Depression with Mixed Features (for DSM-5): Distinguishing Indicators Imaginary Coherence EEG Rest

Background: The neuronal correlates of depression with mixed traits (according to DSM-5) at rest have not been studied. Objective: to determine the indicators of imaginary coherence of EEG-rest, which distinguish patients with depression with mixed features (according to DSM-5) from patients with depression without mixed features and healthy subjects, and also to trace the dependence of the identified neurophysiological characteristics on the diagnostic belonging of the symptom complex to bipolar II type or recurrent depressive disorder. Patients and methods: on a background free from drug therapy, 80 patients with depression with mixed features (XD; n = 40 — with bipolar II disorder (XB) and n = 40 — with recurrent depressive disorder (XR)), 80 patients with depression without mixed traits (TD; n = 40 — for bipolar II type (TB) and n = 40 — for recurrent depressive disorder (TR), as well as 80 healthy subjects (N). The study groups were matched by sex and age. The study used clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological and statistical research methods. According to the Kruskal–Wallis criterion for independent samples the parameters of imaginary coherence (modulo) of standard frequency ranges (delta (δ) — 0.5–4 Hz, theta (θ) — 4–8 Hz, alpha (α) — 8–13 Hz, beta-1 (β1) — 13–20 Hz, beta-2 (β2) — 20–30 Hz, gamma (γ) — 30–45 Hz) between pairs of 14 cutaneous standard EEG derivations (according to the “10–20” system) in three (XD, TD and N), and then in five (XB, XR, TB, TR and N) comparison groups. Post-hoc analysis was performed using the U-test. The significance level was adjusted according to the Bonferroni correction. Results: three indicators were identified: α-ICoh(C3–P4), β1-ICoh(C3–P3) and β2-ICoh(F3–C4). For all three parameters, the H-test values for the “Group” factor (n = 3 and n = 5) were highly significant. In this case, α-ICoh(C3– P4) — XD = TD, XD < N, TD < N; β1-ICoh(C3–P3) — XD < TD, XD < N; TD < N; β2-ICoh(F3–C4) — XD > TD; XD > N, TD > N. The groups of patients with XD within the framework of recurrent depressive and bipolar II disorders significantly differed in terms of β1- ICoh(C3–P3) — XR > XB. At the level of statistical trends, in type II bipolar disorder — XB > TB according to α-ICoh(C3–P4), and in recurrent depressive disorder — XR > TR according to β2-ICoh(F3–C4). Conclusion. Thus, depression with mixed features can be considered in terms of dysfunctional interactions of the left frontal, bilateral central and parietal cortical zones, depending on the diagnostic affiliation of the depressive symptom complex and reflecting violations of automatic and voluntary regulation of affect, cognitive and behavioral changes.

Corporate Nietzsche: Assessing Prospects of Success for Managers with Master and Slave Moralities

Purpose. Nietzschean proponents classify people into seemingly two distinct groups: those possessing 'Master' moralities and those with 'Slave' moralities. Each type of person is characterized to have certain qualities, traits, ideologies, and methods of dealing with everyday situations. This paper attributes these moralities to the personnel working in the corporate sector of Pakistan to observe their prospects of success. Originality. A specialized survey instrument was designed to gauge different Morality Types of the study subjects by calculating a Morality Quotient. The respondents were then categorized into three categories possessing, Slave, Master and Neutral or Mixed traits. These traits are then contrasted to the position(s) held by the subjects to see which morality type was more prevalent in higher management levels and whether the association was significant. Conclusions. Our results prove to be contradictory to common wisdom and shows that despite the leadership-like qualities of those with Master moralities, the proportion of those with Slave moralities was significantly higher at senior management levels of the corporate sector in Pakistan. Moreover, a trend of declining Master morality traits is observed with the rise in managerial level. In addition, an association between work experience and Morality type was also observed indicating adaptability of cross morality traits with increasing job experience. These findings are in line with the increasing focus on democratic and adaptable leadership instead of autocratic leadership styles in contemporary organizations.

Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme Treated with Short-Course Radiation Alone Compared to Short-Course Radiation and Concurrent and Adjuvant Temozolomide Based on Performance Status and Extent of Resection

(1) Background: Studies in elderly patients over the age of 65 with glioblastoma have shown survival benefits of short-course radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide, making it the standard of care adopted at Juravinski Cancer Center. Our study retrospectively examines patients with GBM aged ≥ 70 at the JCC treated with short-course radiation alone compared to those treated with short-course radiation and concurrent and adjuvant TMZ, to determine if there is a difference in outcomes based on performance status. (2) Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at JCC using patients diagnosed with GBM in 2014–2017 (treated with the old protocol of short-course RT alone) versus those diagnosed in 2017–2019 (treated with the new protocol of short-course radiation and TMZ). Patient demographics, treatments, outcomes, and baseline KPS were analyzed. (3) Results: No clear benefit and more neurologic decline post treatment were seen in patients with borderline performance status and subtotal resection who underwent concurrent treatment with temozolomide and radiation. The addition of temozolomide was most helpful in patients with good performance status and a gross total resection. Variable outcomes were seen in patients with mixed traits. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that performance status and extent of resection are significant determinants of patient response to treatment. In the case of elderly patients with borderline performance status and GTR or those with good performance status and STR, also described as “mixed traits”, it may be beneficial to pursue single modality treatment, ideally based on MGMT promoter methylation status as opposed to bimodality treatment in order to maintain the best QOL.

Sistema Acusatório Princípio Processual Penal Implícito na Constituição

ResumoO artigo em questão propôs abordar sobre o sistema acusatório princípio processual penal implícito na Constituição Federal e a forma de ser interpretado na Constituição Federal de 1988 pelos doutrinadores. O sistema processual brasileiro apresenta como características seus traços inquisitórios, acusatórios e o misto. O inquisitivo é um sistema pelo qual as duas funções de acusação e julgamento se apresentam unidas em um único órgão ou em uma única pessoa, e o sistema acusatório, os papéis são reservados para pessoas ou órgãos distintos. No entanto, como observado na literatura, são apresentados conflitos na forma de interpretação dos sistemas. Muitos autores expressam suas posições, uns sustentam que o sistema adotado no Brasil é o inquisitório, outros apontam ser um sistema misto, mas outros afirmam ser o sistema acusatório. Infelizmente, o que se observa através das várias interpretações apresentadas sobre o sistema acusatório, é que este continua preso às amarras do inquisitorialismo. Nestes últimos anos, verifica-se que vêm sendo travadas lutas doutrinárias incessantes, pois se percebe a grande necessidade de transformações, que se tornam urgentes. Estas lutas têm propósitos importantes, objetivam a busca da afirmação de um direito processual penal que seja pautado pela conformidade constitucional. Palavras-chave: Constituição. Princípio Processual. Sistema Acusatório. AbstractThe article in question proposed to address the implicit principle in the Constitution adversarial system of criminal procedure and the way it is interpreted in the Federal Constitution of 1988 by the jurists. The Brazilian legal system has as its characteristics inquisitorial, accusatory and mixed traits. The questioning is a system by which the two functions of prosecution and trial are presented together in a single organ or a single person, and the adversarial system, the roles are reserved by different persons or bodies. But as noted in the literature, conflicts are presented in the form of interpretation systems. Many authors express their positions, some argue that the system adopted in Brazil is the inquisitorial one, others point to be a mixed system, but others claim to be the adversarial system. Unfortunately, what is observed through the various interpretations presented about the adversarial system, this is still tied to the shackles of inquisitorialism . In recent years, it seems that incessant doctrinal struggles have been waged, as it is possible to the great need of transformations that become urgent. These struggles have important purposes, aimed to search the assertion of criminal procedural law that is guided by constitutional compliance. Keywords: Constitution. Principle Procedure. Adversarial System.

Commentary On The Character Gap

This book is an important example of how philosophers can make their work better known to the nonacademic public without sacrificing too much by way of rigor. Miller’s academic work stands at the intersection of philosophy and psychology: he draws on a wide array of psychological studies to help make the case for ‘mixed traits.’ He does the same here, though in a very accessible way. Here I remark on ways in which I think the book might have been stronger, and engage with some of the psychological studies. Finally, I introduce a recent meta-analysis of 24,512 controlled psychological studies of helping behavior (Lefevor et al., “To What Degree Do Situational Influences Explain Spontaneous Helping Behaviour?” 2017). I am curious whether Lefevor et al.’s conclusions will induce Miller to rethink his approach to helping studies or will have other implications for his future research.

Virtue as a Trait

One of the most common assumptions about the moral virtues is that they are traits, or more specifically, traits of character. But what are character traits, and what character traits do individuals actually possess today? This chapter takes up each of these questions in turn. First it considers the metaphysics of character traits, distinguishing between three competing views: the summary view, the conditional view, and the dispositional view. Then it turns to the empirical issue of whether most people actually have character traits, and if so, what they tend to look like. Different options include the possession of traditional virtues, traditional vices, local traits, and mixed traits.