Factors Affecting Diffuse Axonal Injury under Blunt Impact and Proposal for a Head Injury Criteria: A Finite Element Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-310
Author(s):  
Shamik Sarkar ◽  
Santanu Majumder ◽  
Amit Roychowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Blunt Impact ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

scholarly journals Evaluation of Head Injury Criteria for Injury Prediction Effectiveness: Computational Reconstruction of Real-World Vulnerable Road User Impact Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Lin Hu ◽  
Hongzhen Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Real World ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Road User ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Brain Deformation ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

This study evaluates the effectiveness of various widely used head injury criteria (HICs) in predicting vulnerable road user (VRU) head injuries due to road traffic accidents. Thirty-one real-world car-to-VRU impact accident cases with detailed head injury records were collected and replicated through the computational biomechanics method; head injuries observed in the analyzed accidents were reconstructed by using a finite element (FE)-multibody (MB) coupled pedestrian model [including the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) head–neck FE model and the remaining body segments of TNO MB pedestrian model], which was developed and validated in our previous study. Various typical HICs were used to predict head injuries in all accident cases. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis method was adopted to investigate the correlation between head kinematics-based injury criteria and the actual head injury of VRU; the effectiveness of brain deformation-based injury criteria in predicting typical brain injuries [such as diffuse axonal injury diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and contusion] was assessed by using head injury risk curves reported in the literature. Results showed that for head kinematics-based injury criteria, the most widely used HICs and head impact power (HIP) can accurately and effectively predict head injury, whereas for brain deformation-based injury criteria, the maximum principal strain (MPS) behaves better than cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM0.15 and CSDM0.25) in predicting the possibility of DAI. In comparison with the dilatation damage measure (DDM), MPS seems to better predict the risk of brain contusion.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Airbag and Study on the Effect of Airbag Parameters on Head Injury Criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1666
Author(s):  
Aakash R
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: In the case of an accident, inflatable restraints system plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants. Frontal airbags have saved 44,869 lives, according to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).Finite element analysis is extremely important in the research and development of airbags in order to ensure optimum protection for occupant. In this work, we simulate a head impact test with a deploying airbag and investigate the airbag's parameters. The airbag's performance is directly influenced by the parameters of the cushion such as vent area and fabric elasticity. The FEM model is analysed to investigate the influence of airbag parameter, and the findings are utilised to determine an optimal value that may be employed in the construction of better occupant safety systems. Keywords: airbag, finite element method, occupant safety, frontal airbag, vent size, fabric elasticity, head injury criteria

Finite Element Analysis of Diffuse Axonal Injury

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Y. Cheng ◽  
Steve Rifai ◽  
Tara Khatua ◽  
Robert L. Piziali
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Element Analysis

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of the Motorcycle Helmet Material against Impact Velocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-995
Author(s):  
Arnav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: A motorcycle helmet is the best protective headgear for the prevention of head injuries due to direct cranial impact. A finite element model based on realistic geometric features of a motorcycle helmet is established, and explicit finite element code is employed to simulate dynamic responses at different impact velocities. Peak acceleration and Head injury criterion values derived from the head form are used to assess the protective performance of the helmet. We have concluded that the dynamic responses of the helmet dramatically vary with impact velocity, as well as the mechanical properties of the outer shell and energy- absorbing liner. At low velocities e.g. 8.3 m/s, the shell stiffness and liner density should be relatively low to diminish head- contact force. At high velocity e.g. 11m/s, a stiffer shell and denser liner offer superior protection against head injuries. Different tests were performed in ansys explicit dynamics solver by taking different materials and calculating PLA, Head Injury Criteria, K.E, P.E, contact energy etc. The results obtained for different materials were then compared with easy other to draw the necessary conclusion’s. Keywords: Peak Linear Acceleration (PLA), Head Injury Criteria.

scholarly journals Effects of Nozzle Die Angle on Extruding Polymethylmethacrylate in Open-Source 3D Printing

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aiman Sukindar ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin ◽  
B.T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽  
Che Nor Aiza Jaafar ◽  
Mohd Idris Shah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting

Open-source 3D printer has been widely used for fabricating three dimensional products. However, this technology has some drawbacks that need to be improved such as accuracy of the finished parts. One of the factors affecting the final product is the ability of the machine to extrude the material consistently, which is related to the flow behavior of the material inside the liquefier. This paper observes the pressure drop along the liquefier by manipulating the nozzle die angle from 80° to 170° using finite element analysis (FEA) for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material. When the pressure drop along the liquefier is varied, the printed product also varies, thus providing less accuracy in the finished parts. Based on the FEA, it was found that 130° was the optimum die angle (convergent angle) for extruding PMMA material using open-source 3D printing.

Effects of Ultrasonic Motor Stator Teeth Height on Start Reliability

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Jing-Liang Zhou ◽  
Yu-Zhen Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Ultrasonic Motor ◽  
Wave Type ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ultrasonic Motors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type

AbstractAs a new type of motor, the traveling wave type rotary ultrasonic motors (TRUM) have a wide range of applications. However, the friction between stator and rotor leads to its poor start reliability, which retards the progress of application of ultrasonic motors. Sometimes TRUMs which are widely used cannot start after storage. Height of tooth of the ultrasonic motor’s stator is one of the factors affecting TRUM’s start stabilizing. In this paper, combined with the ultrasonic motor running mechanism, the factors that affect TRUM’s start reliability are studied. Model of ultrasonic motor stator tooth height is analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA). Five TRUMs with different tooth heights are fabricated and measured. A TRUM with 1.85 mm tooth height can start properly in humidity 90%, but ultrasonic motors with 1.8–1.9 mm tooth height cannot start properly under the same conditions.

Experimental and finite element analysis for prediction of kidney injury under blunt impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Umale ◽  
Caroline Deck ◽  
Nicolas Bourdet ◽  
Michele Diana ◽  
Luc Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Blunt Impact
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