Effect of Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols on the Pregnancy Rate Per Insemination and Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cows and Korean Native Cattle under Heat Stress

This study compared pregnancy rates following 2 timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols using PGF2α + oestradiol or PGF2α + oestradiol + GnRH in dairy cows. Four hundred fifty-five Holstein dairy cows, 2.2 ± 0.1 in parity, 148.3 ± 3.6 days in milk, with corpus luteum of greater than 20 mm diameter confirmed by ultrasonography (Tringa Linear with 5.0 MHz array transducer; Esaote Pie Medical, Maastricht, the Netherlands) were randomly divided into two treatments: an injection of 500 μg of cloprostenol, PGF2α analogue (Iliren cycle BP®, Intervet International GmbH, Unterschleissheim, Germany) and an injection of 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB, SY Esrone, Samyang, Seoul, Korea) 36 h later (PGF2α + EB group, n = 257), or an injection of 500 μg of cloprostenol, an injection of 2 mg of EB 36 h later and an additional injection of 100 μg of gonadorelin, GnRH analogue (Godorel, Uni-Biotech Co., Ltd., Korea) 24 h later (PGF2α + EB + GnRH group, n = 198). All cows in the two groups received TAI 24 h after the EB injection. Pregnancy was determined at 40 to 50 days after TAI by using both ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Pregnancy rates between the PGF2α + EB and PGF2α + EB + GnRH groups were compared by the chi-square test using the SAS program (version 9.1: SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Pregnancy rate following TAI did not differ between the PGF2α + EB (32.7%) and PGF2α + EB + GnRH groups (34.9%; P > 0.05). In conclusion, addition of GnRH for TAI protocol using PGF2α + oestradiol did not improve pregnancy rate in dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of synchronization protocols and methods of early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i6.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

Author(s):

A.H. Shahzad ◽

A. Sattar ◽

N. Ahmad ◽

I. Ahmad ◽

M.S. Yousaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination ◽

In Pregnancy

The studies aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rate (PR) for timed artificial insemination (TAI) after G7G-Ovsynch, modified G7G-Ovsynch (MG7G-Ovsynch) and Ovsynch protocols and to assess the accuracy of using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and plasma progesterone (P4) in pregnancy diagnosis compared with ultrasonography (US). In study 1, Holstein cows (n = 37) were bred by TAI following the G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 19) or MG7G-Ovsynch (n = 18). Pregnancy was evaluated by US at days 31, 59, and 87 after breeding. The PR was not different for the G7G-Ovsynch and MG7G-Ovsynch. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 3 after insemination and then weekly through day 59 post TAI in cows diagnosed as not pregnant on day 31 and through day 87 in pregnant cows. PAGs were measured using ELISA and P4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the second study, Holstein cows (n = 212) were bred by TAI following G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 110) or standard Ovsynch (n = 102). Cows were subjected to pregnancy diagnosis on days 30, 60, and 90. A subset (n = 15 in each group) was subjected to blood and milk samples on days 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 to measure PAGs and P4. In study 2, PR was not significantly different between synchronization protocols on days 30, 60, and 90. Pregnancy loss averaged 15% between day 30 and day 90. The use of PAGs and P4 proved equally effective in diagnosis of pregnancy. Thus, G7G-Ovsynch was deemed the protocol of choice in postpartum cows, and PAGs assayed in milk or plasma could be used to diagnose pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Pregnancy Rate after Timed Artificial Insemination in Early Post-partum Dairy Cows after Ovsynch or Specific Synchronization Protocols

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00594.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

F. Lopez-Gatius ◽

K. Murugavel ◽

P. Santolaria ◽

M. Lopez-Bejar ◽

J. L. Yaniz

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Post Partum ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination

Download Full-text

Pregnancy rates and peripheral progesterone levels following Ovsynch or CIDR ovulation synchronization/timed artificial insemination protocols in postpartum dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas07150 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 457-461

Author(s):

M. Aali ◽

T. Pretheeban ◽

G. Giritharan ◽

R. Rajamahendran

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Key Words ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Key Words Pregnancy ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination ◽

