Accessory corpus luteum regression during pregnancy II: reproductive outcomes

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-495
Author(s):  
Pedro L J Monteiro ◽  
Caio A Gamarra ◽  
Rodrigo S Genari ◽  
Alexandre B Prata ◽  
Rafael V Barletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
To Receive ◽  
In Pregnancy

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of accessory corpus luteum (CL) induction on fertility in dairy cows. On day 5 after artificial insemination (AI), lactating Holstein cows were assigned unequally to receive gonadotrophin-releasing hormone treatment (GnRH) (n = 641) or no treatment (control; n  = 289). Cows had their blood sampled for progesterone (P4), and ovaries were scanned by ultrasound on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 47, and 61 after AI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 26, 33, 47, and 61. On day 12, cows treated with GnRH were allocated to ipsilateral (n = 239) or contralateral (n = 241) groups based on the side of accessory CL formation relative to previous ovulation. Accessory CL cows had greater P4 than controls. In total, 52.7% (78/148) of pregnant cows in contralateral group had accessory CL regression earlier (<day 33; 30.8%) or later (days 33–61; 69.2%) in pregnancy with coincident decrease in P4. No cows with ipsilateral accessory CL underwent regression. There was no difference in pregnancy/AI among groups. Cows with contralateral accessory CL that underwent early regression had greater pregnancy loss (30%) than controls (10%), or cows with ipsilateral CL (3%) or contralateral CL with either later or no regression (12%). Cows with ipsilateral accessory CL had lower pregnancy loss than controls. In conclusion, elevating circulating P4 by the induction of accessory CL, particularly ipsilateral CL, increases P4 and reduces pregnancy loss. However, contralateral accessory CL that undergoes regression before day 33 of pregnancy has increased pregnancy loss, possibly due to an abrupt decrease in P4 at a pivotal period of pregnancy (days 26–33).

scholarly journals 141 Effect of induction of an ipsilateral vs. contralateral accessory corpus luteum (CL) on pregnancy per AI and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Pedro L J Monteiro ◽  
Caio A Gamarra ◽  
Rodrigo S Genari ◽  
Alexandre B Prata ◽  
Rafael V Barletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vesicle Size ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Induction of accessory CL can increase circulating progesterone (P4) and potentially improve fertility; although, regression of accessory CL contralateral to the pregnancy can occur, potentially negating their benefit. In this study, primiparous (n = 377) and multiparous (n = 678) lactating Holstein cows (80.0 ± 3.3DIM, 43.2 ± 13.3 kg milk/d, and BCS = 2.85 ± 0.24) were enrolled in Presynch-Ovsynch (PGF-14d-PGF-12d-GnRH-7d-PGF-56h-GnRH-16h-AI) with AI at 81 ± 3 DIM. On d5 after AI, cows were randomly but unequally assigned as Control (n = 289) or GnRH (n = 641; 100 µg gonadorelin acetate). Blood samples were collected for P4 and ovaries evaluated by ultrasound on d5, d12, d19, d26, d33, d47, and d61. mRNA for ISGs (d19) and PSPB (d26) concentrations were evaluated and pregnancy diagnoses were done on d26, d33, d47 (also embryonic measurements), and d61. Statistical analyses were performed with PROC GLIMMIX of SAS 9.4. Ovulation to GnRH on d5 was 85.4% (577/676). Cows were designated as: Control (n = 289), Ipsilateral (n = 239), or Contralateral (n = 241). Overall P4 differed (P &lt; 0.01) within groups (Control = 7.90 ± 0.35c, Ipsilateral = 10.5 ± 0.34a, and Contralateral = 9.55 ± 0.26a). Interestingly, 52.7% (78/148) of contralateral pregnant cows had accessory CL regression by d61 with decreases in P4 after contralateral CL regression (P &lt; 0.001). There were no treatment differences for pregnant cows in ISG15 (P = 0.63) or Mx2 (P = 0.51) mRNA, circulating PSPB (P = 0.56), amniotic vesicle size (P = 0.89), or crown-rump length (P = 0.19) or in pregnancy/AI on d26 (P = 0.24), d33 (P = 0.67), d47 (P = 0.53), or d61 (P = 0.62; overall 50.3% [387/769]). Nevertheless, pregnancy losses between d26 and d61 were lower (P = 0.03) for ipsilateral (6.6 ± 2.3%) than contralateral (14.0 ± 3.0%) and from controls (P = 0.065; 13.7 ± 2.9%) With differences also from d26-33 (Control = 7.5 ± 2.1; Ipsilateral = 3.1 ± 1.5; Contralateral = 9.6 ± 2.5). Within contralateral group, early accessory CL regression was associated with greater pregnancy loss from d26-33 (P = 0.04) and d26-61 (P = 0.01). Thus, induction of accessory CL increases P4 and may reduce pregnancy loss, although these advantages are reduced for contralateral accessory CL, because many of these CL regress during pregnancy.

