scholarly journals Use of statins is associated with lower serum total and non-sex hormone-binding globulin-bound testosterone levels in male participants of the Rotterdam Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E de Keyser ◽  
Filipe Valerio de Lima ◽  
Frank H de Jong ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Yolanda B de Rijke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Statin Use

ObjectiveStatins, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, decrease cholesterol production. Because cholesterol is a precursor of the testosterone biosynthesis pathway, there is some concern that statins might lower serum testosterone levels. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between the use of statins and serum testosterone levels in men.DesignCross-sectional study within the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study.Subjects and methodsWe included 4166 men with available data on total testosterone, non-sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone, and medication use. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to compare the differences in serum testosterone levels (nmol/l) between current, past, and never statin users. We considered dose and duration of use. Analyses were adjusted for age, BMI, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and estradiol levels.ResultsWe identified 577 current (mean age 64.1 years), 148 past (mean age 64.6 years), and 3441 never (mean age 64.6 years) statin users. Adjusted for all covariables, current statin use of 1–≤6 months or >6 months was significantly associated with lower total testosterone levels as compared to non-users (β −1.24, 95% CI −2.17, −0.31, and β −1.14, 95% CI −2.07, −0.20 respectively). Current use of 1–≤6 months was also associated with significantly lower non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels (β −0.42, 95% CI −0.82, −0.02). There was a trend toward lower testosterone levels at higher statin doses both for total (Ptrend 2.9×10−5) and non-SHBG-bound (Ptrend 2.0×10−4) testosterone. No association between past statin use and testosterone levels was found.ConclusionWe showed that current use of statins was associated with significantly lower serum total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels. The clinical relevance of this association should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Effects of SHBG rs1799941 Polymorphism on Free Testosterone Levels and Hypogonadism Risk in Young Non-Diabetic Obese Males

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Daniel Castellano-Castillo ◽  
José Luis Royo ◽  
Ana Martínez-Escribano ◽  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
María Molina-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lineal Regression

Introduction: Obesity has been associated with increased risk of presenting hypogonadism. Free testosterone (FT) is the fraction of testosterone that carries out the biological function of testosterone, and is determined from total testosterone (TT) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. We aimed to study the SHBG polymorphism rs1799941 in a cohort of young non-diabetic obese males to unravel the possible implication of this polymorphism in obesity-related hypogonadism. Methodology: 212 young (<45 years) non-diabetic obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) males participated in this study. Subjects were classified according to TT and FT levels in: Eugonadal (n = 55, TT > 3.5 ng/mL and FT ≥ 70 pg/mL; EuG), normal FT hypogonadism (n = 40, TT < 3.5 and FT ≥ 70 pg/mL; normal FT HG) and hypogonadism (n = 117, TT < 3.5 ng/mL and TL < 70 pg/mL; HG). The SHBG rs1799941 polymorphism (GG/GA/AA) was analyzed using the Taqman Open Array (Applied biosystem). Results: The rs1799941 frequencies were different among the groups. Higher proportion of the allele (A) was found in HG, compared to EuG and normal FT HG. Among the genotypes, the rare homozygous (AA) were found in the normal FT HG group and higher levels of serum SHBG and lower of FT were observed. The presence of the allele A was related (according to lineal regression models) to an increased of SHBG levels ((GA) β = 3.28; (AA) β = 12.45) and a decreased of FT levels ((GA) β = −9.19; (AA) β = −18.52). The presence of the allele (A) increased the risk of presenting HG compared to normal FT HG (OR = 2.54). Conclusions: The rs1799941 of the SHBG gene can partially determine the presence of obesity-related hypogonadism in young non-diabetic males and whether these subjects have normal FT HG.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Testosterone and Luteinizing Hormone With Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Middle‐Aged and Elderly Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Qu ◽  
Chenzhao Feng ◽  
Xiaotong Wang ◽  
Yiqun Gu ◽  
Xuejun Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Risk Marker ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Background The age‐related decline in testosterone levels is thought to be of great importance for male aging and cardiovascular diseases. However, data are controversial on whether abnormal sex hormones are linked to the presence of cardiovascular diseases and it is also uncertain how blood pressure modifies the association between testosterone levels and major cardiovascular diseases. Methods and Results This is a multicenter, population‐based, cross‐sectional study of 6296 men conducted between 2013 and 2016. Basic information and clinical symptoms were obtained by questionnaires. Blood pressure and plasma levels of total testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, luteinizing hormone, and free testosterone were determined in men in a multistage random, cluster sampling in 6 provinces of China. There were 5786 Chinese men (mean [SD] age 55.0 [10.1] years) included after exclusion criteria were applied; 37.2% (2150) of them were diagnosed with hypertension. Total testosterone, free testosterone, and sex hormone–binding globulin were inversely associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Age >65 years or body mass index ≥24 negatively impacted the inverse correlation between testosterone levels and hypertension, whereas smoking and family history of hypertension strengthened the correlation. In participants with grade 2 hypertension, total testosterone was positively associated with the presence of stroke, and luteinizing hormone was also positively correlated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusions Lower total testosterone could be a promising risk marker for prevalent hypertension. Both low and high levels of testosterone are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. Primary hypogonadism may be a risk marker for major cardiovascular diseases in men with severe hypertension.

