scholarly journals Islet transplantation reverses the effects of maternal diabetes on mouse oocytes

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan-Pan Cheng ◽  
Jun-Jie Xia ◽  
Hai-Long Wang ◽  
Ji-Bing Chen ◽  
Fei-Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Islet Transplantation ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Parthenogenetic Activation

Maternal diabetes adversely affects preimplantation embryo development and oocyte maturation. Thus, it is important to identify ways to eliminate the effects of maternal diabetes on preimplantation embryos and oocytes. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether islet transplantation could reverse the effects of diabetes on oocytes. Our results revealed that maternal diabetes induced decreased ovulation; increased the frequency of meiotic spindle defects, chromosome misalignment, and aneuploidy; increased the relative expression levels of Mad2 and Bub1; and enhanced the sensitivity of oocytes to parthenogenetic activation. Islet transplantation prevented these detrimental effects. Therefore, we concluded that islet transplantation could reverse the effects of diabetes on oocytes, and that this technique may be useful to treat the fundamental reproductive problems of women with diabetes mellitus.

Hemoglobin: potential roles in the oocyte and early embryo†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Lim ◽  
Hannah M Brown ◽  
Karen L Kind ◽  
Jeremy G Thompson ◽  
Kylie R Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

Abstract Hemoglobin (Hb) is commonly known for its capacity to bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythroid cells. However, it plays additional roles in cellular function and health due to its capacity to bind other gases including nitric oxide. Further, Hb acts as a potent antioxidant, quenching reactive oxygen species. Despite its potential roles in cellular function, the preponderance of Hb research remains focused on its role in oxygen regulation. There is increasing evidence that Hb expression is more ubiquitous than previously thought, with Hb and its variants found in a myriad of cell types ranging from macrophages to spermatozoa. The majority of nonerythroid cell types that express Hb are situated within hypoxic environments, suggesting Hb may play a role in hypoxia-inducible factor-regulated gene expression by controlling the level of oxygen available or as an adaptation to low oxygen providing a mechanism to store oxygen. Oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development occur within the low oxygen environments of the antral follicle and oviduct/uterus, respectively. Interestingly, Hb was recently found in human cumulus and granulosa cells and murine cumulus–oocyte complexes and preimplantation embryos. Here, we consolidate and analyze the research generated todate on Hb expression in nonerythroid cells with a particular focus on reproductive cell types. We outline future directions of this research to elucidate the role of Hb during oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development and finally, we explore the potential clinical applications and benefits of Hb supplementation during the in vitro culture of gametes and embryos.

scholarly journals X-Linked Huwe1 Is Essential for Oocyte Maturation and Preimplantation Embryo Development

iScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 101523
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Eisa ◽  
Scott Bang ◽  
Katherine J. Crawford ◽  
Emily M. Murphy ◽  
William W. Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development

scholarly journals Inhibition of DRP1 Impedes Zygotic Genome Activation and Preimplantation Development in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Ning-Hua Mei ◽  
Gui-Ping Cheng ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Li-Quan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Zygotic Genome Activation ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Embryo Stage ◽  
Genome Activation ◽  
Zygotic Genome

Mitochondrion plays an indispensable role during preimplantation embryo development. Dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1) is critical for mitochondrial fission and controls oocyte maturation. However, its role in preimplantation embryo development is still lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of DRP1 activity by mitochondrial division inhibitor-1, a small molecule reported to specifically inhibit DRP1 activity, can cause severe developmental arrest of preimplantation embryos in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Meanwhile, DRP1 inhibition resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction including decreased mitochondrial activity, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced mitochondrial copy number and inadequate ATP by disrupting both expression and activity of DRP1 and mitochondrial complex assembly, leading to excessive ROS production, severe DNA damage and cell cycle arrest at 2-cell embryo stage. Furthermore, reduced transcriptional and translational activity and altered histone modifications in DRP1-inhibited embryos contributed to impeded zygotic genome activation, which prevented early embryos from efficient development beyond 2-cell embryo stage. These results show that DRP1 inhibition has potential cytotoxic effects on mammalian reproduction, and DRP1 inhibitor should be used with caution when it is applied to treat diseases. Additionally, this study improves our understanding of the crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolism and zygotic genome activation.

