scholarly journals Les dimensions émotionnelles du terrorisme : Émotions, radicalisation violente et engagement terroriste

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ducol
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Mouvements Sociaux ◽  
Nous Pensons ◽  
Rational Calculation ◽  
Individual Participation ◽  
Sciences Sociales

Par une volonté louable de rompre avec des approches psychologisantes du phénomène terroriste dominantes au cours des années 1960-70, les recherches contemporaines en matière de terrorisme(s) et de violence(s) politique(s) ont très largement mis l’emphase sur la figure du « terroriste » comme acteur rationnel et stratégique. Face aux limites des approches rationalistes de l’engagement radical qui envisagent de manière réductionniste les individus au travers d’un calcul rationnel univoque en terme de coûts et d’incitatifs à l’action, il nous apparaît important de réintégrer dans les réflexions théoriques sur les phénomènes terroristes, les émotions afin d’en interroger le rôle dans la production d’une trajectoire violente et/ou terroriste Notre article se propose donc ici d’effectuer une revue de la littérature non-exhaustive des travaux actuels autour du rôle des émotions en matière de terrorisme, et d’éclairer les voies de recherches futures à la lumière de travaux déjà engagés dans le champ de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux, des nouveaux mouvements religieux ou encore de la sociologie cognitive. Au travers de ce « retour des émotions » qui traverse les sciences sociales et plus globalement le champ de la connaissance contemporaine, nous pensons qu’il s’avère en effet possible de dégager des pistes de recherches fructueuses permettant d’affiner notre regard sur les phénomènes terroristes et les logiques de radicalisation violente.Contemporary research on terrorism(s) and political violence(s) have largely put the emphasis on the figure of the "terrorist" as rational and strategic player, in a break with psychoanalytical approaches to terrorism that were dominant from the 1960-1970’s. Giventhe limitations of rationalist approaches to radical commitment, and considering how reductionist is the understanding of individual participation to terrorism related activities through a rational calculation framework in terms of costs and incentives to action, it is important to reintegrate in the theoretical reflections on terrorist phenomena how emotions can play a role in leading potential terrorists down a violent path. This paper presents acritical assessment of current academic work surrounding the issue of violent radicalization and involvement in terrorism, and engages in a theoretical debate thathighlights potential future research that could better integrate a prominent role foremotions in our understanding the process of terrorist radicalization and clandestine political violence.

scholarly journals Quelques réflexions sur des pratiques d’utilisation des médicaments hors cadre médical

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Thoër ◽  
Janine Pierret ◽  
Joseph Josy Lévy
Keyword(s):  
Santé Publique ◽  
Jeunes Adultes ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Vie Quotidienne ◽  
Sciences Sociales ◽  
Sante Publique

Résumé La progression de l’utilisation « non médicale » des médicaments, que ceux-ci soient disponibles avec ou sans ordonnance, apparaît aujourd’hui comme une préoccupation d’importance croissante dans le champ de la santé publique. Cette tendance, qui touche particulièrement les adolescents et les jeunes adultes, englobe une multitude de pratiques, allant du détournement à l’automédication en passant par « l’abus » et le dopage, pratiques qui seront définies ici et qui peuvent conduire au développement d’une dépendance au médicament. S’appuyant sur une revue de la littérature en sciences sociales et en santé publique, cet article met en évidence les problèmes que soulève la catégorisation des pratiques, notamment parce que les frontières entre les usages licites et illicites du médicament semblent de plus en plus brouillées dans les sociétés contemporaines. L’utilisation « non médicale » du médicament s’inscrit dans un contexte social marqué par un plus grand accès aux produits pharmaceutiques et aux savoirs qui s’y rapportent ainsi que par une tendance à la banalisation du recours chimique dans la vie quotidienne. Cet usage de l’assistance chimique à la vie quotidienne soulève la question de l’autonomie du sujet en santé et du rapport des individus à l’expertise médicale.

