Accessory CL regression during pregnancy I: Timing, physiology, and P4 profiles

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. J. Monteiro ◽  
Roberto Sartori ◽  
Aurea M O Canavessi ◽  
Leonardo F. Melo ◽  
Jessica C. L. Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In Pregnancy

Inappropriate corpus luteum (CL) regression can produce pregnancy loss. An experimental model was utilized to investigate regression of accessory CL during pregnancy in dairy cows. Cows were bred (Day 0) and treated with GnRH 6 d later to form accessory CL. Transrectal ultrasound (every other d) and blood samples for progesterone (P4; daily) were performed until Day 56 of pregnancy. On Day 28, 13 cows were confirmed pregnant, and accessory CL were found contralateral (n=9) or ipsilateral (n=4) to previous ovulation. On Day 18, CL biopsy was performed to analyze mRNA expression for interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Luteolysis occurred more frequently in cows that had contralateral accessory CL [88.9% (8/9)] than cows with ipsilateral accessory CL [0% (0/4)]. Luteolysis of contralateral accessory CL occurred either earlier (Day 19-23; 2/8) or later (Day 48-53; 6/8) in pregnancy and occurred rapidly (24 h), based on daily P4. After onset of earlier or later accessory CL regression, circulating P4 decreased 41.2%. There was no difference in luteal tissue mRNA expression for ISGs on Day 19 between accessory and original CL and between CL that subsequently regressed or did not regress. On Day 56, an oxytocin challenge dramatically increased PGFM in all cows but produced no pregnancy losses, although cows with previous accessory CL regression had greater PGFM. In summary, ipsilateral accessory CL did not regress during pregnancy, whereas most contralateral CL regressed by 63 d of pregnancy, providing evidence for local mechanisms in regression of accessory CL and protection of CL of pregnancy.

scholarly journals 141 Effect of induction of an ipsilateral vs. contralateral accessory corpus luteum (CL) on pregnancy per AI and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Pedro L J Monteiro ◽  
Caio A Gamarra ◽  
Rodrigo S Genari ◽  
Alexandre B Prata ◽  
Rafael V Barletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vesicle Size ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Induction of accessory CL can increase circulating progesterone (P4) and potentially improve fertility; although, regression of accessory CL contralateral to the pregnancy can occur, potentially negating their benefit. In this study, primiparous (n = 377) and multiparous (n = 678) lactating Holstein cows (80.0 ± 3.3DIM, 43.2 ± 13.3 kg milk/d, and BCS = 2.85 ± 0.24) were enrolled in Presynch-Ovsynch (PGF-14d-PGF-12d-GnRH-7d-PGF-56h-GnRH-16h-AI) with AI at 81 ± 3 DIM. On d5 after AI, cows were randomly but unequally assigned as Control (n = 289) or GnRH (n = 641; 100 µg gonadorelin acetate). Blood samples were collected for P4 and ovaries evaluated by ultrasound on d5, d12, d19, d26, d33, d47, and d61. mRNA for ISGs (d19) and PSPB (d26) concentrations were evaluated and pregnancy diagnoses were done on d26, d33, d47 (also embryonic measurements), and d61. Statistical analyses were performed with PROC GLIMMIX of SAS 9.4. Ovulation to GnRH on d5 was 85.4% (577/676). Cows were designated as: Control (n = 289), Ipsilateral (n = 239), or Contralateral (n = 241). Overall P4 differed (P < 0.01) within groups (Control = 7.90 ± 0.35c, Ipsilateral = 10.5 ± 0.34a, and Contralateral = 9.55 ± 0.26a). Interestingly, 52.7% (78/148) of contralateral pregnant cows had accessory CL regression by d61 with decreases in P4 after contralateral CL regression (P < 0.001). There were no treatment differences for pregnant cows in ISG15 (P = 0.63) or Mx2 (P = 0.51) mRNA, circulating PSPB (P = 0.56), amniotic vesicle size (P = 0.89), or crown-rump length (P = 0.19) or in pregnancy/AI on d26 (P = 0.24), d33 (P = 0.67), d47 (P = 0.53), or d61 (P = 0.62; overall 50.3% [387/769]). Nevertheless, pregnancy losses between d26 and d61 were lower (P = 0.03) for ipsilateral (6.6 ± 2.3%) than contralateral (14.0 ± 3.0%) and from controls (P = 0.065; 13.7 ± 2.9%) With differences also from d26-33 (Control = 7.5 ± 2.1; Ipsilateral = 3.1 ± 1.5; Contralateral = 9.6 ± 2.5). Within contralateral group, early accessory CL regression was associated with greater pregnancy loss from d26-33 (P = 0.04) and d26-61 (P = 0.01). Thus, induction of accessory CL increases P4 and may reduce pregnancy loss, although these advantages are reduced for contralateral accessory CL, because many of these CL regress during pregnancy.