scholarly journals Leptin and ObRa/MEK signalling in mouse oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Ye ◽  
Kazuhiro Kawamura ◽  
Mitsue Sasaki ◽  
Nanami Kawamura ◽  
Peter Groenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development

scholarly journals Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in mammalian preimplantation embryo development

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
External Information ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

The development of the preimplantation mammalian embryo is an autopoietic process; once initiated development proceeds without an absolute requirement for external information or growth cues. This developmental autonomy is partly explained by the generation of autocrine trophic ligands that are released and act back on the embryo via specific receptors. Several embryotrophic ligands cause receptor-dependent activation of 1-o-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. This enzyme phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to form phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. Genetic or pharmacological ablation of this enzyme activity disrupts normal development of preimplantation embryos. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate is a membrane lipid that acts as a docking site for a wide range of proteins possessing the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Such proteins are important regulators of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase is an important PH domain protein and its activity is required for normal preimplantation embryo development and survival. The activity of a range of PH domain proteins is also implicated in the normal development of the embryo. This review critically examines the evidence for the activation of 1-o-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the generation of pleiotypic trophic response to embryotrophins in the autopoietic development of the preimplantation embryo.

scholarly journals Intracellular oxygen metabolism during bovine oocyte and preimplantation embryo development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. McKeegan ◽  
Selina F. Boardman ◽  
Amy A. Wanless ◽  
Grace Boyd ◽  
Laura J. Warwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development

AbstractWe report a novel method to profile intrcellular oxygen concentration (icO2) during in vitro mammalian oocyte and preimplantation embryo development using a commercially available multimodal phosphorescent nanosensor (MM2). Abattoir-derived bovine oocytes and embryos were incubated with MM2 in vitro. A series of inhibitors were applied during live-cell multiphoton imaging to record changes in icO2 associated with mitochondrial processes. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) uncouples mitochondrial oxygen consumption to its maximum, while antimycin inhibits complex III to ablate mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Increasing oxygen consumption was expected to reduce icO2 and decreasing oxygen consumption to increase icO2. Use of these inhibitors quantifies how much oxygen is consumed at basal in comparison to the upper and lower limits of mitochondrial function. icO2 measurements were compared to mitochondrial DNA copy number analysed by qPCR. Antimycin treatment increased icO2 for all stages tested, suggesting significant mitochondrial oxygen consumption at basal. icO2 of oocytes and preimplantation embryos were unaffected by FCCP treatment. Inner cell mass icO2 was lower than trophectoderm, perhaps reflecting limitations of diffusion. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were similar between stages in the range 0.9–4 × 106 copies and did not correlate with icO2. These results validate the MM2 probe as a sensitive, non-toxic probe of intracellular oxygen concentration in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos.

Protein deubiquitination during oocyte maturation influences sperm function during fertilisation, antipolyspermy defense and embryo development

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Joo Yi ◽  
Miriam Sutovsky ◽  
Won-Hee Song ◽  
Peter Sutovsky
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Cortical Granule ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Porcine Oocyte

Ubiquitination is a covalent post-translational modification of proteins by the chaperone protein ubiquitin. Upon docking to the 26S proteasome, ubiquitin is released from the substrate protein by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). We hypothesised that specific inhibitors of two closely related oocyte DUBs, namely inhibitors of the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCH) UCHL1 (L1 inhibitor) and UCHL3 (L3 inhibitor), would alter porcine oocyte maturation and influence sperm function and embryo development. Aberrant cortical granule (CG) migration and meiotic spindle defects were observed in oocytes matured with the L1 or L3 inhibitor. Embryo development was delayed or blocked in oocytes matured with the general DUB inhibitor PR-619. Aggresomes, the cellular stress-inducible aggregates of ubiquitinated proteins, formed in oocytes matured with L1 inhibitor or PR-619, a likely consequence of impaired protein turnover. Proteomic analysis identified the major vault protein (MVP) as the most prominent protein accumulated in oocytes matured with PR-619, suggesting that the inhibition of deubiquitination altered the turnover of MVP. The mitophagy/autophagy of sperm-contributed mitochondria inside the fertilised oocytes was hindered by DUB inhibitors. It is concluded that DUB inhibitors alter porcine oocyte maturation, fertilisation and preimplantation embryo development. By regulating the turnover of oocyte proteins and mono-ubiquitin regeneration, the DUBs may promote the acquisition of developmental competence during oocyte maturation.

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