scholarly journals The prevalence and predictors of active brown adipose tissue in Chinese adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyun Zhang ◽  
Aaron M Cypess ◽  
Qing Miao ◽  
Hongying Ye ◽  
Chong Wee Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct

ObjectivePrevious studies have shown that active brown adipose tissue (BAT) is present in adults and may play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. However, nearly every study has been carried out in patients undergoing scanning for cancer surveillance (CS), whose metabolism and BAT activity may not reflect those of healthy individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of active BAT in Chinese adults, particularly in healthy individuals.DesignA total of 31 088 consecutive subjects aged ≥18 years who had undergone positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning of BAT were evaluated in this study.MethodsWe measured BAT activity via18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in subjects who had undergone scanning for either a routine medical checkup (MC) or CS in Shanghai. Then, we investigated the predictors of active BAT, particularly in healthy individuals.ResultsIn both groups, the prevalence of BAT was higher in women than in men. Using a multivariate logistic analysis, we found age, sex, BMI, and high thyroid glucose uptake to be significant predictors of BAT activity in the MC group. Similarly, we found age, sex, and BMI to be significant predictors of BAT activity, but not thyroid high glucose uptake, in the CS group.ConclusionsIn Chinese adults, BAT activity inversely correlates with BMI and thyroid high glucose uptake, which reinforces the central role of brown fat in adult metabolism and provides clues to a potential means for treating the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Determinants of activity of brown adipose tissue in lymphoma patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Brendle ◽  
Norbert Stefan ◽  
Eva Grams ◽  
Martin Soekler ◽  
Christian la Fougère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct

AbstractThe determinants of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity are not yet known in detail but might serve as future therapeutic targets against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 235 datasets of lymphoma patients with two PET/CT examinations at different time points retrospectively. We assessed the anthropometric characteristics, features related to the metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, season of the PET/CT examination, weight change, prior cancer history, lymphoma subgroups, disease activity, and specific lymphoma-related therapies, and evaluated their association with BAT activity. We found BAT activity in 12% of all examinations, and the incidence of BAT activity after initially negative examinations was 10%. In multivariate regression analysis, the prevalence of BAT activity was associated with age, body mass index, sex, the season of the examination, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and medication on the beta-receptors. New BAT activity arose more often in patients without preceding lymphoma-related therapy. No specific medication was associated with BAT activity. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential connection of BAT with the metabolic syndrome. Preceding lymphoma-related therapy might have an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of BAT.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Induced Brown Adipose Tissue and Amelioration of Diabetes in a Patient with Extreme Insulin Resistance

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Skarulis ◽  
Francesco S. Celi ◽  
Elisabetta Mueller ◽  
Marina Zemskova ◽  
Rana Malek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Context: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) found by positron emission/computed tomography (PET-CT) using flouro-deoxyglucose (FDG) is inducible by cold exposure in men. Factors leading to increased BAT are of great interest for its potential role in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Objective: We tested whether thyroid hormone (TH) levels are related to the volume and activity of BAT in a patient with a mutation in the insulin receptor gene. Design/Setting/Intervention: Our work was based on the case report of a patient in an observational study at the National Institutes of Health. Patient: The patient discontinued insulin and oral antidiabetics after thyroidectomy and suppressive-dose levothyroxine therapy for thyroid cancer. PET-CT uptake in BAT was confirmed by histology and molecular analysis. Outcomes: PET-CT studies were performed, and we measured hemoglobin A1c and resting energy expenditure before and after levothyroxine discontinuation for thyroid cancer testing. Molecular studies of BAT and white adipose samples are presented. Result: Supraclavicular and periumbilical sc adipose tissue demonstrated molecular features of BAT including uncoupling protein-1, type 2 deiodinase, and PR domain containing 16 by quantitative PCR. Activity of type 2 deiodinase activity was increased. The discontinuation of levothyroxine resulted in decreased FDG uptake and diminished volume of BAT depots accompanied by worsening of diabetic control. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the TH effect on BAT activity and volume in this patient and an association between BAT activity and glucose levels in this patient. Because the contribution of TH on skeletal muscle energy expenditure and fuel metabolism was not assessed, an association between BAT activity and glucose homeostasis can only be suggested.