Introduction to a Special Issue on Political Violence and Terrorism: Political Violence as Contentious Politics

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Unit Of Analysis

Five lessons for future research on political violence may be drawn from the articles in this special issue. Researchers should (1) analyze political violence not as a sui generis phenomenon but as one form among others that contentious politics sometimes takes; (2) attempt to determine actors' own reasons for their choice (or rejection) of violent strategies; (3) take the "conflict situation" that encompasses the interactions of all the relevant actors (not single states, movements, or networks) as the unit of analysis for explaining collective strategic choices; (4) take the networks in which individuals interact (not single individuals) as the unit of analysis for explaining individuals' strategic choices; and (5) examine actors' decisions to eschew violence as well as their decisions to employ it in order to avoid overgeneralized explanations for the latter.

Santé mentale des internes en psychiatrie : quelle prise en charge et quelles recommandations ?

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S2) ◽  
pp. S52-S52
Author(s):  
P. Hardy ◽  
A.L. Penchaud ◽  
B. Lavigne ◽  
M. Lardinois
Keyword(s):  
Santé Mentale ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Professionnels De Santé ◽  
Troubles Psychiatriques ◽  
Stress Chronique ◽  
Facteurs De Risques ◽  
Sante Mentale ◽  
Sciences Sociales

L’internat est une période de stress chronique élevé pour les étudiants en médecine qui doivent relever le défi d’apprendre à travailler en équipe, de devenir des médecins compétents, responsables et empathiques, dans un climat parfois compétitif. Les premières études analysant la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques chez les internes dans les années 1960 retrouvaient une prévalence de la dépression d’environ 30 %. Des travaux récents retrouvent des taux identiques ainsi qu’une augmentation significative de la prévalence du burn-out et des symptômes anxieux au cours de l’internat . Cependant, il semblerait que les internes souffrant de troubles psychiatriques se tournent peu vers les professionnels de santé , alors même que l’aggravation des symptômes retentit sur leur fonctionnement, notamment professionnel. Actuellement, il n’existe pas en France de recommandation claire quant à la prise en charge médicale et universitaire des internes en souffrance psychique, malgré des résultats encourageant d’interventions individuelles ou groupales . L’Association française fédérative des étudiants en psychiatrie a donc mené une enquête auprès des représentants des internes en psychiatrie de chaque subdivision et des coordonnateurs locaux du diplôme d’études spécialisées (DES) de psychiatrie. Ce travail, présenté pour la première fois, a pour but de décrire les dispositions médicales et universitaires prises pour les internes en souffrance et celles souhaitées. L’objectif final de cette étude est d’élaborer des recommandations nationales et consensuelles aidant à la prise en charge spécifique de ces étudiants. Le professeur Hardy apportera son regard avec sa double expertise de coordonnateur du DES de psychiatrie de Paris-IDF et de psychiatre intéressé par les troubles affectifs et les facteurs de risques psychosociaux. L’approche sociologique de Madame Penchaud viendra enrichir cette session où elle présentera une revue de la littérature en sciences sociales sur les motivations présidant au choix de la filière psychiatrique et proposera une analyse compréhensive de l’expérience et l’apprentissage professionnel des internes en psychiatrie.

scholarly journals Exploring the communicative and attitudinal covariates of violent and non-violent political engagement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joshua Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Communication Behaviors

This project is primarily concerned with the relationships between communication behaviors, including pro-attitudinal media use and political social media use, political attitudes, including in-group bias and political trust, and political behaviors, including both violent and non-violent political engagement. Political violence is defined broadly, including both communicative and verbal political violence factors, and a new measure of political violence is designed and validated using psychometric methods. A novel data collection and analysis plan is utilized to collect social media posts authored by participants in order to link indicators of social media content with data collected via a self-report survey. The results show that pro-attitudinal media use is related to higher levels of in-group bias and lower levels of political trust. Further, higher levels of bias are associated with non-violent political engagement and lower levels of political trust are associated with violent political engagement. The collected data revealed indirect effects between pro-attitudinal media use and both non-violent and violent political engagement through in-group bias and political trust respectively. To conclude, I situate these results within the research literature and outline future research that can further elaborate on these relationships, establish further evidence of the validity of the political violence scale, and refine and improve the social data collection plan.

scholarly journals Uncovering Embedded Face Threat Mitigation in Landscape Architecture Critique Feedback