Rectal Palpation

Peripheral progesterone (P4) concentrations as well as pregnancy rates (PR) between cows treated with Ovsynch or CIDR ovulation synchronization/TAI protocols were compared. Two hundred and twenty-seven postpartum lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to Ovsynch (n = 111) or CIDR (n = 116) ovulation synchronization/TAI protocols. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at day 35 after TAI and later confirmed by rectal palpation at day 60 post TAI. Milk samples were taken from the beginning of treatment (day -10) until day 35 after TAI (day 0) for P4 determination. Pregnancy rates for Ovsynch and CIDR groups of cows were 31 and 41%, respectively. The PR of ovulation synchronized cows for Ovsynch and CIDR groups were 49 and 69%, respectively. Progesterone levels during the sampling period were similar (P > 0.05) between Ovsynch and CIDR treated cows. Key words: Pregnancy rate, progesterone, Ovsynch, CIDR, cows

Download Full-text

Pregnancy per artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows of a single herd following timed artificial insemination or insemination at detected estrus

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas-2014-122 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Thangavelu ◽

M. Gobikrushanth ◽

M. G. Colazo ◽

D. J. Ambrose

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination

Thangavelu, G., Gobikrushanth, M., Colazo, M. G. and Ambrose, D. J. 2015. Pregnancy per artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows of a single herd following timed artificial insemination or insemination at detected estrus. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 383–388. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the factors affecting pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cattle. Breeding records (n=1466) for 5 consecutive years were evaluated from one dairy herd. The effects of type of breeding [timed artificial insemination (TAI; n=1246) vs. insemination at detected estrus (IDE; n=220)], parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), body condition score (BCS; low ≤2.5 vs. high >2.5), year, season (summer vs. other seasons) and fertility group (high fertile <3 vs. low fertile ≥3 inseminations), on P/AI and pregnancy loss (i.e., late embryonic/early fetal loss, abortion and stillbirth) were determined using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS software. Pregnancy per AI was influenced by type of breeding and season. Pregnancy per AI was lower (P<0.05) in cows that were TAI (28.7%) than IDE (37.1%) and during summer (30.3%) than other seasons of the year (35.5%). Pregnancy loss was higher (P<0.05) in low BCS (9.1%) than in high BCS (1.9%) cows. However, parity, year, and fertility group affected neither P/AI nor pregnancy loss.

Download Full-text

8 EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH ESTRADIOL OR ESTRADIOL PLUS GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AFTER PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ADMINISTRATION ON THE PREGNANCY RATES FOLLOWING TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN DAIRY COWS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv24n1ab8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

J. K. Jeong ◽

H. G. Kang ◽

I. H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Animal Health ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Gnrh Analogue ◽

Chi Square ◽

Array Transducer ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination

This study determined the effect of supplementation with oestradiol or oestradiol plus GnRH after PGF2α administration on pregnancy rates after timed artificial insemination (TAI) in dairy cows. Three hundred and six Holstein dairy cows with corpus luteum confirmed by ultrasonography (Tringa Linear with 5.0 MHz array transducer; Esaote Pie Medical, Maastricht, the Netherlands) were randomly allocated to three treatments: a single injection of 500 μg of cloprostenol, PGF2α analogue (Estrumate, Schering-Plough Animal Health, Friesoythe, Germany; PGF2α group, n = 115) designated as 0 h, an injection of 500 μg of cloprostenol and an injection of 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB, SY Esrone; Samyang, Seoul, Korea) 56 h later (PGF2α + EB group, n = 114), or the same treatment as in the PGF2α + EB group and an additional injection of 100 μg of gonadorelin, GnRH analogue (Godorel, Uni-Biotech Co., Ltd., Korea) 24 h later (PGF2α + EB + GnRH group, n = 77). All cows in each group received TAI 80 h after the PGF2α injection. Pregnancy was determined at 40 to 50 days after TAI by using both ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Pregnancy rate among groups were compared by the chi-square test using the SAS program (version 9.1: SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Pregnancy rate following TAI were higher (P < 0.05) in the PGF2α + EB + GnRH group (34/77, 44.2%) than in the PGF2α group (31/115, 27.0%), with the PGF2α + EB group intermediate (39/114, 34.2%). In conclusion, the supplementation with oestradiol plus GnRH after PGF2α administration improved pregnancy rate after TAI in dairy cows. This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2011.

