scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DE LAS CAPTURAS DE TIBURONES Y RAYAS EN LAS PESQUERÍAS ARTESANALES DE TÁRCOLES, PACÍFICO CENTRAL DE COSTA RICA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés López Garro ◽  
Rándall Arauz Vargas ◽  
Ilena Zanella ◽  
Loic Le Foulgo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mustelus Henlei

Se analizaron las capturas de tiburones y rayas látigo realizadas por pescadores artesanales de Tárcoles  en el Pacífico de Costa Rica, desde febrero del 2006 hasta febrero del 2007. Se observaron 415 faenas de pesca (línea de fondo, trasmallo y línea rayera): 340 correspondieron a observaciones de descarga y 75 (18.1%) a observaciones a bordo. Durante las descargas se analizaron 3299 tiburones y rayas látigo: el tiburón mamón enano (Mustelus henlei) dominó en la captura total (63.7%), seguido por el tiburón mamón común (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), el tiburón picudo común (Rhizoprionodon longurio) 6.9% y el tiburón martillo común (Sphyrna lewini) 6.1%. A su vez, la raya látigo (D. longa) y el tiburón picudo fucsia (Nasolamia velox) representaron un 3.5% y 2.6% de la captura total, respectivamente. En los 75 viajes a bordo se capturó un total de 6.458 peces, de los cuales solo el 4.4% (240 individuos) fueron tiburones y rayas látigo. M. henlei fue nuevamente la especie más abundante (50.4%), le siguieron R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), y por último, M. lunulatus (2.5%). Debido a la estacionalidad y abundancia de tiburones mamones en la zona de Herradura, se recomienda un cierre técnico en enero-febrero y setiembre-octubre, meses con las mayores capturas. También se recomienda la protección de la zona del Peñón, ya que es utilizada por la raya látigo y por los juveniles del tiburón martillo.From February 2006 to February 2007, we analyzed shark and rays captures by the artisanal fishermen from Tárcoles, in the Pacific of Costa Rica. We observed 415 fishing operations (bottom line, gillnet and ray line): 340 dock landing observations and 75 (18.1%) on board observations. During the landing observations, we analyzed 3299 sharks and rays: the brown smooth hound (Mustelus henlei) was the most common species (63.7%), followed by the common smooth hound (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), the Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon longurio) (6.9%) and the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) (6.1%). The longtail stingray (Dasyatis longa) and the whitenose shark (Nasolamia velox) represented the 3.5% and 2.6% of the total catch, respectively.  During 75 fishing trips, we analyzed 6.458 fish individuals, of them only 4.4% (240 individuals) were sharks and longtail stingrays. Among these, M. henlei was also the most abundant species (50.4%), followed by R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8%), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), and M. lunulatus (2.5%). Considering the seasonality and abundance of smooth hound sharks in Herradura, we recommend a technical closure during the higher catch months (January-February and September-October). Also, we recommend protecting the Peñón, which is inhabited by adults of longtail stingray and juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks. 

scholarly journals Echinoderm diversity of a tropical estuary in the largest river basin of the Costa Rican Pacific, Eastern Tropical Pacific

Check List ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Azofeifa-Solano ◽  
Sebastián Mena ◽  
Juan José Alvarado ◽  
José Leonardo Chacón-Monge ◽  
Tayler M. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
River Basin ◽  
New Records ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Soft Bottoms

Echinoderms within the Eastern Tropical Pacific have mainly been studied in association with coral reefs. Investigations on echinoderms associated with soft-bottoms and estuaries are still scarce. The present study reports on the echinoderm species inhabiting the soft-bottom sediments of shallow-brackish waters adjacent to the largest river basin along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Térraba-Sierpe wetland. Nine species were recorded, three of them new records for Costa Rica: Luidia columbia, L. latiradiata, and L. superba. The most common species were L. columbia, Astropecten armatus, A. regalis, and L. latiradiata. This contributes towards current knowledge on the biodiversity of Térraba-Sierpe wetland and should be considered as a baseline upon which to monitor the effects of future impacts on this important mangrove area.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA PESCA DEL TIBURÓN MARTILLO SPHYRNA LEWINI , EN LA PARTE EXTERNA DEL GOLFO DE NICOYA, COSTA RICA

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilena Zanella ◽  
Andrés López ◽  
Rándall Arauz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Hammerhead Shark ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Gulf Of Nicoya

