Evaluation of head injury criteria using a finite element model validated against experiments on localized brain motion, intracerebral acceleration, and intracranial pressure

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kleiven
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Brain Motion ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Airbag and Study on the Effect of Airbag Parameters on Head Injury Criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1666
Author(s):  
Aakash R
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: In the case of an accident, inflatable restraints system plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants. Frontal airbags have saved 44,869 lives, according to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).Finite element analysis is extremely important in the research and development of airbags in order to ensure optimum protection for occupant. In this work, we simulate a head impact test with a deploying airbag and investigate the airbag's parameters. The airbag's performance is directly influenced by the parameters of the cushion such as vent area and fabric elasticity. The FEM model is analysed to investigate the influence of airbag parameter, and the findings are utilised to determine an optimal value that may be employed in the construction of better occupant safety systems. Keywords: airbag, finite element method, occupant safety, frontal airbag, vent size, fabric elasticity, head injury criteria

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation on the Role of Mechanical Factors Contributing to Globe Flattening in States of Elevated Intracranial Pressure

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Jafar A. Mehr ◽  
Heather E. Moss ◽  
Hamed Hatami-Marbini
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Mechanical Factors

Flattening of the posterior eye globe in the magnetic resonance (MR) images is a sign associated with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), often seen in people with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The exact underlying mechanisms of globe flattening (GF) are not fully known but mechanical factors are believed to play a role. In the present study, we investigated the effects of material properties and pressure loads on GF. For this purpose, we used a generic finite element model to investigate the deformation of the posterior eyeball. The degree of GF in numerical models and the significance of different mechanical factors on GF were characterized using an automated angle-slope technique and a statistical measure. From the numerical models, we found that ICP had the most important role in GF. We also showed that the angle-slope graphs pertaining to MR images from five people with high ICP can be represented numerically by manipulating the parameters of the finite element model. This numerical study suggests that GF observed in IIH patients can be accounted for by the forces caused by elevation of ICP from its normal level, while material properties of ocular tissues, such as sclera (SC), peripapillary sclera (PSC), and optic nerve (ON), would impact its severity.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of the Motorcycle Helmet Material against Impact Velocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-995
Author(s):  
Arnav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: A motorcycle helmet is the best protective headgear for the prevention of head injuries due to direct cranial impact. A finite element model based on realistic geometric features of a motorcycle helmet is established, and explicit finite element code is employed to simulate dynamic responses at different impact velocities. Peak acceleration and Head injury criterion values derived from the head form are used to assess the protective performance of the helmet. We have concluded that the dynamic responses of the helmet dramatically vary with impact velocity, as well as the mechanical properties of the outer shell and energy- absorbing liner. At low velocities e.g. 8.3 m/s, the shell stiffness and liner density should be relatively low to diminish head- contact force. At high velocity e.g. 11m/s, a stiffer shell and denser liner offer superior protection against head injuries. Different tests were performed in ansys explicit dynamics solver by taking different materials and calculating PLA, Head Injury Criteria, K.E, P.E, contact energy etc. The results obtained for different materials were then compared with easy other to draw the necessary conclusion’s. Keywords: Peak Linear Acceleration (PLA), Head Injury Criteria.

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