Increase in plasma progesterone caused by undernutrition during early pregnancy in the ewe

Reproduction ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-a-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Cumming ◽  
B. Mole ◽  
J Obst ◽  
M. Blockey ◽  
C. Winfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Progesterone

PERIPHERAL CONCENTRATIONS OF PROGESTERONE, CORTISOL, ALDOSTERONE, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE PLASMA OF THE TADMIT EWE DURING PREGNANCY AND PARTURITION

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISA BOULFEKHAR ◽  
ROGER BRUDIEUX
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The peripheral blood concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone and electrolytes were measured simultaneously in 16 multiparous ewes of the Tadmit Algerian breed during pregnancy and parturition. Plasma progesterone concentrations were similar to those of the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle during the first third of gestation. Between 60 and 135 days after mating, the levels of plasma progesterone increased steadily to values eight times those found in early pregnancy. However, no change was observed from days 43 to 28 before parturition. Mean progesterone concentrations declined during the 17 days preceding lambing, decreasing more quickly during the last 3 days. Pregnancy did not increase the levels of plasma cortisol and the mean values during pregnancy did not exceed 0·5 μg/100 ml until 90 days after mating. It then tended to decrease between days 57 and 17 before parturition, before rising slightly on both day 7 and on the day of lambing. Concentrations of plasma aldosterone were low during early pregnancy (about 2 ng/100 ml). Thereafter, as with progesterone, they rose from days 58 to 43, did not change from days 43 to 28 and increased again until maximum levels were reached 17 days prepartum and then levels decreased sharply until 7 days before lambing. At this stage, progesterone levels continued to decrease during the last 7 days while aldosterone concentrations once more increased. Sodium and potassium concentrations changed little during pregnancy, although the sodium: potassium ratio tended to increase during the last 17 days of pregnancy. It is suggested that changes in the levels of plasma aldosterone during gestation in the ewe are the result of the competitive inhibition of aldosterone by progesterone at a renal level and that the rise of aldosterone during the last few days of pregnancy is largely due to the stimulation of renin substrate production by oestrogens whose values are high at this period.

314 EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS USING A NOVEL TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY PROTOCOL IN JAPANESE BLACK COWS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
A. Gaja ◽  
C. Kubota ◽  
T. Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Plasma

The present study aims to establish a novel practical protocol for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows by using transrectal ultrasonography. The protocol is based on measurements of corpus luteum (CL) cross-sectional area (CL c-s area) change performed at 2 separate days before the coming estrus after AI. Fourteen cows were inseminated artificially, and transrectal ultrasonographical observation of the ovaries and blood collection for measurement of peripheral plasma progesterone (P4) concentration were carried out daily from Days 12 to 23 (Day 0 = the day of onset of estrus). Thereafter, cows were routinely diagnosed for pregnancy at Day 30 by transrectal ultrasonography. The largest CL c-s area was obtained at Day 14 in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Seven out of 8 non-pregnant cows showed significant CL c-s area regression between Days 14 and 20 (422 ± 112 v. 249 ± 63 mm2), whereas no regression was observed between Days 14 and 20 in pregnant cows (416 ± 65 v. 402 ± 78 mm2). The regression in the CL c-s area between pregnant and non-pregnant cows was significantly different during Day 18 (424 ± 65 v. 288 ± 88 mm2) to Day 23 (402 ± 71 v. 139 ± 64 mm2). P4 concentration was significantly low (less than 1 ng mL–1) at Day 20 in 3 out of 8 non-pregnant cows, whereas the pregnant cows showed significant increase of P4 between Days 14 and 20 (2.6 ± 0.2 v. 3.4 ± 0.5 ng mL–1). The pregnant cows showed significantly higher P4 concentration starting from Day 18 than non-pregnant cows. However, in non-pregnant cows, 4 cows returned to estrus on Day 20 or after, 3 cows showed no signs of estrus, and 1 cow came in estrus as early as Day 18 after AI. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that measuring the change in the CL c-s area at Days 14 and 20 makes it possible to detect the non-pregnant cows at Day 20 after AI. However, it was also indicated that measuring the change of P4 concentrations on the same days did not always successfully detect non-pregnant cows. The new protocol based on CL c-s area regression rate can detect almost certainly non-pregnant cows at Day 20 after AI. It is suggested that this method is advantageous in research and industrial breeding.

Early pregnancy factor in marsupials

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Cruz ◽  
H. Morton ◽  
A. C. Cavanagh ◽  
L. Selwood ◽  
S. D. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Early Pregnancy Factor ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in marsupials occurs in more subtle ways than it does in eutherians. For instance, unlike in eutherians, the plasma progesterone profiles of pregnant and non-pregnant animals are similar during the luteal phase. It is typically during the brief luteal phase that both gestation and parturition occur in marsupials. Yet histological and physiological changes have been documented between gravid and non-gravid uteri in certain monovular marsupials and between pregnant and non-pregnant animals in polyovular marsupials. Early pregnancy factor (EPF), a 10.8-kDa serum protein known to be homologous to chaperonin 10, is associated with maternal immunosuppression, embryonic development and pregnancy in eutherian mammals. It has been reported in two Australian marsupials: the dasyurid Sminthopsis macroura and the phalangerid Trichosurus vulpecula. This paper documents its occurrence in the New World didelphid Monodelphis domestica. EPF is detectable by rosette inhibition assay in the peripheral circulation of pregnant but not of non-pregnant or pseudopregnant animals. Our work focuses on the embryo–maternal signalling role of EPF during pregnancy. Because progesterone-driven changes are similar in pregnant and non-pregnant marsupials, these animals are an excellent laboratory model in which to investigate the role of EPF in orchestrating the physiological changes necessary to sustain pregnancy.

SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE IN THE COW DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE, PREGNANCY, AT PARTURITION, AND POST-PARTUM

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Estrous Behavior

The progesterone concentration in peripheral plasma has been measured sequentially in individual cows during the estrous cycle, gestation, at parturition, and post-partum. During the estrous cycle the concentration was lowest just before, during, and just after estrus when the level (0.1–0.4 ng/ml) was similar to that found in three ovariectomized cows. The concentration commenced to rise on the 4th–6th day (day of estrus = 1st day), reached a peak of 3–6 ng/ml on the 11th–13th day, and dropped rapidly over a 24–48-hr period to a basal value 24–72 hr before the next estrus. In early pregnancy, the plasma progesterone concentration was similar to the maximum levels found during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Between 90 and 150 days there was an indication of a decline to a relatively low plasma progesterone concentration followed by a variable rise. Prior to parturition, there was a gradual decline over a period of 35–70 days reaching a level of <2.0 ng/ml the day before parturition. Following parturition, the level remained at <0.5 ng/ml until the first sign of the resumption of cyclic activity. The time for this to occur was very variable (20–>60 days). Although not conclusive, the evidence favors the view that for estrous behavior to occur, estrus must be preceded by luteal activity. The discharge of mucus can occur without previous luteal activity.

Studies on plasma progesterone concentrations and fertility in Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Holness ◽  
G. W. Sprowson ◽  
Carole Sheward ◽  
Amanda Geel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Embryo Loss

SUMMARYPlasma progesterone concentrations were monitored in 69 lactating Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period. Cyclic ovarian activity resumed in most cows within 40 days of calving. Forty-eight per cent of cows remained pregnant to their first insemination, 41% returned to oestrus before day 30 after insemination, and a further 11% returned to oestrus between days 30 and 88 after insemination.The mean of progesterone values on days 11 to 4 before insemination tended to be higher in cows that conceived than in cows that did not conceive. These differences were signficant on day –8 (P <0·05) and on days –8, –7, –6 and –5 combined (P <0·01). Cows in which the concentration of progesterone in plasma did not rise above 4·5 ng/ml during this period did not conceive. After insemination, mean progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cows diverged after day +8. Relatively low concentrations of plasma progesterone (< 1 ng/ml) up to day +8 after insemination did not preclude conception. There was no indication that embryo loss between days +30 and +88 after insemination was related to an insufficiency of ovarian progesterone during early pregnancy.

Plasma progesterone concentrations during early pregnancy in spring- and autumn-bred ewes

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. deNicolo ◽  
T.J. Parkinson ◽  
P.R. Kenyon ◽  
P.C.H. Morel ◽  
S.T. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Progesterone

Patterns of conceptus development and of progesterone concentrations in maternal blood preceding spontaneous early pregnancy failure in mares

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J. Betteridge ◽  
James I. Raeside ◽  
Rudolf O. Waelchli ◽  
Heather L. Christie ◽  
M. Anthony Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Early Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Simultaneous Loss

Sixteen cases of spontaneous pregnancy loss (11 of singletons and five of pairs of twins) are described. The losses occurred between gestation Days 13 and 25 in 12 mares being monitored almost daily by transrectal ultrasonography (for measurement of conceptus growth) and blood sampling (for determination of maternal plasma progesterone concentrations as evidence of luteolysis) in experimental studies of early pregnancy. In 10 of the 16 cases the uterus was flushed and eight conceptuses were recovered for morphological assessment. Five of the 11 losses of singletons occurred before Day 16 and, with one exception, were preceded or accompanied by luteolysis. The remaining six singleton pregnancies failed after Day 16, with two cases evidencing luteolysis beforehand. Thus, overall, 6/11 singleton losses were associated with luteolysis while 5/11 were not. The five cases of simultaneous loss or degeneration of twin conceptuses all occurred on Day 19 or 20, preceded by luteolysis in only one case. These observations suggest that while the causes of spontaneous early pregnancy failure are multifactorial, luteolysis might contribute to the problem more often than has been previously contended.

Plasma progesterone levels in the pregnant and non-pregnant tammar, Macropus eugenii

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hinds ◽  
C. H. Tyndale-Biscoe
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Basal Concentration

The plasma progesterone concentrations were measured in one group of tammars undergoing non-delayed oestrous cycles and pregnancy, and in another group undergoing pregnant and non-pregnant cycles which had been inhibited by lactation and initiated by removal of the pouch young. The basal concentrations of progesterone during lactation and for the first 5 days of the cycle were less than 200 pg/ml. In all animals there was a transient peak of about 450 pg/ml lasting 1–2 days, on days 5–8, and this was followed by a return to the basal concentrations. From day 10 the concentration rose and remained at 500 pg/ml until the day of parturition and/or oestrus when it again returned to the basal concentration. There was no difference in pattern of the early peak associated with pregnancy but the peak concentration in the delayed pregnant cycles was just significantly higher than in the non-pregnant cycles of the same animals. These data do not support the hypothesis for the maternal recognition of early pregnancy in the tammar.

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