En el ámbito nivel mundial, el tiburón martillo (Sphyrna lewini) es una de las especies más afectadas por la sobrepesca y el aleteo. Recientemente se incorporó a la Lista Roja de la UICN como especie en peligro de extinción. El presente estudio pretendió caracterizar la pesca y la distribución de S. lewini en la parte externa del Golfo de Nicoya. Para lograr este propósito, se realizaron muestreos entre marzo del 2006 y mayo del 2007 y se analizaron los tiburones martillo capturados por pescadores artesanales afiliados a la Cooperativa artesanales de Pescadores de Tárcoles (CoopeTárcoles R. L.), que faenan en la parte externa del Golfo de Nicoya. Para cada tiburón, se determinó la longitud total, la zona de pesca donde se capturó y el arte utilizado. En total se analizaron 273 tiburones. Se identificó un área de crianza primaria en el Peñón y se determinó que existe una relación lineal positiva entre la longitud total y la profundidad de la zona de pesca (R2 = 0.4296; p ‹ 0.0001), y la longitud total y la distancia de la zona de pesca de la desembocadura del río Grande de Tárcoles (R2 = 0.4052; p ‹ 0.0001). Los tiburones de menor tamaño (crías) se encontraron en la zona del Peñón, donde las aguas son poco profundas, turbias y productivas, ofreciendo a las crías alimento y protección de los depredadores. Por lo cual, se recomienda proteger esta zona, en particular en marzo, abril y mayo, época de nacimiento de las crías.The scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) is one of the shark species most impacted by overfishing, and is currently listed by the IUCN Red List as an Endangered.  This research sought to characterize the distribution of S. lewini in the external area of Gulf of Nicoya, central Pacific coast of Costa Rica, based on observations from a coastal artisanal fishery. From March 2006 to May 2007, we analyzed scalloped hammerhead shark landings by members of the Tarcoles Artisanal Fishermen's Cooperative (CoopeTárcoles R. L.), who operate in the outer part of the Gulf of Nicoya. We measured the total length of each shark, recorded the reported location of capture, and the gear used. In total, we recorded data for 273 sharks landed. We determined that total length holds a positive linear relationship with the depth of the fishing area (R2 = 0.4296, *** p <.0001) as well as with the distance from the mouth of the Tárcoles River (R2 = 0.4052, *** p <.0001). The smaller sharks (pups) were caught in a fishing site known as Peñon, slightly north of the mouth of the Tarcoles River, where the waters are shallow, turbid and highly productive, providing food and shelter for the pups.  As pups mature and attain larger sizes, they move towards deeper waters away from the Tarcoles River, out of the Gulf of Nicoya. We identify Peñon as a primary nursery for scalloped hammerhead sharks, and recommend management actions that seek to reduce fishing effort between March and May, when pups are born.

STUDIES ON THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF ALFALFA: V. SPIDERS (ARANEIDA)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractThe spider fauna of alfalfa was studied at Ithaca, N.Y., in three experimental plots and in nearby fields during 1966–69. As part of an overall study of the arthropod fauna of alfalfa, the spider populations in the study plots were recorded weekly during visual examination of the terminal 6 in. of five stems for 100 plants in each of the plots. Additional information was obtained from sweep-net and pitfall trap collections in the study plots and from sweeping several commercial plantings. The spider fauna of alfalfa was found to consist of 78 species, 10 of which were collected only from the ground layer. Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz and Dictyna volucripes Keyserling were the most abundant species found in the weekly samples. Notes on the seasonal occurrence, location on the plants, and feeding habits are given for the common species.

scholarly journals Hermit crabs associated to the shrimp bottom-trawl fishery along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Fresia Villalobos-Rojas ◽  
Juan Carlos Azofeifa-Solano ◽  
Raquel Romero-Chaves ◽  
Ingo S. Wehrtmann
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Bottom Trawl ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
The Pacific

Studies of the bycatch associated to the shrimp trawling fishery in the Pacific coast of Costa Rica do not assess small organisms (< 10 cm TL) and non-dominant species (< 0.1% of total catch). There is a void in assessing the maintenance of the ecology and ecosystem on which the fishery depends. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court of Costa Rica prohibited the renewal of existing and the issuing of new shrimp bottom-trawl licenses, indicating the necessity of more scientific information on the impacts of this fishery. We present the results of a 23-month study of the shrimp bottom-trawl fishery performed between 50 and 350 m deep in the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. A total of 109 hermit crabs were collected (six species and two families). Paguristes cf. holmesi was the most common species. Zone II presented the highest species richness and abundance. Most specimens (81.8 %) were caught in shallower waters (50-149 m). More than 45% of the trawls presented hermit crabs. It is imperative to further assess the trawling effects on non-commercial benthic fauna and changes on predator-prey relationships before issuing new shrimp licenses

scholarly journals Niche Breadth and Overlap of Sphagnum Species in Costa Rica

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Cyrus B. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sphagnum Magellanicum

Niche breadth and overlap values of Sphagnum species in Costa Rica are similar to those reported for Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in North America. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. and S. sparsum Hampe have the broadest niche breadth of the common species in Costa Rica. Although S. sancto-josephense Crum & Crosby has a relatively narrow niche breadth, it is one of the most common species along with S. magellancium and S. sparsum in the Sphagnum habitats of Costa Rica. Niche overlap is high among species with the exception of S. platyphyllum (Braithw.) Warnst. which is found in habitats that are rich in iron. The pH, conductivity, and concentrations of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, K, and P of Sphagnum habitats in Costa Rica are similar to those reported for páramo habitats in South America.