Salivary Free Testosterone in Hirsutism

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joško Osredkar ◽  
Ivan Vrhovec ◽  
Niko Jesenovec ◽  
Andreja Kocijančič ◽  
Janez Preželj
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Diagnostic Use

A sensitive, specific and accurate direct radioimmunoassay of testosterone in human saliva is described. A single salivary testosterone result is shown to be of greater diagnostic use in hirsutism than any of the currently used serum androgen assays. Thus, of 50 hirsute patients, salivary testosterone (Sa-T) was elevated in 34 patients, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was decreased in 30 women, serum testosterone (S-T) elevated in 13, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) was elevated in 14, and androstenedione in three of the investigated group.

scholarly journals Serum Testosterone is Inversely and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin is Directly Associated with All-cause Mortality in Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu B Yeap ◽  
Ross J Marriott ◽  
Leen Antonio ◽  
Yi X Chan ◽  
Suchitra Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Context Serum testosterone concentrations decline with age, while serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations increase. Objective To analyze associations of baseline serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations, and calculated free testosterone (cFT) values, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men. Design, Setting, and Participants The UK Biobank prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men aged 40–69 years old, followed for 11 years. Main Outcome Measures All-cause, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer-related mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed, adjusting for age, waist circumference, medical conditions, and other covariates. Models for testosterone included SHBG and vice versa. Results In a complete case analysis of 149 436 men with 10 053 deaths (1925 CVD and 4927 cancer-related), men with lower testosterone had a higher mortality rate from any cause (lowest vs highest quintile, Q1 vs Q5, fully-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.22, overall trend P &lt; 0.001), and cancer (HR = 1.20, CI = 1.09–1.33, P &lt; 0.001), with no association for CVD deaths. Similar results were seen for cFT. Men with lower SHBG had a lower mortality rate from any cause (Q1 vs Q5, HR = 0.68, CI = 0.63–0.73, P &lt; 0.001), CVD (HR = 0.70, CI = 0.59–0.83, P &lt; 0.001), and cancer (HR = 0.80, CI = 0.72–0.89, P &lt; 0.001). A multiply imputed dataset (N = 208 425, 15 914 deaths, 3128 CVD-related and 7468 cancer-related) and analysis excluding deaths within the first 2 years (9261, 1734, and 4534 events) yielded similar results. Conclusions Lower serum testosterone is independently associated with higher all-cause and cancer-related, but not CVD-related, mortality in middle-aged to older men. Lower SHBG is independently associated with lower all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality. Confirmation and determination of causality requires mechanistic studies and prospective trials.

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