scholarly journals Relationship of brown adipose tissue perfusion and function: a study through β2-adrenoreceptor stimulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ernande ◽  
Kristin I. Stanford ◽  
Robrecht Thoonen ◽  
Haihua Zhang ◽  
Maëva Clerte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation increases glucose and lipid consumption; as such, it is been considered as a potential therapy to decrease obesity. BAT is highly vascularized and its activation is associated with a necessary increase in blood flow. However, whether increasing BAT blood flow per se increases BAT activity is unknown. To examine this hypothesis, we investigated whether an isolated increase in BAT blood flow obtained by β2-adrenoreceptor (β2-AR) stimulation with salbutamol increased BAT activity. BAT blood flow was estimated in vivo in mice using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The absence of direct effect of salbutamol on the function of isolated brown adipocytes was assessed by measuring oxygen consumption. The effect of salbutamol on BAT activity was investigated by measuring BAT glucose uptake in vivo. BAT blood flow increased by 2.3 ± 0.6-fold during β2-AR stimulation using salbutamol infusion in mice ( P = 0.003). β2-AR gene expression was detectable in BAT but was extremely low in isolated brown adipocytes. Oxygen consumption of isolated brown adipocytes did not change with salbutamol exposure, confirming the absence of a direct effect of β2-AR agonist on brown adipocytes. Finally, β2-AR stimulation by salbutamol increased BAT glucose uptake in vivo (991 ± 358 vs. 135 ± 49 ng glucose/mg tissue/45 min in salbutamol vs. saline injected mice, respectively, P = 0.046). In conclusion, an increase in BAT blood flow without direct stimulation of the brown adipocytes is associated with increased BAT metabolic activity. Increasing BAT blood flow might represent a new therapeutic target in obesity.

scholarly journals Activated Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Relationship to Adiposity and Metabolic Markers (P21-073-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Soundarrajan ◽  
Jie Deng ◽  
Mary Kwasny ◽  
Nicholas Rubert ◽  
Paige Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Objectives To explore potential relationships between PET/CT imaging characteristics of cold-activated brown adipose tissue (BAT), measures of adiposity and metabolic markers in young men. Methods We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a study designed to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to the reference standard, PET/CT, in characterizing BAT. A total of 25 healthy male participants ages 18–24 and body mass index (BMI) ranging from 19.4 to 35.9 Kg/m2 were included in the study. A physical exam and fasting lab draw were performed, including measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid panel, thyroid function tests, leptin, adiponectin, FGF-21 and IL-6. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). An individualized cooling protocol was utilized to activate BAT. Subjects were wrapped in a water-infused suit (CritiCool® System, Mennen Medical, Israel) and cooled to achieve non-shivering thermogenesis prior to imaging. Measures of cold-activated BAT, including mean standardized uptake value adjusted for lean mass (SUVlean mean), maximum SUV (SUVlean max), total BAT activity, and BAT volume were determined from PET/CT images. Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlations were employed to relate measures of active BAT to adiposity and metabolic parameters. Results There was an inverse relationship between fasting serum glucose and BAT volume (r = −0.40, P = 0.048). In addition, a positive correlation was observed for serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and SUVlean max (r = 0.45, P = 0.04). Marginally significant inverse relationships were noted between fasting glucose and total BAT activity (r = −0.39, P = 0.05) and leptin and SUVlean mean (r = −0.42, P = 0.05). However, no significant correlations were noted for measures of BAT activity or volume and other indicators of adiposity or glucose metabolism. Conclusions Data from this exploratory study suggest that BAT volume and activity may be inversely associated with fasting glucose in healthy young men. BAT activity was also correlated with an insulin sensitizer, FGF-21, suggesting BAT may lower glucose levels via an FGF-21 dependent pathway. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential mechanisms by which active BAT may impact glucose metabolism and the relationship between BAT and adiposity. Funding Sources NIDDK.