Accessory corpus luteum regression during pregnancy II: reproductive outcomes

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-495
Author(s):  
Pedro L J Monteiro ◽  
Caio A Gamarra ◽  
Rodrigo S Genari ◽  
Alexandre B Prata ◽  
Rafael V Barletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
To Receive ◽  
In Pregnancy

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of accessory corpus luteum (CL) induction on fertility in dairy cows. On day 5 after artificial insemination (AI), lactating Holstein cows were assigned unequally to receive gonadotrophin-releasing hormone treatment (GnRH) (n = 641) or no treatment (control; n  = 289). Cows had their blood sampled for progesterone (P4), and ovaries were scanned by ultrasound on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 47, and 61 after AI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 26, 33, 47, and 61. On day 12, cows treated with GnRH were allocated to ipsilateral (n = 239) or contralateral (n = 241) groups based on the side of accessory CL formation relative to previous ovulation. Accessory CL cows had greater P4 than controls. In total, 52.7% (78/148) of pregnant cows in contralateral group had accessory CL regression earlier (<day 33; 30.8%) or later (days 33–61; 69.2%) in pregnancy with coincident decrease in P4. No cows with ipsilateral accessory CL underwent regression. There was no difference in pregnancy/AI among groups. Cows with contralateral accessory CL that underwent early regression had greater pregnancy loss (30%) than controls (10%), or cows with ipsilateral CL (3%) or contralateral CL with either later or no regression (12%). Cows with ipsilateral accessory CL had lower pregnancy loss than controls. In conclusion, elevating circulating P4 by the induction of accessory CL, particularly ipsilateral CL, increases P4 and reduces pregnancy loss. However, contralateral accessory CL that undergoes regression before day 33 of pregnancy has increased pregnancy loss, possibly due to an abrupt decrease in P4 at a pivotal period of pregnancy (days 26–33).

GESTOGENS IN CORPUS LUTEUM OF CATTLE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kristoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT By means of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods progesterone and a substance closely similar to 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one has been detected in luteal tissue from non-pregnant and pregnant cows. In 21 animals quantitative measurements based on a method giving an average net recovery of 56 per cent showed that in pregnancy the average progesterone content in the corpus luteum reached a maximum in the third to fifth month, with low values before and after this period. For 6 nonpregnant cows, the average value was 20.2 μg/g tissue, which is considerably higher than previous values reported in the literature. The relation between these findings and the bovine dependence on a functional corpus luteum in pregnancy is discussed, and it is pointed out that more information about the metabolism of progesterone in cattle is highly desirable.

scholarly journals Corpus luteum development and its morphology after aspiration of a preovulatory follicle is related to size and steroid content of the follicle in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vernunft ◽  
JM Weitzel ◽  
T. Viergutz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Follicle Aspiration

Secretion of adequate levels of progesterone from a proper corpus luteum (CL), which develops out of the cells of a healthy preovulatory follicle, is a key-factor for establishment of a pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between morphological and secretory characteristics of preovulatory follicles and their corresponding corpus luteum with regard to the post-partum period in high-yielding dairy cows. Therefore, ultrasound-guided aspirations of preovulatory follicles were performed repeatedly, using 20 first lactating cows between 26 and 121 days after parturition. Heat was induced with a PGF analogon followed by administration of a GnRH analogon. The dominant follicle was aspirated 21 h after administration of the GnRH analogon. The diameters of the follicles were estimated at aspiration and the morphology of the resulting luteal tissue was examined on day 14 after follicle aspiration using ultrasonographic examinations. Concentrations of progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>) and 17-beta-oestradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) were determined in the follicular fluids (FF) and P<sub>4</sub> concentration was estimated at the time of CL examination in plasma. A CL development occurred in 82% after dominant follicle aspiration. The interval of time between parturition and follicle aspiration did not affect the investigated variables. The diameter of the aspirated preovulatory follicle was positively correlated to the cross-section area of the developed luteal tissue (R = 0.60; P &lt; 0.01) as well as to the plasma P<sub>4</sub> concentration on day 14 after follicle aspiration (R = 0.47; P&nbsp;&lt; 0.05). Also, E<sub>2</sub> concentrations in FF were positively correlated to cross-section area of the luteal tissue (R = 0.54; P &lt; 0.05). Comparing the FF of the follicles that gave rise to a CL after aspiration to follicles that did not, both types had comparable P<sub>4</sub>, but the former type harboured higher E<sub>2</sub> concentrations. In conclusion, preovulatory follicle diameter as well as steroid concentrations in the follicular fluid could be used prospectively to identify cows which will have well-developed CLs and high plasma P<sub>4</sub> levels later. On the other hand, CL development after follicle aspiration can be used as a retrospective quality parameter of dominant follicles. These results will help to identify suitable animals for breeding or recipients for embryo transfer.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Ultrasound Characteristics of the Cavitary Corpus Luteum after Oestrus Synchronization in Heifers in Relation to the Results of Embryo Transfer