scholarly journals Movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) at Cocos Island, Costa Rica and between oceanic islands in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0213741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nalesso ◽  
Alex Hearn ◽  
Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki ◽  
Todd Steiner ◽  
Alex Antoniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Cocos Island ◽  
Hammerhead Sharks

scholarly journals Diet of the gecko Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Coco’s Island National Park, Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
Sergio A Villegas-Retana ◽  
Adriana Picado-Rossi ◽  
Alejandro Durán-Apuy
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Direct Capture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Common House

The common house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, is a native of Indonesia that has rapidly colonized new environments. Normally it is found in human constructions, but it can also invade natural environments and is causing the displacement and extinction of some native lizards, mostly in oceanic islands. In the Pacific reserve of Isla del Coco (Costa Rica) we captured nine specimens with sticky traps and direct capture. Theridium spp. accounted for 54% of its stomach contents (25,7% were unidentified remains and 18,8% Hymenoptera).

scholarly journals First record of young-of-the-year Scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini (Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae) from Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Ilena Zanella ◽  
Andrés López-Garro ◽  
D. Michelle McComb-Kobza ◽  
Geiner Golfín-Duarte ◽  
Maikel Pérez-Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
First Record ◽  
Nursery Ground ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Hammerhead Shark ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
Nursery Habitats ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Warm Temperate

<p>The Scalloped hammerhead shark, <em>Sphyrna lewini</em> is a coastal and pelagic circumglobal species that resides within coastal warm temperate and tropical seas. <em>Sphyrna lewini</em> exhibits strong intraspecific segregation: neonates and young-of-the-year spend the first part of life in coastal inshore waters (nursery grounds), while adults migrate offshore, returning to protected nursery habitats for mating and pupping. On December 3, 2014, at approximately 19:00 hr, four young-of-the-year <em>S. lewini</em> were caught with hand line in Wafer Bay, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica (5°32’42.4” N - 87°03’45.3” W). A total of three males (total length (TL): 73, 73, 76 cm) and one female (TL: 75 cm) were recorded. The presence of these individuals at Isla del Coco suggests that a pregnant female gave birth in or near Wafer Bay, which may be a nursery ground for <em>S. lewini</em>. We recommend further study to evaluate the presence and movements of young-of-the-year and juvenile <em>S. lewini</em> in Wafer Bay to determine if this was an isolated incident or if the bay is a nursery ground for <em>S. lewini</em>.</p><div> </div>

Cult Traits in Southeastern Costa Rica and Their Significance

1963 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Stone
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Central American ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractThe finding of ceremonial bone and shell objects at Puntarenas Farm, Jalaca, southeastern Costa Rica, along with ceramics of known Chiriqui or Red and Black ware, has thrown new light upon the extent of pre-Columbian trade and the penetration of cult traits from northern South America into lower Central America. Although no radiocarbon date has been obtained as yet, it is known that the manufacture of Chiriqui or Red and Black ware was continued into post-Columbian times.The presence in this region of shells found only on the Caribbean coast of Central America and not on the Pacific, as well as artifacts of manatee (Trichechus m. manatus Linn.) bone, also associated solely with the Caribbean littoral, indicate the extent and importance of trade. In the same sense, the appearance of the alligator-serpent motif on both coasts of the Nicoya Peninsula and on the western coast with ware related to Ulua Polychrome types and with an Ulua style alabaster vase, places a new northern boundary with respect to the diffusion of this cult motif. The Ulua Polychrome types and the Ulua style alabaster vase put a time horizon covering from A.D. 1000 probably to the Spanish arrival. The alligator-serpent concept, so familiar in the Amazon and Andean regions, the “eagle” or “condor” concept, the feline, the monkey, and the frog all emphasize the common base of lower Central American religion. Likewise they point to San Agustin as a cultural center of great importance in lower Central America.From the artistic point of view, the bone objects represent some of the most intricate carving yet known in eastern Central America. Both the style and subject matter place these figures in a different category from bone artifacts associated with Mesoamerican cultures.

scholarly journals THE VEGETATION OF A SEASONAL VÁRZEA FOREST IN THE LOWER SOLIMÕES RIVER, BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans KLINGE ◽  
Joachim ADIS ◽  
Martin WORBES
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Floristic Elements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Solimões River

The species composition of the seasonal várzea forest growing on a bank of the Ilha de Marchantaria / lower Solimões-Amazonas River, Brazil was studied in an area of slightly less than one hectare. Two biomass plots were harvested. Forty-seven arboreal species representing 46 genera in 25 families were recorded. Tree density was 1086 per hectare. Total basal area was 45 m2 ha1. Mean species density was 6.5 ± 1.98 per 100 m2. The most abundant species were Crataeva benthamii(Capparidaceae), Laetia corymbutosa(Flacourtiaceae) and Vitex cymosa(Verbenaceae). The highest basal area per species was 10.2 m2 for Pseudobombax munguba(Bombacaceae). The common species are known to be typical floristic elements of the seasonal varzea forest. Above ground dry biomass was equal to 97 and 255 t ha', respectively. Its chemical composition is characterized by comparatively high bioelement contents equal to 2.4 percent on the average. Calcium was the most important bioelement. Structure of the forest and age darings of trees allow the successional classification of the stands.

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