scholarly journals Serum calcium level is associated with metabolic syndrome in the general population: FIN-D2D study

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Saltevo ◽  
Leo Niskanen ◽  
Hannu Kautiainen ◽  
Jorma Teittinen ◽  
Heikki Oksa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Study Population

BackgroundThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between serum calcium and the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsAs a part of the national prevention program of diabetes in Finland (FIN-D2D), a randomly selected study population of 4500 middle-aged men and women were recruited from three central hospital district areas. Anthropometric measurements were performed by a trained nurse. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed and serum calcium and lipids were measured. We assessed current medications, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, calcium intake, and vitamin D intake. The MetS was defined according to the criteria of the updated National Education Program. The study population consisted of 2896 individuals: 1396 men (62% of invited individuals) and 1500 women (66.7% of invited individuals).ResultsThe mean age was 60.3±8.3 years in men and 59.8±8.5 years in women. The prevalence of MetS was 50.7% in women and 55.8% in men. The prevalence of MetS and its components, except high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, increased linearly with increasing serum calcium (P<0.001), even after adjustment for age, physical activity, alcohol, vitamin D intake, calcium intake, and smoking. The threshold value for serum calcium for MetS was 2.50 mmol/l in this population. The association of MetS with total serum calcium was similar even after exclusion of patients treated with hypertensive drugs. The drug treatments for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes increased in a similar pattern.ConclusionsSerum calcium level is associated with MetS and its components, except HDL-cholesterol.

scholarly journals Association of dietary calcium intake, total and ionized serum calcium levels with preeclampsia in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel D. Gebreyohannes ◽  
Ahmed Abdella ◽  
Wondimu Ayele ◽  
Ahizechukwu C. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium Level

Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a well-known cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies have been given emphasis to play roles in the pathophysiology. Although evidence is abundant, they are equivocal. The study aimed to see the association of dietary calcium intake, serum total calcium level and ionized calcium level with preeclampsia. It also evaluated the association between dietary calcium intake and serum calcium levels. Materials and methods An unmatched case–control study was conducted in Gandhi Memorial, Tikur Anbessa, and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, all in Addis Ababa, between October to December, 2019. Cases were 42 women with preeclampsia and controls were 42 normotensive women. The medical and obstetric history was gathered using a structured questionnaire and the dietary calcium intake information using a 24-h dietary recall. The serum levels of total serum calcium and ionized (free) calcium were measured using an inductively coupled mass spectrophotometer. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation test were utilized during data analysis. Results In comparison with controls, women with preeclampsia had lower mean (± 1SD) levels of ionized calcium level (1.1 mmol/l ± 0.11), total serum calcium level (1.99 mmol/l ± 0.35) and lower median (IQR) dietary calcium intake (704 mg/24 h,458–1183). The odds of having preeclampsia was almost eight times greater in those participants with low serum ionized calcium level (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.388–23.608) and three times higher in those with low total serum calcium level (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.024–9.370). Low dietary calcium intake also showed statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.092 -10.723). Serum ionized calcium level and total serum calcium level showed positive correlation of moderate strength (p = 0.004, r = 0.307), but no correlation was found between dietary calcium intake with both forms of serum calcium levels. Conclusion This study showed significant association between low dietary calcium intake and low serum calcium levels with preeclampsia, hence this can be used as a supportive local evidence for the current context-specific recommendation of calcium supplementation in societies with low-dietary calcium consumption in an attempt to prevent preeclampsia, therefore implementation study should be considered in Ethiopia to look for the feasibility of routine supplementation.

scholarly journals Calcium Intake and Serum Calcium Level in Relation to the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: Findings from the REGARDS Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Dibaba ◽  
Pengcheng Xun ◽  
Alyce D. Fly ◽  
Aurelian Bidulescu ◽  
Cari L. Tsinovoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Regards Study

scholarly journals Systematic review: associations of calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and physical activity with skeletal outcomes in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Gil-Díaz ◽  
Jennifer Raynor ◽  
Kimberly O. O’Brien ◽  
George J. Schwartz ◽  
David R. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

Calcium-Alkali Syndrome Associated with Hypoparathyroidism Following Total Thyroidectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Sayaka Kuroya ◽  
Masahiko Yazawa ◽  
Yugo Shibagaki ◽  
Naoto Tominaga
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Parathyroid Autotransplantation ◽  
High Calcium