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Maria Jaśkowski ◽  
Hartwig Bostedt ◽  
Marek Gehrke ◽  
Jędrzej Maria Jaśkowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

The aim of the study was to conduct an ultrasound analysis of quantitative parameters of the corpus luteum (CL) in recipient heifers on days 6–8 after oestrus, and to compare reproduction potential of both types of CL in those females. Analyses were performed on 300 heifers, synchronized with two injections of cloprostenol. Clinical and ultrasound examinations of ovaries were performed and measurements of the CL were recorded. The blood samples were taken to determine progesterone level. Pregnancy examination was conducted after 6–8 weeks from the ET. Cavitary CL was found in 32.7% heifers In 48.0% of the cavitary CL, its luteal tissue area was reduced by 14.3% compared to the compact CL, while 16.3% of the CL had luteal tissue reduced by more than 33.8%. Progesterone level in blood serum was higher in heifers with the cavitary CL (p < 0.001). Pregnancy rate was higher for females with a cavitary CL (52%) than those with compact ones (33%, p < 0.05). The ultrasound assessment of luteal tissue should be included in the evaluation of the functional status of the CL in ET-recipient heifers. The cavitary CL presence may indicate a higher potential of the recipient in maintaining the pregnancy.

scholarly journals Metabolic Profile and Hormonal Status Comparison Between Primiparous and Multiparous Non-Cyclic Cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besir Jasari ◽  
Branko Atanasov ◽  
Irena Celeska ◽  
Miroslav Radeski ◽  
Martin Nikolovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Luteal Tissue

Abstract Several reports indicated that a large proportion of dairy cows have not resumed cyclicity until day 60 after calving. These cows are traditionally classified as non-cycling (anoestrous or anovular cows). Static ovaries (SO, lack of luteal tissue and follicles >8 mm, and progesterone < 0.5 ng/mL) could be a possible underlying reason that contributes to a non-cycling status. Although SO affects both primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) cows, PP cows are more prone to be non-cycling than MP. Therefore, this study aims to compare the metabolic profiles and hormonal status between non-cycling PP and MP cows diagnosed with SO. One hundred and twenty one animals that did not express signs of oestrus until day 60 postpartum were grouped by parity (PP, n=58 and MP, n=63), then blood sampled and examined using transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected before the ultrasonographic examination. Out of those, 42 PP (72.4%) and 28 MP (44.4%) were diagnosed as non-cycling (bearing SO). Serum concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein and albumin did not differ between parity groups. The glucose concentrations in PP cows (1.43 ± 0.59 mmol/L) and MP cows (1.69 ± 0.71 mmol/L) did not differ, however, they were less than the normal physiological concentration. In addition, no differences were detected between parity groups for concentrations of NEFA, β-HBA, progesterone and estradiol. In summary, we concluded that non-cycling PP and MP cows bearing SO have similar hormonal status and metabolic profiles.

scholarly journals Effect of Buserelin on corpus luteum activity and the fertility of dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. SARATSIS (Φ. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗΣ) ◽  
B. SCHMIDT-ADAMOPOULOU (Β. SCHMIDT-ΑΔΑΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
P. YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ) ◽  
Ch. BROZOS (Χ. ΜΠΡΟΖΟΣ) ◽  
A. DEMERTZIS (Α. ΔΕΜΕΡΤΖΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

112 selected Friesian dairy cows that had calved at least once, were used. The animals were divided into two groups, A (n = 55) and Β (n=57). On the 12th day post insemination (p.i.) 12 μg buserelin (3ml Receptal - Hoechst) and 3 ml normal saline (placebo) were injected intramuscularly to the animals of groups A and Β (controls), respectively. Milk progesterone concentration was measured in even animal from the day of insemination until the 24th day p.i.. A significant increase (P<0.05) in pregnancy rate (19.7%) was observed in the animals of group A. Also, the concentration of progesterone in the pregnant animals (14th - 24th day p.i.) as well as in the non pregnant (14th - 16th day p.i.) ones in group A was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to that of the controls'. The duration of the estrous cycle of the non pregnant animals did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the two groups. It is concluded that buserelin administration on the 12th day p.i. improved the fertility of dairy cows significantly by means of an antiluteolytic effect, through an increase in progesterone concentration, during the crucial period of maternal recognition of pregnancy.