2015 ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Amy L. Housley Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relevant Feedback ◽  
Communication Instruction ◽  
Threat Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
Face Threat

Receiving public feedback on academic work may threaten students’ face, particularly when such feedback is critical. One way that feedback may be cushioned is through face-threat mitigation techniques. I analyzed the use of such techniques in the feedback given by faculty and professionals to landscape architecture students as preparation for integrating communication instruction into these courses. This analysis revealed that informal language was the most prevalent technique employed by both faculty and professionals. Findings also indicated that faculty offered more direct advice to students than professionals, potentially fulfilling students’ desires for relevant feedback. The marked differences between faculty and professionals patterns point to different interpretations of and goals in providing feedback. The analysis concludes with a discussion of this study’s implications for future research on feedback.

Religious Establishment as a Subject of Political Science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Religious Establishment ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Cross National

Recent scholarly attention to religious establishment can be understood as a response to the crisis of secularization theory and the apparent return of religion to global politics. As a category, religious establishment represents a concrete instance of the religious touching the political, which political scientists can systematically measure and analyze to qualify the nature of religion’s return to global politics. Theoretical advances in the conceptualization of religious establishment as a combination of various policies of government regulation and favoritism of religion, in addition to the creation of cross-national databases to measure these policies, has led scholars to rediscover and categorize a broad range of patterns of religious establishment across the globe. Furthermore, these advances in conceptualization and data collection have enabled scholars to produce new political science research on the relationship between religious establishment and patterns of national religious life; cross-national levels of democracy; and the probability of political violence. Several hidden threads bind much of this scholarship together, including implicit assumptions made about normative debates on the meaning of religious liberty, as well as historical patterns of state formation. By explicitly recognizing these assumptions and linking them to future research agendas, political science scholarship on religious establishment is well placed to advance debates on the contemporary role of religion in global politics.

Children and Political Violence: An Overview

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Coping

The papers presented in this special section provide an introduction to the area of research on the effects of political violence on children. The articles cover a wide range of topics from the well-researched question of stress and coping to the less often investigated questions of the development of aggression, the long-term effects of political violence, and the evaluation of attempts at reconciliation. In addition, they represent those geographical areas which at present dominate work in this area the Middle East, Northern Ireland, and South Africa. They also illustrate emerging debates concerning resilience versus vulnerability and the effectiveness of outsiders versus insiders as investigators. The research reported here also points to the need for more cross-cultural work. Finally, it is argued that there is a need to understand the collective nature of political violence. This has implications not only for future research methods but, more importantly, for the development of a theoretical basis that is needed for work in this area.

Therapeutic Interventions with Israeli Children Exposed to Continuous Traumatic Stress of Political Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 415-440
Author(s):  
Tamar Lavi
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Southwestern Area ◽  
Illustrative Case Study

This chapter reviews theoretical and clinical issues related to living under continuous traumatic stress (CTS) due to exposure to political violence. Through an analysis of CTS experienced by the residents of the southwestern area of Israel, the chapter presents an approach to therapeutic interventions for children and families that advocates the adaptation of extant therapies to the CTS situation. An illustrative case study is presented, and the effect of external threat on the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client is discussed. The chapter concludes with recommendations for therapy with children who are exposed to CTS and suggestions for future research for assessing interventions of the kind described in this chapter.

Commentary On The Character Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Snow ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Helping Behaviour ◽  
Mixed Traits ◽  
Psychological Studies

This book is an important example of how philosophers can make their work better known to the nonacademic public without sacrificing too much by way of rigor. Miller’s academic work stands at the intersection of philosophy and psychology: he draws on a wide array of psychological studies to help make the case for ‘mixed traits.’ He does the same here, though in a very accessible way. Here I remark on ways in which I think the book might have been stronger, and engage with some of the psychological studies. Finally, I introduce a recent meta-analysis of 24,512 controlled psychological studies of helping behavior (Lefevor et al., “To What Degree Do Situational Influences Explain Spontaneous Helping Behaviour?” 2017). I am curious whether Lefevor et al.’s conclusions will induce Miller to rethink his approach to helping studies or will have other implications for his future research.

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