Accessory CL regression during pregnancy I: Timing, physiology, and P4 profiles

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. J. Monteiro ◽  
Roberto Sartori ◽  
Aurea M O Canavessi ◽  
Leonardo F. Melo ◽  
Jessica C. L. Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In Pregnancy

Inappropriate corpus luteum (CL) regression can produce pregnancy loss. An experimental model was utilized to investigate regression of accessory CL during pregnancy in dairy cows. Cows were bred (Day 0) and treated with GnRH 6 d later to form accessory CL. Transrectal ultrasound (every other d) and blood samples for progesterone (P4; daily) were performed until Day 56 of pregnancy. On Day 28, 13 cows were confirmed pregnant, and accessory CL were found contralateral (n=9) or ipsilateral (n=4) to previous ovulation. On Day 18, CL biopsy was performed to analyze mRNA expression for interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Luteolysis occurred more frequently in cows that had contralateral accessory CL [88.9% (8/9)] than cows with ipsilateral accessory CL [0% (0/4)]. Luteolysis of contralateral accessory CL occurred either earlier (Day 19-23; 2/8) or later (Day 48-53; 6/8) in pregnancy and occurred rapidly (24 h), based on daily P4. After onset of earlier or later accessory CL regression, circulating P4 decreased 41.2%. There was no difference in luteal tissue mRNA expression for ISGs on Day 19 between accessory and original CL and between CL that subsequently regressed or did not regress. On Day 56, an oxytocin challenge dramatically increased PGFM in all cows but produced no pregnancy losses, although cows with previous accessory CL regression had greater PGFM. In summary, ipsilateral accessory CL did not regress during pregnancy, whereas most contralateral CL regressed by 63 d of pregnancy, providing evidence for local mechanisms in regression of accessory CL and protection of CL of pregnancy.

Emerging Trends in Pregnancy-Loss Memorialization in American Catholicism

Horizons ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-398
Author(s):  
Maureen L. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
American Catholicism ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Catholic Organizations ◽  
To Receive ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, and abortion) is an age-old, and typically hidden, part of women's lives, yet only in recent years has it started to receive recognition to match its prevalence. Based on ethnographic research, this article analyzes liturgical and memorial practices developing within American Catholicism to acknowledge and commemorate pregnancy losses. Growing efforts have emerged as parishes, dioceses, and other Catholic organizations across the country have developed rites and memorials that provide formal ways to attend to grief that often accompanies experiences of miscarriage, stillbirth, and abortion. The memorials range from “miscarriage masses” to public monuments to postabortion ministry retreats. This article argues that these memorial practices seek to change how pregnancy-loss experiences are understood or “known” by ritual participants by reframing them within Catholic narratives of forgiveness and healing, thereby transforming situations of isolating loss into stories of grace, community, and shared sorrow.

scholarly journals Evaluation of synchronization protocols and methods of early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Shahzad ◽  
A. Sattar ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
I. Ahmad ◽  
M.S. Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
In Pregnancy

