scholarly journals Quantitative ultrasound for the assessment of osteopenia in preterm infants

2003 ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rubinacci ◽  
GE Moro ◽  
G Boehm ◽  
F De Terlizzi ◽  
GL Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Ultrasound Velocity ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
Two Parameters

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential role of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) investigation in assessing the osteopenia of prematurity. DESIGN: QUS parameters measured at the time of discharge were related to the anthropometric characteristics and age (postnatal and gestational) of 51 (34 female and 17 male) preterm infants fed fortified human milk. METHODS: QUS evaluation was performed at the humerus (h) by measuring two parameters: ultrasound velocity (hSOS, in m/s) and bone transmission time (hBTT, in micros). A group of 43 term infants (29 female and 14 male) was also evaluated. RESULTS: In preterm infants, significant correlations were found for hSOS and hBTT vs gestational age (r=0.504, 0.477, P<0.0001), length (r=0.641, 0.594, P<0.0001) and weight (r=0.580, 0.562, P<0.0001) at birth, and length (r=0.341, 0.332, P<0.05) and weight (r=0.331, r=0.362, P<0.05) at QUS measurement. In preterm infants, both QUS parameters were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.536, P<0.0001, r=-0.443, P<0.001) and were significantly lower than in the term infants (hSOS: 1664+/-42 m/s vs 1734+/-28 m/s, P<0.0001; hBTT: 0.58+/-0.24 micros vs 1.06+/-0.15 micros, P<0.0001) even when adjusted for body length (P<0.05). In preterm infants, hSOS was also negatively correlated with postconceptional age (r=-0.322, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that bone mineral accrual is mainly determined by the development in utero, and that prematurity induces a halt in the bone development process in the early postnatal period. QUS parameters are correlated with the severity of prematurity and might therefore have clinical applications when bone maturation in early life needs to be determined.

Periodic Breathing in Preterm Infants: Incidence and Characteristics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792
Author(s):  
S. F. Glotzbach ◽  
R. B. Baldwin ◽  
N. E. Lederer ◽  
P. A. Tansey ◽  
R. L. Ariagno
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Postconceptional Age

The prevalence and characteristics of periodic breathing in preterm infants were measured by 24-hour impedance pneumograms in 66 preterm infants before discharge from the nursery. Four periodic breathing parameters (percentage of periodic breathing per quiet time, number of episodes of periodic breathing per 100 minutes of quiet time, mean duration of periodic breathing, and longest episode of periodic breathing) were compared to data available from healthy term infants and from term infants who subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Periodic breathing was found in all preterm infants studied and mean periodic breathing parameter values (12.0%, 8.6 episodes, 1.2 minutes, and 7.3 minutes, respectively) in our preterm population were substantially higher than values from healthy term infants and SIDS victims. Most periodic breathing parameters decreased significantly in infants studied at 39 to 41 weeks' postconceptional age compared with earlier postconceptional age groups. No relationship was found between central apneas of ≥15 seconds' duration and postconceptional age or any periodic breathing parameter. Periodic breathing is a common respiratory pattern in preterm infants that is usually not of pathologic significance. Associations between elevated levels of periodic breathing and respiratory dysfunction or SIDS should be made with caution.

Body Composition in Very Preterm Infants: Role of Neonatal Characteristics and Nutrition in Achieving Growth Similar to Term Infants

Neonatology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Tremblay ◽  
Christine Boudreau ◽  
Sylvie Bélanger ◽  
Odette St-Onge ◽  
Etienne Pronovost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm

scholarly journals Weight Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome in Preterm Infants: Results of a Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardou H. Heida ◽  
Elisabeth M. W. Kooi ◽  
Josef Wagner ◽  
Thi-Yen Nguyen ◽  
Jan B. F. Hulscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Microbiome Development

Abstract Background: The intestinal microbiome in preterm infants differs markedly from term infants. It is unclear whether the microbiome develops over time according to infant specific factors. Methods: We analysed (clinical) metadata - to identify the main factors influencing the microbiome composition development - and the first meconium and feacal samples til the 4th week via 16S rRNA amplican sequencing. Results: We included 41 infants (gestational age 25-30 weeks; birth weight 430-990g. Birth via Caesarean section (CS) was associated with placental insufficiency during pregnancy and lower BW. In meconium and in weeks 2 and 3 an increased combined abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides (maternal fecal representatives) was associated with vaginal delivery (p=0.021, p=0.0002, p=0.028, respectively) while Staphylococcus (skin microbiome representative) was associated with CS (p=0.0008, p=0.0003 p=0.046, respectively). Secondly, irrespective of the week of sampling or the mode of birth, a transition was observed as children children gradually increased in weight from a microbiome dominated by Staphylococcus (Bacilli) towards a microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). Conclusions: Mode of delivery affects the meconium microbiome composition. It also suggests that the weight of the infant at the time of sampling is a better predictor for the stage of progression of the intestinal microbiome development/maturation than postconceptional age.

scholarly journals The role of breast milk fortifier in the post-discharge nutrition of preterm infants

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Kenny McCormick ◽  
Caroline King ◽  
Sara Clarke ◽  
Chris Jarvis ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Bone Mineralisation