Download Full-text

Effects of presynchronization and postinsemination treatments on pregnancy rates to a timed breeding Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows and heifers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas09046 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M B Gordon ◽

N Dinn ◽

R Rajamahendran

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination ◽

To Receive

This study examined two strategies to improve pregnancy rate (PR) following Ovsynch timed artificial insemination (TAI) for lactating dairy cows (n = 225) and nulliparous heifers (n = 87). Animals were assigned randomly to receive one of three treatments: Ovsynch protocol (GnRH 7 d before and 48 h after one PGF2α treatment), Presynch + Ovsynch (two treatments of PGF2α 14 d apart followed by Ovsynch 14 d later), or Ovsynch + Post-AI GnRH (GnRH 6 d after Ovsynch TAI) for first service breeding. Pregnancy rates among treatments were not different in lactating cows (42.5, 48.0, and 44.9%) or heifers (65.5, 58.6, and 58.6%) for Ovsynch, Presynch + Ovsynch, and Ovsynch + Post-AI, respectively. Cows treated with Ovsynch had lower PR when bred < 76 d in milk (DIM) compared with Presynch + Ovsynch or Ovsynch + Post-AI treatments. In addition, cows and heifers that received Post-AI GnRH had greater progesterone (P4) concentrations on day 21 and day 28 post-TAI than the Ovsynch group. Animals with higher P4 concentrations at initiation of Ovsynch had better PR than those with low P4 concentrations. Presynch animals had a greater proportion of animals with P4 values above 1 ng mL-1 at the initiation of Ovsynch than those animals in the Ovsynch group (74.5 vs. 59.4%). Heifers had lower PR if they were <14.6 mo of age (48.9 vs. 75%) or weighed <380 kg (47.4 vs. 70.8%). Although no significance differences in PR were observed between treatments in cows or heifers, DIM in cows and age and weight in heifers affected PR.Key words: Ovsynch, presynchronization, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, dairy heifer, dairy cow, timed artificial insemination

Download Full-text

Effect of resynchronization with GnRH on day 21 after artificial insemination on pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows

Theriogenology ◽

10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00117-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (8) ◽

pp. 1389-1399 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ricardo C. Chebel ◽

José E.P. Santos ◽

Ronaldo L.A. Cerri ◽

Klibs N. Galvão ◽

Sérgio O. Juchem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

Download Full-text

Efficiency of mating, artificial insemination or resynchronisation at different times after first timed artificial insemination in postpartum Nellore cows to produce crossbred calves

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an17466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Walvonvitis Baes Rodrigues ◽

Jean do Prado Jara ◽

Juliana Correa Borges ◽

Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira ◽

Urbano Pinto Gomes de Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Device Removal ◽

Oestradiol Benzoate ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

The objective of this trial was to evaluate different post-timed artificial insemination (TAI) reproductive managements in postpartum beef cows to produce crossbred calves from artificial insemination (AI). Nellore cows (n = 607), with 45 days postpartum, were inseminated at a fixed time, using a protocol that included an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device along with oestradiol benzoate, prostaglandin, equine chorionic gonadotropin, and oestradiol cypionate, followed TAI 48 h post-device removal. Four post-TAI treatments were evaluated: in CONTROL (T1, n = 161), cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). In OBSERVATION (T2, n = 132), heat detection was performed for 15–25 days post-TAI, followed by AI. In RESYNC22 (T3, n = 157) and RESYNC30 (T4, n = 157), resynchronisation started after 22 or 30 days, following second TAI at Day 32 or 40 days after first TAI. In T2, T3 and T4, after the second AI, cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). The pregnancy rate (PR) for the first TAI did not differ (54.6%, 53.0%, 59.2%, and 51.6% for CONTROL, OBSERVATION, RESYNC 22, and RESYNC 30, respectively; P = 0.66), and no difference was observed for the second TAI (RESYNC 22 = 45.31% and RESYNC30 = 46.05%; P = 0.137), in the PR at the end of the breeding season (86.33%, 86.36%, 78.98%, and 81.52%, P = 0.43), or embryonic losses (4.54%, 2.85%, 6.45% and 7.40%, respectively; P = 0.61), but the percentage of crossbred pregnancy was higher in groups with resynchronisation (RESYNC22 and RESYNC30) than CONTROL and OBSERVATION (98.38%, 90.62%, 63.30%, 78.95%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, resynchronisation programs of 22 or 30 days are more efficient to produce AI products, and the final pregnancy rate is similar among the treatments, differing only in the amount of calves produced by AI.

Download Full-text