The studies aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rate (PR) for timed artificial insemination (TAI) after G7G-Ovsynch, modified G7G-Ovsynch (MG7G-Ovsynch) and Ovsynch protocols and to assess the accuracy of using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and plasma progesterone (P4) in pregnancy diagnosis compared with ultrasonography (US). In study 1, Holstein cows (n = 37) were bred by TAI following the G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 19) or MG7G-Ovsynch (n = 18). Pregnancy was evaluated by US at days 31, 59, and 87 after breeding. The PR was not different for the G7G-Ovsynch and MG7G-Ovsynch. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 3 after insemination and then weekly through day 59 post TAI in cows diagnosed as not pregnant on day 31 and through day 87 in pregnant cows. PAGs were measured using ELISA and P4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the second study, Holstein cows (n = 212) were bred by TAI following G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 110) or standard Ovsynch (n = 102). Cows were subjected to pregnancy diagnosis on days 30, 60, and 90. A subset (n = 15 in each group) was subjected to blood and milk samples on days 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 to measure PAGs and P4. In study 2, PR was not significantly different between synchronization protocols on days 30, 60, and 90. Pregnancy loss averaged 15% between day 30 and day 90. The use of PAGs and P4 proved equally effective in diagnosis of pregnancy. Thus, G7G-Ovsynch was deemed the protocol of choice in postpartum cows, and PAGs assayed in milk or plasma could be used to diagnose pregnancy.

scholarly journals The ovulatory response to human chorionic gonadotropin administration on day 4 post timed artificial insemination improved fertility in repeat breeder cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu ◽  
Ahmet Gumen ◽  
Ebru Karakaya-Bilen ◽  
Abdulkadir Keskin ◽  
Baris Guner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Repeat Breeder

This study focused on determining the success of inducing endogenous progesterone source (by formation of accessory corpus luteum) by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on day 4 post timed artificial insemination (TAI) and on evaluating the effect of the day of hCG administration (day 4 or 5 post TAI) on pregnancy rates in repeat breeder cows according to their responses to hCG administrations. Non-pregnant cyclic lactating Holstein dairy cows with more than three services despite no clinical reproductive abnormalities were enrolled in the study. All cows (n = 192) received the Ovsynch protocol (GnRH-7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-16/18h-TAI) and hCG administration (1500 IU, i.m.) was performed in group hCG4 (n = 64) on day 4 and in group hCG5 (n = 68) on day 5 post TAI. The control group (CON, n = 60) did not receive any hCG treatment. The responses (ovulation rate) to hCG (~64%) were similar on days 4 and 5 post TAI. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) at 31 days was similar among the groups (48.3% in CON, 48.4% in hCG4, and 42.6% in hCG5). Regardless of the day of the treatment (hCG4 + hCG5), the cows had an ovulatory response to hCG (54.1%), and a greater P/AI (P = 0.007) at 31 days than those without a response (29.8%). The administration of hCG on either day 4 or 5 post TAI did not increase overall pregnancy rates, however, the ovulatory response to the post TAI hCG administration on day 4 improved fertility in repeat breeder cows. Further studies are needed with a larger number of animals to reveal this potentiallly beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Effect of Buserelin on corpus luteum activity and the fertility of dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. SARATSIS (Φ. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗΣ) ◽  
B. SCHMIDT-ADAMOPOULOU (Β. SCHMIDT-ΑΔΑΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
P. YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ) ◽  
Ch. BROZOS (Χ. ΜΠΡΟΖΟΣ) ◽  
A. DEMERTZIS (Α. ΔΕΜΕΡΤΖΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

112 selected Friesian dairy cows that had calved at least once, were used. The animals were divided into two groups, A (n = 55) and Β (n=57). On the 12th day post insemination (p.i.) 12 μg buserelin (3ml Receptal - Hoechst) and 3 ml normal saline (placebo) were injected intramuscularly to the animals of groups A and Β (controls), respectively. Milk progesterone concentration was measured in even animal from the day of insemination until the 24th day p.i.. A significant increase (P<0.05) in pregnancy rate (19.7%) was observed in the animals of group A. Also, the concentration of progesterone in the pregnant animals (14th - 24th day p.i.) as well as in the non pregnant (14th - 16th day p.i.) ones in group A was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to that of the controls'. The duration of the estrous cycle of the non pregnant animals did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the two groups. It is concluded that buserelin administration on the 12th day p.i. improved the fertility of dairy cows significantly by means of an antiluteolytic effect, through an increase in progesterone concentration, during the crucial period of maternal recognition of pregnancy.

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