Infants born prematurely are often discharged from hospital before 37 weeks post-menstrual age. While breastfeeding will meet all the nutritional requirements of full-term infants, these preterm infants may need enhanced levels of protein, minerals and possibly energy to ensure optimum growth, bone mineralisation and neurological development. To meet these additional nutrient needs in the neonatal unit, it is currently recommended that multinutrient breast milk fortifier is added to maternal breast milk. There may also be benefits in continuing to provide fortified milk after discharge, potentially including improved growth and preserving breastfeeding, and this is increasingly becoming a recognised practice in some neonatal units. This article presents the discussion and consensus of a multidisciplinary panel of neonatologists, neonatal dietitians, a GP and a neonatal outreach sister. The aim is to develop guidance on providing safe and effective nutritional supplementation for preterm infants after discharge in order to maintain optimal growth. This guidance is aimed at community healthcare staff and is based on the limited evidence available, using shared best practice and expertise.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Belal N. Alshaikh ◽  
Adriana Reyes Loredo ◽  
Megan Knauff ◽  
Sarfaraz Momin ◽  
Shirin Moossavi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC is not completely understood; however, intestinal immaturity and excessive immunoreactivity of intestinal mucosa to intraluminal microbes and nutrients appear to have critical roles. Dietary fats are not only the main source of energy for preterm infants, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, intestinal microbial colonization, immune function, and inflammatory response. Preterm infants have a relatively low capacity to digest and absorb triglyceride fat. Fat may thereby accumulate in the ileum and contribute to the development of NEC by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some fat components, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), also exert immunomodulatory roles during the early postnatal period when the immune system is rapidly developing. LC-PUFAs may have the ability to modulate the inflammatory process of NEC, particularly when the balance between n3 and n6 LC-PUFAs derivatives is maintained. Supplementation with n3 LC-PUFAs alone may have limited effect on NEC prevention. In this review, we describe how various fatty acids play different roles in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants.

scholarly journals Weight shapes the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants: results of a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardou H. Heida ◽  
Elisabeth M. W. Kooi ◽  
Josef Wagner ◽  
Thi-Yen Nguyen ◽  
Jan B. F. Hulscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
Postconceptional Age ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract Background The intestinal microbiome in preterm infants differs markedly from term infants. It is unclear whether the microbiome develops over time according to infant specific factors. Methods We analysed (clinical) metadata - to identify the main factors influencing the microbiome composition development - and the first meconium and faecal samples til the 4th week via 16 S rRNA amplican sequencing. Results We included 41 infants (gestational age 25–30 weeks; birth weight 430-990 g. Birth via Caesarean section (CS) was associated with placental insufficiency during pregnancy and lower BW. In meconium samples and in samples from weeks 2 and 3 the abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides (maternal faecal representatives) were associated with vaginal delivery while Staphylococcus (skin microbiome representative) was associated with CS. Secondly, irrespective of the week of sampling or the mode of birth, a transition was observed as children children gradually increased in weight from a microbiome dominated by Staphylococcus (Bacilli) towards a microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). Conclusions Our data show that the mode of delivery affects the meconium microbiome composition. They also suggest that the weight of the infant at the time of sampling is a better predictor for the stage of progression of the intestinal microbiome development/maturation than postconceptional age as it less confounded by various infant-specific factors.

Silence matters: The role of pauses during dyadic maternal and paternal vocal interactions with preterm and full-term infants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Eliza KIEPURA ◽  
Alicja NIEDŹWIECKA ◽  
Grażyna KMITA
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Vocal Activity ◽  
Vocal Interactions

Abstract This study examined the characteristics of the vocal behaviors of parents and preterm infants, as compared to their term-born peers, at three months of age. Potential links between specific features of parental IDS and infants’ vocal activity were also sought. We analyzed the frequencies and durations of vocalizations and pauses during the dyadic interactions of 19 preterm and 19 full-term infants with their mothers and fathers. The results showed that the duration of the vocalizations was shorter for the preterm than for the full-term infants, regardless of the interactive partner. Mothers vocalized more frequently and for a longer time than fathers, regardless of the group, but only the frequency of paternal utterances was significantly and positively correlated with the frequency and duration of infant vocalizations. Frequent conversational pauses of a relatively short total duration seemed to be related to more active infants’ vocal participation, regardless of prematurity and parent gender.

scholarly journals The Use of N-Terminal-Pro-BNP in Preterm Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afif EL-Khuffash ◽  
Eleanor Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Neonatal Population

The use of natriuretic peptides in the neonatal population is emerging. B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-Pro-BNP (NTpBNP) are used in the adult population to assess myocardial function and volume loading. Their role in prognosis following cardiac surgery has also been identified. In preterm infants NTpBNP is becoming increasingly recognised as a potential screening tool for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and a marker for myocardial performance. In addition, NTpBNP may provide prognostic information in preterm infants and term infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). In this paper, the role of NTpBNP in the preterm population will be discussed.

Assessing bone development in preterm infants using quantitative ultrasonography showed a decline in the early postnatal period

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Marieke Krikke ◽  
Dana Yumani ◽  
Christine Rustenburg ◽  
Anneke Cranendonk ◽  
Jos Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Early Postnatal Period ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasonography

scholarly journals The role of the family-oriented technologies in perinatal medicine within Ural Federal District

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Galina Borisovna Malgina ◽  
Elena Pavlovna Shihova ◽  
Irina Fridrikhovna Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Department Heads ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Perinatal Audit ◽  
The Family

The audit was conducted among leading perinatal centers of the Urals Federal District (UFD) and included department heads, doctors and patients — some by personal interview, others by written questionnaires. We found that in the perinatal centers there is virtually no organized work to prepare pregnant women for childbirth. The percentage of partnership-supported labors varies from 0 to 48.5 % (in two centers partner-supported labors do not take place at all). In most institutions partner-supported childbirth rate does not exceed 10–12 %, although the technology is available and free. Rooming-in mothers and term infants implemented everywhere, but mothers and preterm infants are often separated. Thus, it is necessary to continue the implementation of perinatal practices, namely, family-oriented technology which should be an essential indicator parameters of perinatal audit in the leading perinatal centers in the Urals Federal District.

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