P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme autoantibodies in canine Addison's disease

OBJECTIVE: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the steroidogenic enzymes 21-hydroxylase (21OH) and side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC) are important diagnostic markers for autoimmune Addison's disease and autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) types I and II. The characterization of autoantibody (IgG) subclasses may reveal information on how tIssue destruction takes place; therefore, IgG subtypes of anti-21OH and anti-SCC antibodies from sera of patients with Addison's disease, APS I and APS II were determined using recombinant 21OH and SCC. METHODS: SCC(51-521) and his-SCC(51-521) were expressed by pET-scc in the Escherichia coli strain BL21 Star (DE3) and inclusion bodies were purified. Full-length, human 21OH fused to an N-terminal 6x histidine affinity tag was expressed in insect cells by using the baculovirus expression system bac-to-bac. Western blots were used to investigate the IgG subtype(s) of the autoantibodies against 21OH and SCC in patients and healthy blood donors. RESULTS: All anti-SCC positive sera (n=10) contained autoantibodies of the IgG1 subclass, while four out of ten also contained IgG3. All anti-21OH positive sera (n=16) had autoantibodies exclusively against IgG1. Sera from 20 healthy subjects did not show any reactivity against 21OH or SCC. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a predominating IgG1 response against 21OH and SCC may suggest that T helper (Th) cells of the Th1 subclass are involved in destruction of the adrenal cortex in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease.

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II. Adrenal Cortex and Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Autoantibodies in Children with Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases: Markers of High Progression to Clinical Addison’s Disease

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.82.3.3849 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 939-942

Author(s):

Corrado Betterle ◽

Marina Volpato ◽

Bernard Rees Smith ◽

Jadwiga Furmaniak ◽

Shu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Addison’S Disease ◽

Adrenal Function ◽

Side Chain ◽

Addison's Disease ◽

Side Chain Cleavage ◽

Chain Cleavage ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Cleavage Enzyme

Abstract Adrenal cortex autoantibodies (ACA) were measured by immunofluorescence in 808 children with organ-specific autoimmune diseases without adrenal insufficiency. ACA were found in 14 children (1.7%), mostly in hypoparathyroidism (48%). Ten ACA-positive and 12 ACA-negative children were followed up for a maximum of 10 yr by evaluation of adrenocortical function (ACTH test) and autoantibody status. In all patients steroid-producing cell autoantibodies were assessed by immunofluorescence and autoantibodies to steroid 21-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase, and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme by immunoprecipitation assay. All 10 ACA-positive patients were positive for 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies. Six were positive for steroid-producing cell autoantibodies and 5 also for autoantibodies to 17α-hydroxylase and/or P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme. Overt Addison’s disease developed in 9 (90%) ACA/21-OH-antibody-positive children after 3–121 months, and 1 remaining child had subclinical hypoadrenalism. By contrast, all ACA/21-OH antibody-negative children maintained normal adrenal function. Adrenal failure was not related to ACA titres, sex, adrenal function, type of preexisting autoimmune disorder, or human leucocyte antigens D-related status. In conclusion, in children with autoimmune endocrine diseases, ACA/21-hydroxylase autoantibodies are important predictive markers for the development of Addison’s disease.

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Autoantibodies against Cytochrome P450 Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme in Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) Affected with Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0143458 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e0143458 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alisdair M. Boag ◽

Michael R. Christie ◽

Kerry A. McLaughlin ◽

Harriet M. Syme ◽

Peter Graham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Canis Lupus ◽

Addison’S Disease ◽

Side Chain ◽

Addison's Disease ◽

Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽

Side Chain Cleavage ◽

Chain Cleavage ◽

Cleavage Enzyme

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Autoantibodies against recombinant human steroidogenic enzymes 21-hydroxylase, side-chain cleavage and 17alpha-hydroxylase in Addison's disease and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type III

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1420187 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

R de Carmo Silva ◽

CE Kater ◽

SA Dib ◽

S Laureti ◽

F Forini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Addison’S Disease ◽

Side Chain ◽

Addison's Disease ◽

Syndrome Type ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Side Chain Cleavage ◽