Background: Patients with permanent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, a complication of total thyroidectomy, often require high calcium supplementation with vitamin D to maintain serum calcium levels. The epidemiology of calcium-alkali syndrome (CAS) in patients with hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of hypercalcemia, renal impairment, metabolic alkalosis, and CAS in patients treated for presumed hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with neck cancers who underwent total thyroidectomy without parathyroid autotransplantation between January 2010 and October 2013 at our hospital were consecutively included. All patients received calcium lactate and alfacalcidol for postsurgical hypocalcemia. We defined hypercalcemia as a corrected serum calcium level (cCa) ≥10.5 mg/dL, metabolic alkalosis as a difference in serum sodium and serum chloride ([sNa-sCl]) ≥39 mEq/L, and renal impairment as a ≥50% increase in serum creatine and/or ≥35% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to baseline. Results: cCa peaked (11.1 ± 1.5 mg/dL) at a median of 326 days (interquartile range 78–869) after surgery. At peak cCa, [sNa-sCl] was significantly higher (p < 0.01), and eGFR was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that at baseline. Fifteen patients (55.6%) had hypercalcemia, 19 (70.3%) had alkalosis, 12 (44.4%) had renal impairment, and 9 (33.3%) had CAS. Patients with CAS (mean age 67.1 ± 10.8 years) were older than those without CAS (56.7 ± 13.6 years, p = 0.06). The mean dose of alfacalcidol in the CAS group (3.1 ± 1.2 μg/day) was significantly larger than that in the non-CAS group (2.1 ± 1.0 μg/day, p = 0.03). Conclusions: This retrospective study reveals the high incidence of CAS in patients with hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the serum calcium level, acid-base balance, and renal function should be closely monitored in patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism who receive large doses of active vitamin D.

scholarly journals An Interesting Case of Isolated Bone Marrow Sarcoidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A180-A180
Author(s):  
Iqra Iqbal ◽  
Artem Minalyan ◽  
Muhammad Atique Alam Khan ◽  
Glenn A McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsy ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Calcium

Abstract Introduction: About 30% cases of sarcoidosis have extrapulmonary manifestations but only 7% of patients present without any lung involvement. Among those 7%, most of the patients have manifestations on the skin but isolated bone marrow sarcoidosis has not been commonly reported. This case represents an unusual manifestation of isolated bone marrow sarcoidosis presenting with very high calcium levels. Case Presentation: A 58-year-old female presented to us with fatigue, poor appetite, and nausea. She did not report any weight changes. Her cancer screening was up to date. On examination, she appeared dehydrated. No neck swelling was appreciated. Cardiac, respiratory, abdominal, and neurological examinations were normal. Complete blood count showed hemoglobin of 10.6 mg/dL, white blood cell count of 3.8 k/dL, and platelet count of 87 x109/L. Metabolic panel revealed hypercalcemia with corrected calcium levels as high as 12.6 mg/dL. Ionized calcium was 8.1 mg/dL (normal 4.8 - 5.6). Her parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was elevated up to 64.6 mg/dL and then further increased to 134.3 mg/dL. A 24-hour urinary calcium level was normal. 1, 25-dihydroxy (1,25-OH) and 25-OH vitamin D levels were 97 mg/dL (normal 18–72) and 31.2 mg/dL, respectively. Serum protein electrophoresis and light chain analysis were normal. Hyperparathyroidism was suggested as a cause of hypercalcemia. Ultrasound of the neck and sestamibi scan showed a right lower pole parathyroid adenoma. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia was also one of the differentials. Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) was 9 pg/mL (normal 14 - 27). Colonoscopy was normal. Computerized tomography showed normal lungs, liver and spleen. No masses and lymphadenopathy was seen. A bone marrow biopsy was done for pancytopenia. Patient underwent parathyroid adenoma removal followed by a drop in serum calcium level (8.2 mg/dL). Patient was discharged on calcium carbonate and vitamin D tablets. Upon outpatient follow-up, calcium level started to rise again up to 9.8 mg/dL. Despite discontinuation of supplemental calcium and vitamin D, calcium continued to uptrend (11.5 mg/dL 4 weeks later). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) level came back as high as 129 (normal level &lt; 40 mcg/L). Meanwhile, the bone marrow biopsy results showed that 40% of bone marrow was occupied by non-caseating granulomas suggesting sarcoidosis. Patient was started on steroids for isolated bone marrow sarcoidosis, and eventually her serum calcium level normalized. Conclusion: An isolated bone marrow sarcoidosis is an extremely rare manifestation of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. It can present with pancytopenia and should be sought in patients with persistent hypercalcemia. In addition, our case was challenging due to the presence of a concurrent hyperparathyroidism which was initially thought to be the only explanation of our patient’s hypercalcemia.

scholarly journals Variations in serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium levels due to stage of lactation, season, and age in Ayrshire cows injected with vitamin D3 prior to calving

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Vappu Kossila ◽  
Paavo Niemelä ◽  
Erkki Koskenkorva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Blood mineral studies were carried out in the dairy herd of the Viik Experimental Farm, in which parturient paresis has been successfully prevented by intramuscular injections of vitamin D3 (2 X 5 million I.U.). The material consisted of 41 cows from which 207 blood samples had been taken in 1963 and 12 cows (6 controls, 6 vitamin D injected cows) from which 72 blood samples had been taken in 1969. All cows were either dry and pregnant or lactating and nonpregnant. Compared to values obtained during the dry period, the serum calcium level was only slightly lower shortly after calving. The calcium level increased in the vitamin D treated cows during the ascending phase of lactation, whereas both the calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels remained relatively low in the control cows, respectively. The highest mean magnesium levels occurred during the 2nd and 3rd weeks of lactation. The serum calcium level was higher during the grazing period than during the indoor feeding period. Inorganic phosphorus remained at a relatively high level in younger cows during the grazing period, whereas a significant decrease was noted in the phosphorus level of older cows, respectively. The lowest magnesium values were noted in May, i.e. already before the beginning of the pasture season, the concentration increasing towards the end of the grazing period especially in younger cows. As a whole, younger cows had slightly higher mean serum calcium and magnesium levels and significantly higher inorganic phosphorus levels compared to older cows. The effect of age on the inorg. phosphorus level appeared to be more marked in dry cows and during the grazing period than in lactating cows and during the winter feeding period. Special attention has been paid to the blood mineral values of four individual cows suffering from various illnesses during the study period.

