Serum pituitary antibodies in normal pregnancy and in patients with postpartum thyroiditis: a nested case–control study

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate antipituitary antibody (APA) prevalence in a series of patients with postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) during pregnancy and in the postpartum.DesignWe conducted a nested case–control study on consecutive PPT and normal pregnant women at the Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences in Cardiff and at the Department of Endocrinology in Pisa.MethodsWe enrolled 30 women with PPT: 17 were hypothyroid (Hypo), 7 with hyperthyroidism (Hyper) and 6 with a transient hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism (Biphasic). Twenty-one healthy pregnant women served as controls. APA (measured using indirect immunofluorescence), free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, TSH, antithyroid autoantibodies, and thyroid ultrasound were performed during pregnancy and postpartum. The stored sera have been sent to Pisa, where serum APA, IGF1, and cortisol were measured.ResultsAPA were found in 8 out of the 30 PPT patients (26.7%) and in one normal pregnancy (4.7%, P=0.063). Three out of the seventeen Hypo with PPT (17.6%), three out of the seven Hyper PPT (42.8%), and two out of the six Biphasic PPT (33.3%) were positive for APA. APA prevalence was not significantly different in the PPT subgroups (P=0.453). With one exception, APA all increased in the postpartum period (87.5%, P<0.016). Basal serum IGF1 and cortisol were in the normal range with the exception of two patients with positive APA who presented low serum IGF1 levels (36 and 45 ng/ml).ConclusionsAPA are frequently present in the postpartum period in patients affected by PPT. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether APA in PPT patients are associated with pituitary function impairment.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Serum pituitary antibodies in normal pregnancy and in patients with postpartum thyroiditis: a nested case-control study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1123969.581074 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Case Control ◽

Postpartum Thyroiditis ◽

Pituitary Antibodies ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in a Thai–Myanmar Border Community Hospital: A Nested Case-Control Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4633

Author(s):

Waraporn Thepampan ◽

Nuchsara Eungapithum ◽

Krittai Tanasombatkul ◽

Phichayut Phinyo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Case Control ◽

Border Community ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common complication of pregnancy and a global public health concern. Even though PPH risk factors were extensively studied and reported in literature, almost all studies were conducted in non-Asian countries or tertiary care centers. Our study aimed to explore relevant risk factors for PPH among pregnant women who underwent transvaginal delivery at a Thai–Myanmar border community hospital in Northern Thailand. An exploratory nested case-control study was conducted to explore risk factors for PPH. Women who delivered transvaginal births at Maesai hospital from 2014 to 2018 were included. Two PPH definitions were used, which were ≥ 500 mL and 1000 mL of estimated blood loss within 24 h after delivery. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors for PPH and severe PPH. Of 4774 women with vaginal births, there were 265 (5.55%) PPH cases. Eight factors were identified as independent predictors for PPH and severe PPH: elderly pregnancy, minority groups, nulliparous, previous PPH history, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, requiring manual removal of placenta, labor augmentation, and fetal weight > 4000 gm. Apart from clinical factors, particular attention should be given to pregnant women who were minority groups as PPH risk significantly increased in this population.

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Associations between multiple serum metal exposures and low birth weight infants in Chinese pregnant women: A nested case-control study

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 231 ◽

pp. 225-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Qingzhi Hou ◽

Lulu Huang ◽

Xiaoting Ge ◽

Aimin Yang ◽

Xiaoyu Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Urogenital pathogens, associated with Trichomonas vaginalis, among pregnant women in Kilifi, Kenya: a nested case-control study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-018-3455-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Simon C. Masha ◽

Piet Cools ◽

Patrick Descheemaeker ◽

Marijke Reynders ◽

Eduard J. Sanders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Determinants of perinatal mortality among cohorts of pregnant women in three districts of North Showa zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Community based nested case control study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-018-5757-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elias Merdassa Roro ◽

Mitike Molla Sisay ◽

Lynn M. Sibley

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Perinatal Mortality ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Based ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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FGF21 Serum Levels in the Early Second Trimester Are Positively Correlated With the Risk of Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity-Matched Nested Case-Control Study

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.630287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiheng Wang ◽

Min Yuan ◽

Chengjie Xu ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Chunmei Ying ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

BackgroundAs an important endocrine hormone regulating glucose metabolism, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is increased in individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after 24 gestational weeks. However, it is unknown whether the increase in FGF21 precedes the diagnosis of GDM.MethodsIn this nested case-control study, 133 pregnant women with GDM and 133 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were identified through propensity score matching, and serum FGF21 levels were measured at 14 to 21 gestational weeks, before GDM is routinely identified. The differences in FGF21 levels were compared. The association between FGF21 and the occurrence of GDM was evaluated using logistic regression models with adjustment for confounders.ResultsThe serum FGF21 levels of the GDM group at 14 to 21 gestational weeks were significantly higher than those of the NGT group overall (P < 0.001), with similar results observed between the corresponding BMI subgroups (P < 0.05). The 2nd (OR 1.224, 95% CI 0.603–2.485), 3rd (OR 2.478, 1.229–5.000), and 4th (OR 3.419, 95% CI 1.626–7.188) FGF21 quartiles were associated with greater odds of GDM occurrence than the 1st quartile after multivariable adjustments.ConclusionsThe serum FGF21 levels in GDM groups increased in the early second trimester, regardless of whether participants were stratified according to BMI. After adjusting for confounding factors, the FGF21 levels in the highest quartile were associated with more than three times higher probability of the diagnosis of GDM in the pregnancy as compared to levels in the first quartile.

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