Type Iii ◽

Chain Cleavage ◽

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of autoantibodies (Ab) against 21 hydroxylase (21OH), side-chain cleavage (SCC) and 17alpha-hydroxylase (17OH), in Addison's disease (AD) and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type III (APSIII). DESIGN AND METHODS: We used radiobinding assays and in vitro translated recombinant human (35)S-21OH, (35)S-SCC or (35)S-17OH and studied serum samples from 29 AD (18 idiopathic, 11 granulomatous) and 18 APSIII (autoimmune thyroid disease plus type 1 diabetes mellitus, without AD) patients. Results were compared with those of adrenocortical autoantibodies obtained with indirect immunofluorescence (ACA-IIF). RESULTS: ACA-IIF were detected in 15/18 (83%) idiopathic and in 1/11 (9%) granulomatous AD subjects. 21OHAb were found in 14/18 (78%) idiopathic and in the same (9%) granulomatous AD subject. A significant positive correlation was shown between ACA-IIF and 21OHAb levels (r(2)=0.56, P<0.02). The concordance rate between the two assays was 83% (24/29) in AD patients. SCCAb were found in 5/18 (28%) idiopathic (4 of whom were also positive for 21OHAb) and in the same (9%) granulomatous AD subject. 17OHAb were found in only 2/18 (11%) idiopathic and none of the granulomatous AD patients. Two APSIII patients were positive for ACA-IIF, but only one was positive for 21OHAb and SCCAb. 17OHAb were found in another two APSIII patients. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of 21OHAb should be the first step in immune assessment of patients with AD and individuals at risk for adrenal autoimmunity, in addition to ACA-IIF. Due to their low prevalence in AD, measurement of SCCAb and 17OHAb should be indicated only for 21OHAb negative patients and/or for those with premature ovarian failure, regardless of ACA-IIF results.

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Autoantibody responses in autoimmune ovarian insufficiency and in Addison's disease are IgG1 dominated and suggest a predominant, but not exclusive, Th1 type of response

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-0257 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 163 (2) ◽

pp. 309-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Annalisa Brozzetti ◽

Stefania Marzotti ◽

Daria La Torre ◽

Maria Luisa Bacosi ◽

Silvia Morelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Addison’S Disease ◽

Side Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Addison's Disease ◽

Igg Subclass ◽

Ovarian Insufficiency ◽

Side Chain Cleavage ◽

Chain Cleavage ◽

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome ◽

Igg1 Isotype

ObjectiveSteroid-producing cell autoantibodies (SCAs) directed against 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies (21OHAbs), 17α-hydroxylase autoantibodies (17OHAb), and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (side-chain cleavage autoantibodies, P450sccAb) characterize autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency (SCA-POI). The aim of the study was to analyze IgG subclass specificity of autoantibodies related to adrenal and ovarian autoimmunity.DesignWe studied 29 women with SCA-POI, 30 women with autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) without POI, and 14 patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1). 21OHAb isotypes were also analyzed in 14 subjects with preclinical AAD. Samples from 30 healthy women served as control group to determine the upper level of normality in the isotype assays.MethodsImmunoradiometric assays with IgG subclass-specific secondary antibodies.ResultsIn 21OHAb-positive sera, IgG1 isotype was detected in 90% SCA-POI and non-POI AAD sera and 67% APS1 patients. IgG1 isotype was found in 69% 17OHAb-positive SCA-POI and 100% 17OHAb-positive APS1 sera, and in 60% P450sccAb-positive SCA-POI and 80% P450sccAb-positive APS1 sera. For 21OHAb, IgG4 isotype was detected in 17% SCA-POI, 7% non-POI AAD, and 8% APS1 sera. None of the 17OHAb-positive sera was positive for IgG4. In P450sccAb-positive sera, 15% POI and 20% APS1 sera were positive for IgG4. Two 21OHAb-positive SCA-POI (7%), one 21OHAb-positive AAD (3%), three P450sccAb-positive SCA-POI (15%), and two P450sccAb-positive APS1 (20%) sera were positive for IgG4, in the absence of IgG1. All preclinical AAD sera resulted as positive for IgG1-21OHAb, but not for IgG4-21OHAb.ConclusionsThe autoantibody responses in POI and AAD are IgG1 dominated, which suggests a predominant Th1 response. Selective IgG4 isotype specificity identified a small subset of patients with Th2-oriented response.

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