The effect of catecholamines on the glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue demonstrated by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with adrenal pheochromocytoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Yuri Itaya Yamaga ◽  
Anneliese Fischer Thom ◽  
Jairo Wagner ◽  
Ronaldo Hueb Baroni ◽  
Jairo Tabacow Hidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Adrenal Pheochromocytoma ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

scholarly journals Assessment of the aging of the brown adipose tissue by 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the progeria mouse model LmnaG609G/G609G

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjie Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Yongheng Gao ◽  
Ennui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

ABSTRACTBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important energy metabolic organ that is closely related to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Aging is one of the most important determinants of BAT activity. In this study, we used 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to assess the aging of the BAT in LmnaG609G/G609G mice. To evaluate the BAT activity, LmnaG609G/G609G and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with 18F-FDG, and PET/CT imaging was performed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVMax) of the BAT was measured and the target/nontarget (T/NT) values of BAT were calculated. The transcription and the protein expression levels of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), and the PRdomain-containing16 (PRDM16), were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting or immunohistochemical analysis. Apoptosis and cell senescence of the BAT, in WT and LmnaG609G/G609G mice, was detected by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and by CDKN2A/p16INK4a immunohistochemical staining, respectively. At 14 weeks of age, the BAT SUVMax and the expression levels of UCP1, β3-AR and PRDM16 in LmnaG609G/G609G mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. At the same time, the number of p16INK4a and TUNEL positively stained cells (%) increased in LmnaG609G/G609G mice. LmnaG609G/G609G mice are an ideal model for studying BAT aging. The aging characteristics and the aging mechanism of BAT in LmnaG609G/G609G mice can mimic normal BAT aging.

scholarly journals Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in human adults: methodological issues

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. R103-R113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk A. J. J. van der Lans ◽  
Roel Wierts ◽  
Maarten J. Vosselman ◽  
Patrick Schrauwen ◽  
Boudewijn Brans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Human Adults

The relevance of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots in human adults was undisputedly proven approximately seven years ago. Here we give an overview of all dedicated studies that were published on cold-induced BAT activity in adult humans that appeared since then. Different cooling protocols and imaging techniques to determine BAT activity are reviewed. BAT activation can be achieved by means of air- or water-cooling protocols. The most promising approach is individualized cooling, during which subjects are studied at the lowest temperature for nonshivering condition, probably revealing maximal nonshivering thermogenesis. The highest BAT prevalence (i.e., close to 100%) is observed using the individualized cooling protocol. Currently, the most widely used technique to study the metabolic activity of BAT is deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Dynamic imaging provides quantitative information about glucose uptake rates, whereas static imaging reflects overall BAT glucose uptake, localization, and distribution. In general, standardized uptake values (SUV) are used to quantify BAT activity. An accurate determination of total BAT volume is hampered by the limited spatial resolution of the PET image, leading to spillover. Different research groups use different SUV threshold values, which make it difficult to directly compare BAT activity levels between studies. Another issue is the comparison of [18F]FDG uptake in BAT with respect to other tissues or upon with baseline values. This comparison can be performed by using the “fixed volume” methodology. Finally, the potential use of other relatively noninvasive methods to quantify BAT, like magnetic resonance imaging or thermography, is discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation of thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of brown adipose tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Christakis Costa ◽  
Joaquim Miguel Maia ◽  
Marcos Leal Brioschi ◽  
José Eduardo de Melo Mafra Machado
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis exploratory retrospective study aims to investigate the thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of patients with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of the brown adipose tissue (BAT). A total of 166 individuals from 1000 thermographic electronic medical records were classified into four groups: Group HP + FM-50 individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia; Group FM-56 individuals with fibromyalgia only; Group HP-30 individuals with hypothyroidism only, and Group Control-30 healthy individuals. The thermal images from the electronic medical records were acquired by a FLIR T650SC infrared camera (used for thermometry) and the temperature data for each group were statistically analyzed. Group HP + FM showed r = 0, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT are independent of each other. Groups FM, HP and Control showed r = 1, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT were directly related. Our findings showed that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT regions are similar. Also, there was no correlation between thyroid gland temperature and the presence of hypothyroidism or fibromyalgia using thermometry.

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