scholarly journals Adi sülün de (Phasianus colchicus) plexus lumbalis ve plexus sacralis lerin morfolojik incelenmesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Beste Demirci ◽  
Murat Erdem Gültiken
Keyword(s):  
Phasianus Colchicus

scholarly journals How many gamebirds are released in the UK each year?

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joah Robert Madden
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Alectoris Rufa ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Know How ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Official Records

AbstractLarge numbers of gamebirds (pheasants Phasianus colchicus, red-legged partridges Alectoris rufa and mallard Anus platyrhynchos) are released annually in the UK to support recreational shooting. It is important to know how many of these birds are being released because their release and management has ecological effects on the wildlife and habitats of the UK. There is little regulation governing their release, and consequently, an accurate figure for the numbers being released is unknown. I took 12 different approaches, totalling 4329 estimates of the numbers of birds being released annually, based on a series of datasets that described numbers of birds being held for breeding, rearing or release, being released, managed or shot on game shoots, being shot by individual guns or being recorded during breeding bird surveys. These 12 approaches produced estimates ranging from 14.7 to 106.1 million with a mean of 43.2 million (95% CI 29.0–57.3 million). This suggests that 31.5 million pheasants (range 29.8–33.7 million), 9.1 million red-legged partridges (range 5.6–12.5 million) and 2.6 million mallard (range 0.9–6.0 million) are released annually in the UK. These figures differ substantially from both official records of gamebirds and previous published estimates, and I discuss why such differences may occur. I set these figures in the context of the number and behaviour of shoots operating in the UK. Improved estimates of numbers of gamebird being released are critical if we are to better understand the ecological effects occurring in areas where they are released and managed.

scholarly journals A phasianid bird from the Pleistocene of Tainan: the very first avian fossil from Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsiu Tsai ◽  
Gerald Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Birds ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Fossil Bird ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Unambiguous Assignment

AbstractTaiwan accommodates more than 600 avian species, including about 30 endemic ones. As yet, however, no fossil birds have been scientifically documented from Taiwan, so that the evolutionary origins of this diversified avifauna remain elusive. Here we report on the very first fossil bird from Taiwan. This Pleistocene specimen, a distal end of the left tarsometatarsus, shows diagnostic features of the galliform Phasianidae, including an asymmetric plantar articular facet trochlea metatarsi III. Our discovery of a Pleistocene phasianid from Taiwan opens a new perspective on studies of the evolution of the avifauna in Taiwan because the fossil shows that careful search for fossils in suitable localities has the potential of recovering avian remains. In general, East Asia has an extremely poor avian fossil record, especially if terrestrial birds are concerned, which impedes well-founded evolutionary scenarios concerning the arrival of certain groups in the area. The Phasianidae exhibit a high degree of endemism in Taiwan, and the new fossil presents the first physical evidence for the presence of phasianids on the island, some 400,000–800,000 years ago. The specimen belongs to a species the size of the three larger phasianids occurring in Taiwan today (Syrmaticus mikado, Lophura swinhoii, and Phasianus colchicus). Still, an unambiguous assignment to either of these species is not possible due to the incomplete nature of the left tarsometatarsus. Because the former two species are endemic to Taiwan, the fossil has the potential to yield the first data on their existence in the geological past of Taiwan if future finds allow identification on species-level.

Regulation of nematode fecundity in the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): not just density dependence

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. TOMPKINS ◽  
P. J. HUDSON
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Infection Experiment ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Parasite Intensity ◽  
Inverse Density Dependence ◽  
The Common

Patterns of nematode fecundity were investigated for infections of the caecal worm Heterakis gallinarum in the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Worm length was a good predictor of parasite fecundity. After controlling for worm length no other factors, including parasite intensity, were related to worm fecundity. Density dependence in worm size was detected in natural infections at parasite intensities above a threshold of 96 worms (worm size decreased with increasing parasite intensity). However, below this threshold, worm size actually decreased with decreasing parasite intensity (inverse density dependence). The interaction between density dependence and inverse density dependence in regulating the development and subsequent fecundity of H. gallinarum worms in ring-necked pheasants was demonstrated in an infection experiment. Density dependence was observed in the stunted growth of worms in heavily infected hosts, relative to worms in lightly infected hosts. Inverse density dependence in worm size was the common pattern across hosts by the end of the experiment, when parasite intensities were below the density dependence threshold. This is the first study to document both density dependence and inverse density dependence in parasite fecundity in the same host–helminth system.

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