scholarly journals Association of Genetic Variants Related to Serum Calcium Levels with Reduced Bone Mineral Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e328-e336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Hoi-Yee Li ◽  
Cassianne Robinson-Cohen ◽  
Shivani Sahni ◽  
Philip Chun-Ming Au ◽  
Kathryn Choon-Beng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density

Abstract Context The role of serum calcium in bone metabolism is unknown, even though calcium/vitamin D supplementations have been widely used and are expected to improve bone health. We aim to determine the independent role of serum calcium in bone mineral density (BMD). Design and setting Two epidemiological analyses with 5478 and 5556 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003 to 2006 and the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS) to evaluate the cross-sectional association of serum calcium with BMD. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using genetic variations as instrumental variables to infer causality. Summary statistics of genome-wide association study of serum calcium (N = 39 400) and lifelong whole-body BMD (N = 66 628) were used. Main outcome measure BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Results In NHANES 2003–6 and HKOS, each standard deviation (SD) increase in serum calcium was significantly associated with 0.036–0.092 SD decrease in BMD at various sites (all P &lt; .05). In multivariable inverse-variance weighted MR analysis, genetic predisposition to higher serum calcium level was inversely associated with whole-body BMD after adjustment for serum parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and phosphate (–0.431 SD per SD increase in serum calcium; 95% CI: –0.773 to –0.089, P = .014). Similar estimates were obtained in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Our study reveals that genetic predisposition to higher serum calcium level per se may have a negative impact on bone metabolism. Whether increased serum calcium caused by calcium/vitamin D supplementations would have the same negative effect on bone remains unknown, which warrants further investigation. In addition to other adverse clinical outcomes, careful use of high-dose supplementations is required.

scholarly journals Serum calcium level among pregnant women and its association with pre-eclampsia and delivery outcomes: A cross-sectional study from North India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Partha Haldar ◽  
Anant Gupta ◽  
Ayush Lohiya
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Calcium requirement increases during pregnancy, thereby increasing the chances of developing hypocalcaemia. Hypocalcaemia may be associated with pregnancy-related complications. Therefore, we planned this study to estimate the prevalence of hypocalcaemia among pregnant women attending secondary care hospital, and to study the association between hypocalcaemia and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a secondary level hospital at Ballabgarh, district Faridabad, Haryana, India. Consecutive pregnant women with gestation period more than 28 weeks were enrolled. Dietary calcium intake was ascertained using 24-hour dietary recall method. Serum calcium estimation was done by Biolis 24i auto analyser. Outcome of pregnancy (preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW) babies, and neonatal mortality) was assessed telephonically 3 months after the enrolment. Results: A total of 696 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Mean (SD) dietary calcium intake and serum calcium level was 796.4 (360.4) mg/day and 9.56 (0.94) mg/dl respectively. Prevalence (95% CI) of hypocalcaemia was 23.9% (20.8 – 27.2%). Serum total calcium level was not associated with dietary calcium intake (p-value – 0.36). Mean serum calcium level was significantly lower in mothers who had LBW babies. Pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and neonatal mortality were not associated with serum calcium level. Conclusion: Serum calcium level may not be related to dietary calcium level. Hence, the current recommendation of calcium supplementation during antenatal period appears to be inconclusive among our study population.

A case of severe, irreversible hypocalcemia after one dose of pamidronate administered for hypercalcemia of malignancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1787-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy

This is a case report of a patient who developed severe, irreversible hypocalcemia after receiving one dose of pamidronate 90 mg for hypercalcemia of malignancy. Hypocalcemia is a known risk of bisphosphonate treatments, but the incidence of severe hypocalcemia is rare, and the risk factors are well established. However, in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy, the treatment objective is to reduce the elevated serum calcium level, and the bisphosphonate is usually given as one time dose only. The potential for developing severe hypocalcemia may not be considered a significant concern in this setting compared to the setting of the treatment of bone metastasis, where the baseline serum calcium level is not elevated and the bisphosphonate is administered at a regular interval of every three to four weeks. Furthermore, there is unawareness of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in cancer patients, especially in those with advanced cancer, which may lead to inadvertent, severe hypocalcemia from bisphosphonate treatment. The objective of this case report is to bring awareness to the risk of severe hypocalcemia in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy and the high prevalence of unrecognized vitamin D deficiency in cancer patients.

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