mapped with TopHat to the porcine genome assembly Sscrofa10.2 and relative expression values were calculated based on the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s gene annotation for the analysis of differential gene expression. Statistical analysis revealed more than 3500 differentially expressed genes (DEG) for Day 12 and almost 2500 DEG for Day 14 of pregnancy (DESeq, FDR 1%). Differential expression of selected genes was validated by the use of quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Comparison of the RNA-Seq data from Day 12 and Day 14 of pregnancy based on a comparison of the DEGs and of overrepresented functional categories revealed distinct differences in gene regulation, reflecting the different functions of the endometrium during these stages; that is, recognition of pregnancy on Day 12 and preparation for conceptus implantation on Day 14. The data from Day 14 was also compared to the published microarray data set from Day 14 of pregnancy (Østrup et al. 2010 Biol. Reprod.) and other sets of DEG by the use of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Overall, a very good agreement with the results of the previous microarray study was found. Furthermore, a significant overlap with genes upregulated in bovine endometrium on Day 18 of pregnancy was found for the genes upregulated in porcine endometrium on Day 14. More than half of these genes were known interferon-regulated genes. In conclusion, RNA-Seq revealed distinct transcriptome changes on Day 12 and Day 14 of pregnancy in porcine endometrium associated with MRP and initiation of implantation.

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