Localization of oxytocin and neurophysin in baboon (Papio anubis) corpus luteum by immunocytochemistry

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firyal S. Khan-Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Immunocytochemical Reaction

Abstract. Immunoreactive oxytocin is detectable in the corpora lutea of women and cynomolgus monkeys by radioimmunoassay. To localize the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin I in ovarian tissues of subhuman primates, three corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissues and two Fallopian tubes obtained during the menstrual cycle of the baboon and decidua from two pregnant baboons were examined using highly specific antisera against either oxytocin or neurophysin I and preoxidase-antiperoxidase light microscopy immunohistochemistry. Oxytocin-like as well as neurophysin I-like immunoreactivities were found in some cells of all the corpora lutea only, but could not be demonstrated in ovarian stromal tissues, Fallopian tubes and decidua. Specificity of the immunocytochemical reaction was further confirmed by immunoabsorption of the antiserum with excess oxytocin or neurophysin, after which the immunoreactivities for both oxytocin and neurophysin in the luteal tissue were negative. Similar controls using normal rabbit serum gave no positive staining for either oxytocin or neurophysin. Counterstaining of the positive immunoreactivities for oxytocin and neurophysin I with Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin demonstrated clearly that the oxytocin and neurophysin I appeared as granular material mainly within the cytoplasm of the luteal cells. The localization of immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin I in the corpus luteum of the baboon demonstrates directly the presence of these two neurohypophysial peptides within primate luteal cells and suggests their local production.

GnRH-1, GnIH mRNA and Luteinizing Hormone in Domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) Exposed to Different Wavelengths of light

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5446
Author(s):  
Reddy I.J. ◽  
Ashish Mishra ◽  
Mondal S.
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Normal Spectrum

The objective of this study was to establish the effects of red spectrum of light (650nm, treated n=12) and normal spectrum of light (450nm control=12) on GnRH-I and GnIH mRNA expression, amplitude and frequency of luteinizing hormone (LH) and egg production from 42 to 52 weeks of age in white leghorn hens. Blood samples were collected at weekly interval from both the groups. At the 47th week of age blood samples from both the groups were collected at every 3 h for 36h to study the pulsatile secretion of LH surges. GnRH and GnIH mRNA expression pattern was studied between control and treated birds. Egg production and pause days were calculated between the two groups. LH concentration in the plasma was increased significantly (P<0.01) in hens exposed to red spectrum of light. Plasma LH concentration was higher (P<0.01) in treated birds with more number of LH surges. The amplitude and frequencies of LH were advanced in birds exposed to red spectrum of light during 36 h of sampling at 3h intervals. GnRH-I mRNA concentration was significantly (P<0.01) higher, whereas GnIH mRNA was significantly (P<0.01) lower in birds exposed to red spectrum of light compared to controls. It is hypothesized that exposure of birds to red spectrum of light enhanced (P<0.01) GnRH-I mRNA, along with LH required for ovulation and egg lay. During 77 days (42-52 weeks of age) of the experimental period, egg production was increased (p<0.01) with lower incidence of pause days in the treated group. It is concluded that low GnIH mRNA and higher levels of GnRH-I mRNA, LH, lower number of pause days enabled the birds to lay more eggs by stimulating GnRH through red spectrum of light.

scholarly journals Endometrial Inflammation at the Time of Insemination and Its Effect on Subsequent Fertility of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Karen Wagener ◽  
Marc Drillich ◽  
Christine Aurich ◽  
Christoph Gabler
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Cxcl8 Mrna ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Our objective was to investigate the level of endometrial immune response at artificial insemination (AI) and to relate it to subsequent fertility. From 71 healthy cows, endometrial cytobrush samples were taken at the first AI for cytological and mRNA analyses. Total RNA isolated from the cytobrushes was used for reverse transcription qPCR for selected transcripts. Animals were grouped into pregnant (PREG; n = 32) and non-pregnant (non-PREG; n = 39) cows following their first AI. The mRNA abundance of the neutrophil-related factor CEACAM1 and the chemokine CXCL5 was 1.2- (p = 0.03) and 2.0-fold (p = 0.04) greater in PREG than in non-PREG cows, respectively. Animals were further subdivided according to the number of inseminations until pregnancy (PREG1, n = 32; PREG2-3, n = 19) and in repeat breeder cows (RBC, n = 13). CEACAM1 and CXCL8 mRNA expression was 1.7- (p = 0.01) and 2.3-fold (p = 0.03) greater in PREG1 than in RBC, respectively. Cox regression showed that cows with PMN ≥ 1% had a 1.8-fold increased chance of pregnancy within 150 days postpartum compared with cows with fewer PMNs. We conclude that a certain level of inflammation before the stimulus of AI might be beneficial for subsequent fertility.

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